Government of Tamilnadu

Department of Employment and Training

Course : TNPSC Group II Exam

Subject : Indian National Movement
Topic : Growth of Militant Movements

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Commissioner,
Department of Employment and Training

MILITANTNATIONALISM
Revolutionary Activities
The militant Nationalists no doubt
adopted the path of blood shed but
their goal was noble. Their ideal was
to set up the rule of the farmers and
workers and to remove all social and
economic disparities.
 Due to mainfold ever increasing
number of young men turned to
revolutionary activities to attain
political independence, their
methods were entirely different
from those of the Extremists and
the Moderates.
 They were inspired by the intense
love of the Motherland and were
spurred by enthusiasm to wrest
freedom quickly from the clutches
of the British by violent means.
 The methods they adopted
Revolutionary Organisations in India
Organisation Year
MitraMela 1899
AnushilanSamiti (I) 1902
Abhinav Bharat 1906
Swadesh BandhavSamiti 1905
AnushilanSamiti (II) 1907
Indian National Movement
include: (1) To organise secret
societies, (2) Engagement in the
murders of officials to terrorise the
British authorities, (3) Indigenous
Factors Helped Growth of Terrorism
1. The Swadeshi Movement
2. Failure of constitutional reforms
3. Defeat of Italians at Adowa
4. Victory of Japan over Russia
5. Young Turk movement
6. Repression of the British
Government
7. Change in approach of the youth
manufacture of arms and bombs
and to import them from Foreign
countries whenever possible and
(4) To engage themselves in the
activities such as dacoities to
collect money for fulfilling their
aims.
Founder Place
Savarkar Brothers Poona
Gyanendranath Bose Midnapur
VD Savarkar Poona
Ashwin Kumar Dutt Barisal
Birendra Kumar Ghosh and Dhaka
BhupendraDutt
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 Indian National Movement

Bharat Mata Society 1907 Ajit Singh and Amba Prasad Punjab
Hindustan Republican 1924 Jogesh Chandra Kanpur
Association ChatterjiSachindranathSany
al
Naujawan Sabha 1926 Bhagat Singh Lahore
Hindustan Socialist 1928 Chandrashekhar Azad Delhi
Republican Association

Revolutionary Organisations Formed Outside India

Organisation Year Founder Place
India House 1905 Shyamji Krishna Verma London
Abhinav Bharat 1906 VD Savarkar London
Indian Independence 1907 TarakNath Das USA
League
Ghadar Party 1913 LalaHardayal, TarakNath-Das San
and Sohan Singh Bhakna Francisco
Indian Independence 1914 LalaHardayal and Birendra Berlin
League and Government 1942 Ras Bihari Bose Tokyo
Indian Independence
League
Indian National Army 1942 Ras Bihari Bose Tokyo

The reasons responsible for the 2. The role of revolutionaries in

revolutionaries, failing to achieve their Indian politics became negligible
objective Viz., because the Satyagraha and the
1. The Government passed several Non-cooperation movements led
laws to crush the revolutionary by Gandhi attracted more public
movements and many times attention.
succeeded in detecting the 3. Most of their movements in India
activities and punishing them failed because of its, ill
severely. organisation and its failure to
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 Indian National Movement

gain mass support among the - Yugantar group by

Indians. Barindra Kumar Ghosh,
Raja Subodh Malik and
Objective of HSRA (Hindustan
Socialist Republican HemchandraQanungo.
Association)  First political robbery was
1. To arose the consciousness of the
people of India to futility of the conducted in 1906, known as
Gandhian methods of non- Rangpur Dacoiti.
violence.
2. To demonstrate the need and  A bomb manufacturing unit was
desirability of Direct Action and set-up at Maniktala (Calcutta).
Revolution in order to achieve
complete independence.  Kingsford attempt to Murder
3. Decided not to plunder private Case (1908) Yugantar group
individuals but to make
government treasuries alone as planned to kill Kingsford, the
the target of dacoities. magistrate of Muzaffar, but
failed. Aurobindo Ghosh was
Concludingly, there is no doubt arrested and Khudiram Bose was
that the superb spirit of sacrifice arrested and executed in Hijni
of the revolutionaries and jail, Hazaribagh.
martyrdom of many among them  There was an assassination
made a notable contribution attempt on the life of Governor
towards Indian Nationalism. The General, Lord Hardinge
blood of the Indian martyrs did (December, 1912) by Master Amir
not go in waste. Chandra, Awadh Bihari and
Basantkumar Biswas.
12.1 FIRST PHASE  In Madras, revolutionary
 By 1902, four revolutionary activities were carried by Bharat
groups were set-up in Calcutta Mata Association under
and Midnapur. VanchiIyer and supported by VO
- Midnapur Society by Chindambaram Pillai.
SarlaGhosal  Indian revolutionary activities
- AnushilanSamiti outside India were based on the
- Atmonnoti Group principle of absolute political

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 Indian National Movement

freedom. Prominent groups North America helped in rising

were awareness about nationalism.
- India House by Shyamji - Similarly, Hind Association
Krishna Verma set up in of Pacific coast was set-up
London. He also started the in 1913 by Sohan Singh
newspaper The Indian Bhakna and also started a
Sociologist. VD Savarkar was newspaper, Hindustani
its member, who later started Ghadar, edited by
the secret societies Abhinav LalaHardayal.
Bharat and MitraMela. - Soon activities of the
- Other association came to be
MembersLalaHardayal, VN known as Ghadar party
Chatterjee, MPT Acharya, Movement which was first
PM Bapat, VSS Iyer and secular, democratic,
Madan Lal Dhingra revolutionary movement.
(assassinated British Officer - Its headquarter was known
Curzon While in 1909). as Yugantar Ashram in San
 Paris Indian Society: It was Francisco (USA). They
founded by Madam BhikajiCama. published the newspaper
She started two newspapers, Hindustani Ghadar.
VandeMataram and - In Punjab, Bharat Mata
MadansTalwar. Society under Kartar Singh
 India Independence carried the Ghadar
Committee was set-up by Movement. Similary in
VigrendranathChattopadha Gaya Hong Kong a Sikh priest,
in Berlin. Bhagwan Singh, carried the
 Ghadar Party Movement movement.
(1913) Indian nationalists - The movement ended with
including students like the arrest of Lal Hardayal,
TarakNath Das who published beginning of world war and
Free Hindustan Newspaper in KomagataMaru incident

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 Indian National Movement

(charteredship of Gurudith Ashafaqulla were accused.

Singh carrying Muslim and  Murder of Sauders (ASP of
Sikh immigrats from Lahore), 1929-Bhagat Singh was
Vancouver, but the British accused.
Government did not allow  Assembly Bomb Case (Delhi),
anyone to leave the ship at 1929-Bhagat Singh, Batukeshwar
Calcutta and violent Dutta and Rajguru.
protests broke out).  Surya Sen was accused in
Chittagong ArmkouryDacoity,
12.2 SECOND PHASE 1930.
 Bhagat Singh founded the  Udham Singh murdered General
Naujawan Bharat Sabha. Dyer in London in 1940.
 Kakori Train Dacoity Case 1925-
Ram Prasad Bismill and
Revolutionary Events/Cases

Name of the Event/Case Place Year Accused

Murder of Rand and Amherst Pune 1897 Chapekar Brothers,
(Plague commissioners) Damodar and Balkrishna
Attempt to murder kingsford Muzaffarpu 1908 Khudiram Bose and
(a vindictive judge) r PrafullaChaki
Manikatalla (Calcutta) and Manikatall 1908 Aurbindo Ghosh
Alipur Bomb conspiracy case a (Calcutta)
Alipur
Murder of Jackson (District Nasik 1909 AnantKarkare
Magistrate)
Murder of Curzon Wyllie London 1909 Madan Lal Dhingra
Attempt to murder Hardinge Delhi 1912 Ras Bihari Bose and Basant
(Viceroy) (Delhi Bomb Case) Kumar
Kakori Train Dacoity Case Kakori 1925 Ram Prasad Bismil and
(Kakori-a station in Lucknow Ashafaqulla
Saharanpur division)

Murder of Saunders (A.S.P of Lahore 1928 Bhaghat Singh

Lahore)

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 Indian National Movement

Assembly Bomb case Delhi 1929 Bhaghat Singh and

Batukeshwardutta
Chittagong Armoury Dacoity Chittagong 1930 Surya sen
Murder of Michael O’ Dwyer London 1940 Udhamsingh

Important Cases against Revolutionaries

CASE REASON AND YEAR RESULT
Nasik conspiracy The unjustified punishment 37 youths were caught, 3
case meted out to Ganesh Savarkar hanged and rest were
(1990-10) sentenced to various
punishments.
Alipur conspiracy The police raided a bomb 37 people were trailed
case factory in Calcutta and including Barindra Ghosh,
recovered live bombs (1908) HemchandraKanungo,
UllaskarDutt, UpendraNath
Banerjee.
Howrah conspiracy (1910) Jatindra Mukherjee was
case trailed.
Dacca conspiracy The member of AnusilanSamiti Pulin Behari Das gets
case (1910) rigorous imprisonment for 7
years.
Delhi conspiracy Inicident of bomb explosion Master Amirchand, Avadh
case aimed at killing Lord Hardinge Behari, Bhai Bal Mukund
(1915) were sentenced to death.
Lahore conspiracy Murder of Saunders (1929-30) Sardar Bhagat Singh,
case Rajguru and Sukhdev were
hanged to death.
Benaras conspiracy Revolutionary Activity (1915- Sachindra Chandra Sanyal
case 16) was deported to Andaman.
Victoria conspiracy Arose Public sentiments Gurutta Singh and
case against the government due to Dalipsingh were sentenced
KomagataMaru incident to 4 and 2 years
imprisonment.
Kakori Case Looted the government cash Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan
carried in a train (1925) Singh, AshfaqUllah and
RajendraLahri were
awarded death punishment.

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Punjab case Attempt on the life of the Hari Krishan was trailed
Governor of Punjab and hanged till death.

Repressive legislation to Curb revolutionary Activities

The Prevention of Seditious Meeings Act 1907

The Explosive Substances Act 1908
The Indian Criminal Law Amendment Act 1908
The Newspaper Act 1908
The press Act 1910
Multi fanged Defence of Indian Rules 1915
Rowaltt Act 1919

The first woman Governor of a State in free - Sarojini Naidu

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