Design for EQ resistance- specific rules for

design and detailing of concrete buildings

July, 2016
 Contents
• Introduction
• Specific rules for concrete buildings (M.N Fadris/ G.Tsionis)
• Design concepts for safety under design seismic action
• Control of inelastic seismic response
• Overview of EC8 seismic design of RC buildings
• Column capacity design rule in frames
• Seismic design of foundations
• Frame, wall, and dual systems
• Ductility classes DC M and DC H
• Material limitations for “primary seismic elements”
• Behavior factor
• Capacity design of members against pre-emptive shear failure
• Detailing of dissipative zones for curvature ductility factor  consistent with q-
factor
• Means of achieving  in plastic hinges
• …..

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 Introduction

• Why specific rules of design and detailing for dissipative

structures
• What are dissipative structures
• Why is energy dissipation a desirable property
• Effect of Ductility on Seismic Forces
– As an undamped elastic pendulum is deflected to the right, energy
is stored in it in the form of strain energy. The stored energy is
equal to the shaded area under the load-deflection diagram shown
in Fig. 19-3a (SNS)
– When the pendulum is suddenly released, this energy reenters the
system as velocity energy and helps drive the pendulum to the left.
– This pendulum will oscillate back- and forth along the load-
deflection diagram shown in Fig. 19-3a

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– If the pendulum were to develop a plastic hinge at the base, the

load-deflection diagram for the same lateral deflection would be as
shown in Fig 19-3b (SNS).
– Formation of plastic hinge is realized by the inelastic response in
the affected region with material properties entering the non-linear
range. This is a desirable property for energy dissipation provided it
is controlled not to end up as in unconfined core concrete in column
example shown in the slide after next.
– When this pendulum is suddenly released, only the energy
indicated by the triangle a-b-c reenters the system as velocity
energy, the rest being dissipated, primarily by crack development
and reinforcement yielding.

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Corresponding
Plastic hinge is deflection is el
el formed at this
level of lateral
load, say Pel

So, what is released on unloading

is the stored strain energy equal to The additional deflection
the shaded triangular area abc is a result of a rigid body
caused by the top deflection el. rotation of the deformed
The work done to induce the (bent) pendulum about
additional rigid body rotation equal the pole passing through
to Mplpl is dissipated through the plastic hinge w/o
yielding and cracking (rhombus
additional strain energy
area)

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– Studies of hypothetical elastic and elastic-plastic buildings

subjected to a number of different EQ records suggest that the
maximum lateral deflections of the elastic and elastic-plastic
structures are roughly the same for moderate to long period
structures.
– Since buildings are required to accommodate these maximum
lateral deflections during an EQ (displacement demand), it follows
that two otherwise identical buildings except for their ductility (e.g.
one elastic and the other elastic-plastic) would be subjected to
different magnitudes of EQ forces.
– Fig 19-4 compares the load-deflection diagrams of elastic and
elastic-plastic structures subjected to the same lateral deflection u.
– The ratio of the maximum deflection to the deflection at yielding, for
the inelastic structure, y, is called the displacement ductility ratio, 
= u/y.

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 Specific rules for concrete buildings

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• Capacity design of structures (Paulay and Priestley)-The

procedure uses the following major steps:
• 1) A kinematically admissible plastic mechanism is chosen (for
energy dissipation)
• 2) The mechanism chosen should be such that the necessary
overall displacement ductility can be developed with the smallest
inelastic rotation demands in the plastic hinges (compare fig. (a)
and the rest in the next slide- total displacement demand at the top
is  and the corresponding rotation demands are st and 
respectively-control of inelastic seismic response)
• 3) Once a suitable plastic mechanism is selected, the regions for
energy dissipation (i.e., plastic hinges) are determined with a
relatively high degree of precision.
• 4) parts of a structure intended to remain elastic in all events are
designed so that under maximum feasible actions corresponding to
overstrength in the plastic hinges, no inelastic deformations
should occur in those regions
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Columns designed to resist Rd  MRb

With axial force form seismic LC
(Exercise with Fresenay/Yissihak)

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asked by Fadris etal. Is beam resistance underestimated? (research)

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{With or w/o Rd (check with exercise)

(also S28 and S29)}

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Exercise with DCM frame

(Fresenay/Yissihak)

Exercise with DCM frame

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