10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Geometric Sequence, Geometric
Means and Geometric Series
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Geometric Sequence, Geometric Means and Geometric Series
First Edition, 2021

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 10

Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Geometric Sequence, Geometric
Means and Geometric Series
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use
this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are
expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included
in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities
in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of
the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience
meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant
competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn

After going through this module, you are expected to:

➢ Determine the geometric mean, the nth term of a geometric sequence, and
the sum of a given finite or infinite geometric sequence. (M10AL-Ie-1)

Specifically, you will:

1. determine the nth term of the geometric sequence.

2. find geometric means using the nth term of the geometric sequence.
3. find the sum of a given finite or finite geometric sequence.

Let Us Try

Let’s find how much you already know about this topic in this module. Choose
the letter that you think best answer the questions and write it in a separate answer
sheet.

1. Which of the following operations is used in obtaining the next terms in a

geometric sequence?
A. Addition C. Multiplication
B. Subtraction D. Division

2. What is the next term in the geometric sequence 5, −15, 45?

A. 135 B. −135 C. 675 D. −225

3. If three geometric means are inserted between −12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 972, find the
second geometric mean.
A. 36 B. −72 C. −108 D. 324

4. If the first term of a geometric sequence is 3 and the second term is 12,
what is the fifth term?
A. 3072 B. 768 C. 192 D. 48

1
5. The common ratio of a geometric sequence is . Find the first three terms
2
3
if the sixth term is .
16
3 3 1 3
A. 6, 3, C. 2, 2,
2 4
3 3 3 3 3 3
B. , , D. , ,
2 4 8 4 8 16

1
 6. Find the sum of the first six terms of the geometric sequence 4, 6, 9, . . .
𝟔𝟔𝟓 𝟐𝟏𝟏 𝟕𝟐𝟗 𝟖𝟏
A. B. C. D.
𝟖 𝟒 𝟏𝟔 𝟒

7. Find the sum of the terms of the infinite geometric sequence 405, 135,
45, . . .
𝟏𝟑𝟓 𝟏𝟑𝟕 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟓
A. B. C. D. 405
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

8. Find the sum to infinity of the geometric sequence 125, 25, 5, . . .

𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝟔𝟐𝟓 𝟓𝟐𝟓 𝟓𝟐𝟓
A. B. C. D.
𝟒 𝟓 𝟒 𝟓

9. Flor saves an amount in his coin bank every week. To make saving a fun
activity, she doubles whatever amount is inside the coin bank. On the first
week, she saves 1 peso. How much money will there be in the coin bank
after the 12th week?
A. ₱ 4095 B. ₱ 1023 C. ₱ 120 D. ₱ 78

10. What is the sum of the first 12 terms of the geometric sequence
8, −8, 8, −8, …?
A. 8 B. −8 C. 1 D. 0

Let Us Study

In every day of our lives, there are a lot of things that we see or encounter that
involve sequence. Examples of such are the house numbers that we see each time
we drove down the streets, the number of people that we meet and mingle with each
day, and even with earnings of our savings in the bank and or the interest rates of
the debts we pay. Can you tell which experience you have had today that involved
sequence?
In this lesson, you will be dealing with another type of sequence, called
Geometric sequence. You are expected to learn how to compute for the nth term of
the geometric sequence; insert geometric means and even find the sum of the term
in a geometric sequence.

Before we go further, let us do the exercise given below. You will need a sheet of
paper to perform the activity.

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Activity: Fold Me

Fold the piece of paper in half multiple times and count the number of
rectangles created.

Record your answers in the table below:

Number of Folds Number of Rectangles Sketch of the paper

1 2

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Guide questions:

1. How do you find the activity?

2. How did you get your answers to each column?
3. Is there any pattern that you see?

The activity above somehow activated your minds about the topic in this module.
This is a good foundation for you to understand the concepts that will be presented
and discussed.

Geometric sequence is a sequence made by multiplying the same value

each time. We call that same value as the common ratio.

Remember that:

Geometric Sequence
𝒂𝒏 𝒂𝟏 𝑟 𝑛−1
=

The nth the first The common

term in the equals term in the ratio is taken
sequence sequence to the power
of one (1) less
than the term
you want to
find

I. The nth Term of a Geometric Sequence

To find the nth term of a geometric sequence, we need to use the rule

𝒂𝒏=𝒂𝟏(𝒓)𝒏−𝟏
Steps:
1. Know the common ratio
2. Determine the first term of the given sequence; and
3. Solve for the nth term

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Examples:

1. Find the 7th term of the given 2. In the given sequence −𝟑, 𝟗, −𝟐𝟕.
sequence 6, 24, 96. Find the 5th term.
Given: 𝑎1 = 6, 𝑎2 = 24, 𝑛 = 7 Given: 𝑎1 = −3, 𝑎2 = 9, 𝑛 = 5
Solution: Solution:
Solve for r 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟔ሺ𝟒ሻ𝒏−𝟏 Solve for r 𝒂𝒏 = −𝟑ሺ−𝟑ሻ𝒏−𝟏
24 𝒂𝟕 = 𝟔ሺ𝟒ሻ𝟕−𝟏 9 𝒂𝟓 = −𝟑ሺ−𝟑ሻ𝟓−𝟏
𝑟= 𝑟=
6 𝒂𝟕 = 𝟔ሺ𝟒ሻ𝟔 −3 𝒂𝟓 = −𝟑ሺ−𝟑ሻ𝟒
𝑟=4 𝒂𝟕 = 𝟔ሺ𝟒𝟎𝟗𝟔ሻ 𝑟 = −3
𝒂𝟓 = −𝟑ሺ𝟖𝟏ሻ
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 ሺ𝒓ሻ𝒏−𝟏 𝒂𝟕 = 𝟐𝟒𝟓𝟕𝟔 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 ሺ𝒓ሻ𝒏−𝟏 𝒂𝟓 = −𝟐𝟒𝟑
𝒏−𝟏
𝒂𝒏 = 𝟔ሺ𝟒ሻ 𝒂𝒏 = −𝟑ሺ−𝟑ሻ𝒏−𝟏

Therefore, the 7th term of the Therefore, the 5th term of the sequence
sequence 6, 24, 96 is 24 576. −3, 9, −27 is −𝟐𝟒𝟑.

3. Find the 8th term of the given 4. Find the 8th term of the given
sequence 𝟑𝟐, −𝟏𝟔, 𝟖, − 𝟒. sequence 𝟑𝟐, −𝟏𝟔, 𝟖, − 𝟒.
Given: 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟑𝟐, 𝒂𝟐 = −𝟏𝟔, 𝒏 = 𝟖 Given: 𝒂𝟏 = 𝟑𝟐, 𝒂𝟐 = −𝟏𝟔, 𝒏 = 𝟖
Solution: 𝟏 𝒏−𝟏 Solution: 𝟏 𝒏−𝟏
Solve for r 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟑𝟐 ൬− ൰ Solve for r 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟑𝟐 ൬− ൰
𝟐 𝟐
−16 𝟏 𝟖−𝟏 −16 𝟏 𝟖−𝟏
𝑟= 𝒂𝟖 = 𝟑𝟐 ൬− ൰ 𝑟= 𝒂𝟖 = 𝟑𝟐 ൬− ൰
32 𝟐 32 𝟐
1 1
𝑟=− 𝟏 𝟕 𝑟=− 𝟏 𝟕
2 𝒂𝟖 = 𝟑𝟐 ൬− ൰ 2 𝒂𝟖 = 𝟑𝟐 ൬− ൰
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 ሺ𝒓ሻ𝒏−𝟏 𝟐 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 ሺ𝒓ሻ𝒏−𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒂𝟖 = 𝟑𝟐 ൬− ൰ 𝟏 𝒏−𝟏 𝒂𝟖 = 𝟑𝟐 ൬− ൰
𝒂𝒏 = 𝟑𝟐 ൬− ൰ 𝟏𝟐𝟖 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟑𝟐 ൬− ൰ 𝟏𝟐𝟖
𝟐 ሺ𝟑𝟐ሻሺ𝟏ሻ 𝟐 ሺ𝟑𝟐ሻሺ𝟏ሻ
𝒂𝟖 = − 𝒂𝟖 = −
ሺ𝟑𝟐ሻሺ𝟒ሻ ሺ𝟑𝟐ሻሺ𝟒ሻ
𝟏 𝟏
𝒂𝟖 = − 𝒂𝟖 = −
𝟒 𝟒

Therefore, the 8th term of the Therefore, the 8th term of the sequence
𝟏 𝟏
sequence 32, −16, 8, −4 is − 𝟒. 32, −16, 8, −4 is − 𝟒.

5. What is the value on the 7th day if 20 increases by 10% per day?
22
𝑎1 = 20 𝑟= value in the 7th day
20

𝑎2 = 20 + 10%ሺ20ሻ 𝑟 = 1.10 or 𝑎𝑛 = 20ሺ1.10ሻ𝑛−1

𝑎2 = 20 + ሺ.10ሻሺ20ሻ 𝑟 = 1 + 10% 𝑎7 = 20ሺ1.10ሻ7−1

𝑎2 = 20 + 2 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 ሺ𝑟ሻ𝑛−1 𝑎7 = 20ሺ1.10ሻ6
𝑎2 = 22 𝑎𝑛 = 20ሺ1.10ሻ𝑛−1 𝑎7 = 20ሺ1.771561ሻ
𝑎7 ≈ 35.43

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II. Inserting Geometric Means between terms of a Geometric Sequence

A geometric mean is a term or terms in between two given terms in a

geometric sequence.

If only one (1) geometric mean is to be inserted between two terms, all you
have to do is to get the square root of the product of the two given terms.

EXAMPLE:

1. Insert a geometric mean between 4 and 100.

Sol. 𝐺𝑒𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛=√4 ሺ100ሻ
𝐺𝑒𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛= √400
𝐺𝑒𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛= ±20

Therefore, the geometric mean between 4 and 100 is 20 or −𝟐𝟎. The

sequence can be written as 4, 20, 100 or 4, −20, 100

To insert geometric means ( more than 1) between terms of a

geometric sequence, we use the rule
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 ሺ𝒓ሻ𝒏−𝟏

Steps:
1. Determine the common ratio (r)
2. Multiply the common ratio to the given first term of the sequence to
determine the first geometric mean between terms;
3. To determine the succeeding geometric means to be inserted, just continue
multiplying the common ratio (r) to the value of terms are generated or use
the nth term.

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EXAMPLES:
1. Insert 3 geometric means between 28, 448.
28, ______, ______, ______, 448

Given: Finding the common ratio: Finding 𝒂𝟐 , using 𝒓 = 𝟐

𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 ሺ𝒓ሻ𝒏−𝟏
𝑎1 = 28 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟐𝟖ሺ𝟐ሻ𝒏−𝟏
𝟓−𝟏
𝒂𝟓 = 𝟐𝟖ሺ𝒓ሻ
𝑎2 = 28ሺ2ሻ2−1 or 𝑎2 = 𝑎1 ሺ𝑟ሻ
𝑎5 = 448 448 = 28ሺ𝑟ሻ 4
𝑎2 = 28ሺ2ሻ 𝑎2 = 28ሺ2ሻ
448 28𝑟 4
= 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟓𝟔 𝒂𝟐 = 𝟓𝟔
28 28
𝑟 4 = 16
4 4
√𝑟 4 = √16 𝒓 = ±𝟐

Finding 𝒂𝟑 , 𝒂𝟒 If 𝒓 = 𝟐, the sequence is

𝒂𝟒 = 𝒂𝟑 ሺ𝒓ሻ
28, 56, 112, 224, 448, therefore the
𝒓=𝟐 geometric means between 28 and 448
𝑎4 = 112ሺ2ሻ
𝒂𝟑 = 𝟐𝟖ሺ𝟐ሻ𝟑−𝟏 are 56, 112 and 224.
𝐚𝟒 = 𝟐𝟐𝟒 If 𝒓 = −𝟐, the sequence is
𝑎3 = 28ሺ2ሻ2 28, −56, 112, −224, 448, therefore the
𝑎3 = 28ሺ4ሻ geometric means between 28 and 448
are −𝟓𝟔, 𝟏𝟏𝟐 and −𝟐𝟐𝟒.
𝒂𝟑 = 𝟏𝟏𝟐

2. Determine the two geometric means 3. Determine 2 geometric means between

between −12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 324. 64 and 8.
−12, ______, ______, −324 64, _____, ______,8 Finding 𝒂 , 𝒂 𝟐 𝟑
Given: 𝒏−𝟏
Given: 𝑎1 = 64, 𝑎4 = 8 𝟏
𝑎1 = −12 Finding 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒂𝟑 𝒂𝒏 = 𝟔𝟒 ൬ ൰
𝟐
Solve for r
𝑎4 = −324 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 ሺrሻ𝑛−1 1 2−1
Finding the 𝑎2 = 64 ൬ ൰
Finding the 𝑎𝑛 = −12ሺ3ሻ𝑛−1 common ratio: 2
common 𝑎2 = −12ሺ3ሻ2−1 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 ሺ𝒓ሻ𝒏−𝟏 1
ratio: 𝑎2 = 64 ൬ ൰
2
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 ሺ𝒓ሻ𝒏−𝟏 𝑎2 = −12ሺ3ሻ 𝒂𝟒 = 𝟔𝟒ሺ𝒓ሻ𝟒−𝟏
𝑎2 = 32
𝟒−𝟏 𝑎2 = −36 8 = 64ሺ𝑟ሻ3
𝒂𝟒 = −𝟏𝟐ሺ𝒓ሻ
−324 8 64𝑟 3
= 1 3−1
3
64 64 𝑎3 = 64 ൬ ൰
= −12ሺ𝑟ሻ 𝑎3 = −12ሺ3ሻ3−1 2
8ሺ1ሻ
−324 −12𝑟 3 𝑟3 =
𝑎2 = −12ሺ3ሻ2 8ሺ8ሻ 1 2
= 𝑎3 = 64 ൬ ൰
−12 −12 𝑎2 = −12ሺ9ሻ 2
𝑟 3 = 27 3
3 1 1
𝑎 = −108 √𝑟 3 = ඨ 𝑎3 = 64 ൬ ൰
3
8 4
√𝑟 3 = 3√27
1 𝑎3 = 16
Sequence: −12, −𝟑𝟔, −𝟏𝟎𝟖, −324. 𝑟=
2
Therefore, the geometric means between The sequence is 64, 32, 16, 8. The
−12 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 324 are −𝟑𝟔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 − 𝟏𝟎𝟖. geometric means between 64 and 8 are 32
and 16.

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 You know already how to determine the nth term and means of a geometric
sequence. This time we will find the sum of a geometric sequence.

III. Sum of terms of a Geometric Sequence

 Finite Geometric Sequence

• If you are to determine the sum of terms of a finite Geometric sequence, the
following conditions on the common ratio (r) of the sequence must be
observed and considered:
o If r = 1, then 𝑺𝒏 = 𝒏𝒂𝟏
o If 𝑟 = −1, then 𝑆𝑛 = 0; if n is even
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑛; if n is odd
𝑟>1 𝒂𝟏 −𝒂𝒏 𝒓
o If {
𝑟 < −1
, then 𝑺𝒏 = , where 𝑎1 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚,
𝟏−𝒓
𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
𝑟>1 𝒂 ሺ𝟏−𝒓𝒏 ሻ
o If { , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑺𝒏 = 𝟏 𝟏−𝒓 , where 𝑎1 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚,
𝑟 < −1
𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜

EXAMPLES
1. Find the sum of the first 7 terms 2. Find the sum of the first 100
of 2, 2, 2, 2. terms of −𝟓, −𝟓, −𝟓, …
𝟐 −5
𝒓= 𝒓=𝟏 𝑟= 𝑟=1
𝟐 −5
Since 𝑟 = 1 use the formula
Since r = 1 use the formula Sn = na1
𝑺𝒏 = 𝒏𝒂𝟏 𝑺𝒏 = 𝒏𝒂𝟏
𝑆100 = 100ሺ−5ሻ
S7 = 7(2)
𝑆100 = −500
S7 = 14

Therefore, the sum of the first 7 Therefore, the sum of the first 100
terms of 2,2,2,2,,, is 14. terms of −5, −5, −5, … is −500.

8
3. Find the sum of the first 20 4. What is the sum of the first 11
terms of the sequence terms of the sequence
𝟓, −𝟓, 𝟓, −𝟓, …?
−𝟑, 𝟑, −𝟑, 𝟑, … −5
𝑟= 𝑟 = −1
3 5
𝑟 = −3 𝑟 = −1 The common ratio is −1 and n is
The common ratio is −1 and n odd, therefore, 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1
is even therefore, Sn = 0. Sol. 𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎1

𝑆11 = 5
The sum of the first 20 terms of
The sum of the first 11 terms of the
the sequence −3,3, −3,3 is 0.
sequence 5, −5,5, −5 is 5.

5. Find the sum of the first 10 6. Find the sum of the first 10 terms
terms of the sequence 4,12, 36. of the sequence 4, 12… and 10th
Since the nth term of the term is 78732.
sequence is not given, so we use the Since the 10th term of the
formula: sequence is given, so we use the
𝒏ሻ
𝒂𝟏 ሺ𝟏 − 𝒓 formula:
𝑺𝒏 =
𝟏−𝒓 𝒂𝟏 − 𝒂𝒏 𝒓
𝑺𝒏 =
𝟏−𝒓
Given:
𝟏𝟐
𝑎1 = 4 , 𝑎2 = 12 𝒓= 𝟒
𝑎10 = 78 732 𝒓=𝟑
4ሺ1−310 ሻ
𝑆10 = 4 − 78 732ሺ3ሻ
1−3
𝑆10 =
4ሺ1 − 59049ሻ 1−3
𝑆10 =
−2 4 − 236 196
4ሺ−59048ሻ 𝑆10 =
𝑆10 = −2
−2
−236 192 −236 192
𝑆10 = 𝑆10 =
−2 −2
𝑆10 = 118 096 𝑆10 = 118 096
Therefore, the sum of the first
Therefore, the sum of the first 10
10 terms of the sequence 4, 12, 36 is
terms of the given sequence is 118 096
118 096.

9
  Sum to Infinity
You can take the sum of an infinite geometric sequence, only in some
special circumstance that the common ratio (r) is between −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 ሺ−1 < 𝑟 < 1)
read as r is less than 1 but greater than -1).
𝒂𝟏
𝑺= , where 𝑎1 is the first term,
𝟏−𝒓
𝑟 is the common ratio

EXAMPLE

1 1 1
1. What is the sum to infinity of , , , …?
4 16 64
Finding the
common ratio
1 Sum to Infinity
𝑟= 16 𝑎1
1 𝑆=
1−𝑟
4
1 4
𝑟 = ൬ ൰൬ ൰ 1
16 1 𝑆= 4 Simplify the denominator:
1 1− 14 1−4=
1 4−1 1
; 1−4=4
3
𝑟= 4
4 1
𝑆 = 43
4 Change the operation into
Since the common 1 4
𝑆 = ൬ ൰൬ ൰ multiplication and get the
ratio is less than 1,
4 3 reciprocal of the denominator.
therefore the sum to 1
infinity exists.
Cancel 4
𝑆=
3

1
The sum to infinity is 3

10
 1 1 1
2. What is the sum to infinity of − , , − 27
3 9
, …?
Finding the
common ratio
1 Sum to Infinity
𝑟= 9 𝑎1
1 𝑆 = 1−𝑟
−3
1 3
𝑟 = ൬ ൰ ൬− ൰ −13
9 1 𝑆= Simplify the denominator:
1 1− ቀ−13ቁ 1 3+1 3+1 4
𝑟=− 1 − ቀ− 3ቁ = ; =3
3 3 3
−13
𝑆= 4
3 Change the operation into
Since the common 1 3
𝑆 = ൬− ൰ ൬ ൰ multiplication and get the
ratio is less than 1,
3 4 reciprocal of the denominator.
therefore the sum to 1
infinity exists.
Cancel 3
𝑆=−
4

1
The sum to infinity is − 4

1 1 3 9
3. Does the sum of the sequence − 6 , − 2 , − 2 , − 2 …exists?

Finding the
common ratio
1
−2
𝑟=
1 Since the common ratio (r) is greater than 1,
−6 therefore the sum to infinity of the given
1 6 sequence does not exist.
𝑟 = ൬− ൰ ൬− ൰
2 1
𝑟=3

11
 Let Us Practice
A. What is Next?

Instruction: Following the pattern of its given sequence, give the next number.
Write your answer on the space provided before each number.

___________1. 2, 4, 8,
___________2. 5, 15, 45
___________3. 72, 36, 18
___________4. −7, −21, −63
___________5. 4, −12, 36
___________6. 1000, 500, 250, 125
___________7. 32, 128, 512
___________8. 3240, 1080, 360, 120
___________9. 15, 75, 375, 1875
__________10. −4, 8, −16, 32

B. Finding the Term

Direction: Find the indicated term of each geometric sequence. Look for your
answer inside the box.

𝟑
5 15 27 50 81 576 1250
𝟐
3
−2 −𝟓 −𝟏𝟓 −𝟐𝟕 −𝟓𝟎 −𝟖𝟏 −𝟓𝟕𝟔 −𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎

___________1. Given the sequence 9,18, 36, find the 7th term.
___________2. What is the 5th term of the sequence −24, −12, −6?
___________3. What could be the first term in the sequence 45, 135, 405, 1215,
if 45 is the 3rd term?
___________4. What is the third and fifth term of 2, 10, ____,250, _____?
1
___________5. What are the missing terms of − 3, −1, −3,−9, _____, _____, −243?

12
Guide Questions:
1. How did you determine the indicated term?
2. What kind of sequence are the above sequences?
3. How important is the role of the common ratio in determining the
indicated term?
4. How do you call the terms between the first and the last terms?
5. Can you find the sum of the above sequence?

Let Us Practice More

A. Missed Me

Insert the indicated geometric means between the given first and last terms.
Show your solution.

_________________1. between 2 and 486 (4 geometric means)

_________________2. between 224 and 28 (2 geometric means)
_________________3. between 1 and 100 (1 geometric mean)
_________________4. between 8 and 2048 (3 geometric means
_________________5. Between 7 and 700 (1 geometric mean)

B. Sum It up

Find the sum of the following geometric sequence. Show your solution.

_______1. The sum of the first 8 terms of the sequence 10, 10, 10.
_______2. The sum of the first 12 terms of 5, 10, 20.
_______3. The sum of the first 6 terms of the sequence −12,12, −12,12
_______4. The sum of the first 15 terms of −9,9, −9.
_______5. Does the sum to infinity of 1/6, 1/18, 1/54…exist? Why?

Let Us Remember

 𝒂𝒏=𝒂𝟏(𝒓)𝒏−𝟏 is the rule used for Geometric sequence, it is used to

determine the nth term in a given geometric sequence.

13
  Geometric mean is a term or terms in between two (2) given terms in a
Geometric sequence
 To insert a Geometric mean between two (2) terms means to get the square
root of the product of the two given terms
 To insert Geometric means between two terms requires the use of the rule

𝒂𝒏=𝒂𝟏(𝒓)𝒏−𝟏
 Sum of terms in a Finite Geometric sequence can be determined observing
the following conditions of r:
o If r = 1, then 𝑺𝒏 = 𝒏𝒂𝟏
o If 𝑟 = −1, then 𝑆𝑛 = 0; if n is even
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑛; if n is odd
𝑟>1 𝒂 −𝒂 𝒓
o If { , then 𝑺𝒏 = 𝟏 𝒏 , where 𝑎1 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚,
𝑟 < −1 𝟏−𝒓

𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚

𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
𝑟>1 𝒂ሺ𝟏−𝒓𝒏 ሻ
o If { , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑺𝒏 = 𝟏 𝟏−𝒓 , where 𝑎1 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚,
𝑟 < −1
𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜

 Sum of an Infinite Geometric sequence exists if r is less than 1 but greater

than -1 (-1 < r < 1).

Let Us Assess

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter in the space provided
before each number.
__________1. If three geometric means are to be inserted between 12 and 972. Find
the second geometric mean.
A. 18 B. 36 C. 108 D. 324

__________2. Using the same data in no. 1, find the second term of the Geometric
sequence.
A. 18 B. 36 C. 108 D. 324

__________3. What is the next term in the sequence −2, −6, −18, −54?
A. −162 B. 162 C. −108 D. 108

__________4. What is the common ratio in the given −2, −6, −18, −54 ?
A. 2 B. −2 C. 3 D. −3

14
__________5. Sum to infinity exist if r is_____.
A. greater than 1 but less than −1.
B. greater than −1 but less than 1
C. more than −1 but greater than 1.
D. less than −1 but greater than 1.

__________6. If 𝑎1 = 1⁄4 and 𝑟 = 4, find the fourth term of the sequence.

A. 1 B. 4 C. 16 D. 64

__________7. What is the 8th term of the Geometric sequence 10, 20, 40…?
A. 1280 B. 640 C. 320 D. 160

__________8. What is the sum of the first 7 terms of the sequence 9, 27, 81, …?
A. 3789 B. 7389 C. 8937 D. 9837

1
__________9. What is 𝑎1 if 𝑎4 = 5 and 𝑟 = 5?
A. 625 B. 125 C. 25 D. 10

__________10. What is the geometric mean between 9 and 144?

A. 27 B. 36 C. 81 D. 105

Let Us Enhance

With the given situation below, do the following applying your knowledge on
finding the nth term of a geometric sequence.

Situation 1:

One rainy evening, your room is too cold, so you decided to adjust the
thermostat. The current temperature of the room is 65℉. In an attempt to get
warmer, you increase the temperature by 10% every hour.

1. Make a table representing the increase in temperature of your room every

hour until it reaches the 3rd hour.

2. How hot will your room be after 3 hours? Use the rule 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 𝑟 𝑛−1 in finding
the answer.

3. Is finding the nth term helpful in solving the problem? Explain.

4. Did the task helped you understand the importance of geometric sequence
in your daily life?

15
Situation 2:

The average monthly income of an online seller for a month is ₱1500, but due
to the pandemic that is happening around, it jumped off to ₱6000 in just two months.

1. How much is the sale between these months?

2. Describe the growth of the online seller’s income.
3. Did the task helped you understand the importance of understanding the
concept of geometric means in your daily life?

Situation 3:

At the start of the year, a certain Barangay posted a challenge to all its
constituents thru its program “Ipon Ko”. The Program will run for 15 months and
the one with the highest “Ipon” will win ₱10,000. Tina decided to join Barangay’s
“Ipon Ko” Challenge. She had ₱ 2 for a start and determined to double the amount
that she saves each month.

1. How much will she save in 15 months?

2. Is the concept of determining the sum of terms in a geometric sequence
helpful in finding the solution to this problem?

3. Do you think her savings after 15 months will be enough to make her win
the challenge? Why?

Rubrics:

Outstanding Satisfactory Developing Beginning Needs

Criteria Improvement
10 8 6 4 2
Accuracy The student The student The The Solution not
solves the can solve student student completed
problem the problem can solve attempts to but there is
and justifies but there the solve the an attempt
reasoning are slight problem problem to answer
error/s in but can’t but there
justifying justify the are errors,
the steps steps taken and no
taken justification
is included

16
 Let Us Reflect
Love, Wow, and Sad Reacts

On the Love React, write at least two things that you have learned about the
lesson.
On the Wow React, write one real-life situation where you can apply your learning
on Geometric sequence
On the Sad React, write one question that you want to ask about the topic.

____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________
_______________________________________

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

17
 18
Let Us Enhance Let Us
Situation 1:
1. No. of Hours Current 1 2 3
Assess!
Temperature 650F 71.50F 78.650F 86.520F 1. C
Situation 2:
2. B
1. 3000
3. A
Situation 3:
4. C
1. 65534
5. B
6. C
Let Us Practice! 7. A
A. 8. D
Let Us Practice More! 1. 16 6. 62.5 9. A
A. Missed Me: 2. 135 7. 2048 10. B
1. 6, 18, 54, 162 3. 9 8. 40
2. 112, 56 4. −189 9. 9375
3. 10 𝑜𝑟 −10
5. −108 10. −64
4. 32,128,512 or 32, −128, 512
5. 70 𝑜𝑟 −70
B.
Let Us
B Sum It Up: 1. 576
Try!
1. 80 3 1. C
2. − 2
2. B
2. 20 475 3. 5 3. C
4. B
3. 0 4. a3 = 50𝑎3 = 50 5. A
6. A
𝑎4 = 1250 7. C
4. −9
8. A
5. 𝑎5 = −27
1 1 9. A
5. yes, since 𝑟 = 3; 𝑆 = 4
𝑎6 = −81 10.D
Answer Key
 References

Callanta, Melvin M, et.al. Mathematics-Grade 10 Learner’s Module, Department of

Education, 2015, pp 26 - 48

19
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur

Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672

Email Address: davao.city@deped.gov.ph