End of chapter test

12 Analyzing rates of change:

differential calculus
1 a Differentiate the following functions with respect to x

b Find the gradient of the tangent to the curve at the point where x = 2.

c State whether the function is increasing or decreasing at this point.

i f ( x ) = 3x 2 + 2 x − 1

ii g (x) =(2x − 1) (3x + 4)

1 3 1 2
iii y = x + x − 2x + 4
3 4

4
iv =
y +2
x2

1 3
v f (x) = − + 2x − 6
2x 4x 2

2 A ski slope can be modelled by the equation of the tangent to the curve y =
 0.12
− x 2 + 12 at the
point where x = 30.

Find the equation of the tangent line that models the ski slope.

3 Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = 2 x 3 − 6 x 2 + 5x at the point where x = 1.

4 Use your GDC to find the gradient of the tangent to the following functions at the point where

x = 3.

x +1 2x
a y = b
= y ln (3x − 1) c y =
( x + 1)
3
x −2

5 Maria attempts to throw a netball into the net. Her throw can be modelled by the function

f (x) =
−0.026 x 2 + 0.24 x + 1.85 where 0 ≤ x ≤ 10 .

Find the maximum height reached by the netball and show that it is a maximum.

6 A cylindrical can of beans has a volume of 400 cm3.

Find the dimensions of the can that gives the greatest surface area and comment on your
answer.

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 End of chapter test

Answers
1 i a ( x=) 6 x + 2
f  b 14 c increasing

ii a (x)
g=
 12 x +5 b 29 c increasing

dy 1
iii a =x 2 + x − 2 b 3 c increasing
dx 2
dy −8
iv a = b −4 c decreasing
dx x
1 3
v a (x) =
f  2 − +
2x 2 2x 3
+ b 2.0625 c increasing

dy
2 = −0.24 x
dx
dy
When x   30
= , = −7.2 and y    
= − 96
dx
y + 96
So, =  7.2
−
x − 30
y =
−7.2 x + 120 this is the equation of the tangent at the point where x = 30.
dy
3 = 6 x 2 − 12 x + 5
dx
dy
When x  
=1
  , = −1 and y   1
=
dx
If the gradient of the tangent is −1 then the gradient of the normal is 1.
y −1
So, the equation of the normal is =1
 
x −1
y = x is the equation of the normal.
4 a −3 b 0.375 c −0.0391
dy
5 −0.052 x + 0.24 =
= 0 at maximum or minimum
dx
So, x = 4.62
dy
At x = 4, −0.052 ( 4 ) + 0.24 =
= 0.032
dx
dy
At x = 5, −0.052 (5) + 0.24 =
= −0.02
dx
So, it is a maximum turning point.
400
6= r 2h 400 So, h =
V π=
π r2
 400  800
A = 2π r 2 + 2π rh = 2π r 2 + 2π r  2  = 2π r 2 +
 π r  r

dA 800
= 4π r − 2 = 0 at maximum or minimum points
dr r
So, 4π r 3 = 800
r = 3.99 and h = 8
Since the height is almost the same as the diameter, these are not ideal dimensions for the
can.

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