LOGARITHM

x 3 x
(x) log6 2 log6 3 2 x
2x 3
log 6 x
3x 2
2x 3
6x
3x 2
8.2x x
x
3x.2x (let 3 = t)
3 2
8
t
t 2
2
8 = t –2t
2
t – 2t – 8 = 0
(t + 2)(t – 4) = 0
t = 4 (t – 2 3x cannot be negative)
x
3 =4
x = log3 4

EXERCISE # 3
1. log22a = log23 log29b = log24
log 2 4
a = log23 ………(1) b= log9 4 …………..(2)
log 2 9
ab = log23 × log94
= log23 × log 3 2 22
2
= log23 × log3 2
2
ab = 1

2. 4 log3 x 23
log3 x 8 4
4
x = 3 = 81
sum of digits = 8 + 1 = 9

x x 2
3. log10 0
5x 4
x 2 2x
100 = 1
5x 4
2
x + 2x = 5x + 4
2
x – 3x – 4 = 0

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 LOGARITHM
(x + 1) (x – 4) = 0
x = 4 ( x = –1 is out of domain)
sum = 4

4. x.xlog10 x 100000x
x x log10 x 100000 0
x 0
x log10 x 105
log10 x log10 x log10 105
log10 x.log10 x 5
2
log10 x 5
1
log10 x 52
5 5
x1 10 & x2 10
5 5
x1 x 2 10 10 100 1
3
5. log e e2 log e x 4 21nx
3
4 1nx 2 1nx
2
3
2 2 1nx 1nx
2
2
3 = 8lnx – 41n x
2
41n x – 81nx + 3 = 0
3 1
1nx = ,
2 2
3/2
x1 e & x 2 e1/2
2
Product x1x2 = e3/2 .e1/2 = e

log 2 x 2 1 log13 x 2 1
6. 1
log 2 x 2 1 .log13 x 2 1
1 1
1
log13 x 2 1 log 2 x 2 1
log x 2 1
13 log x 2 1
2 1
log x2 1
26 1
2
26 = x + 1
2
x = 25

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 149
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 LOGARITHM
x= 5
2
log7 (x + 24) = log7 (25 + 24) = log749 = 2

p p 2 2 2
7. a = 3 , c = b , 9 = b2/p b 9(p /2)
b = 3p
2 4p 3p 2
a 4 b3 34p.33p 3 4p 3p2 p3
log9 = log 9 = log 9 = log9 3
c bp 3
3p
1 4p 3p2 p3 p3 3p2 4p
log3 3 =
2 2
1 3
= , = , = 2, =0
2 2
1 3 4
Hence + + + = 0 =1+2=3
2 2 2

1
8. loga 1 1 x = loga 3 1 x
2
2
1 1 x = 3 1 x
1 + (1 + x) – 2 1 x = 3 – 1 x
2+x–3= 1 x
x–1= 1 x
2
x + 1 – 2x = 1 + x
2
x – 3x = 0
x (x –3) = 0
x = 0, 3
Both the solutions are out of domain
so number of solutions of the equation = 0

1
9. 1 log3 x 2 2 log3 x log 9 x 3
2
1 2 log3 x 4 log 3 x 3
log3 x
2 2
4 8log3 x log3 x 2log32 x 9
log32 x
2 4
8 16log3 x 2log3 x 4log32 x 9log32 x
5log32 x 18log3 x 8 0
5log32 x 20log3 x 2log3 x 8 0
5log3x (log3x –4) + 2(log3x – 4) = 0
log3x – 4 = 0 or 5log3 x + 2 = 0

H.O. 92, Rajeev Gandhi Nagar, Kota (Raj.) Mob. 97831-97831, 70732-22177, Ph. 0744-2423333 150
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 LOGARITHM
4 2
x=3 x 3 5 (Rejected LHS cannot be negative)
2 2 2 2
10. 7x 2 7x 7x 12
7x 12
0
2 2
7x 7x 12
0
2
7x 7x 12
2
x = x +12
2
x – x –12 = 0
(x + 3) (x – 4) = 0
x1 = –3 , x2 = 4
x1 + x2 = 1

n
11. x, y 2 & n I
1 + logx y = log2 y
log 2 y A B
1 log 2 y (Let x = 2 & y = 2 )
log 2 x
B
1 B
A
A + B = AB
Possible solutions are (a) A = B = 0 (Rejected x 1)
(b) A = B = 2
2 2
x=2 & y=2
x=4 & y=4
(x + y) = 8
2
12. 2 log8 n < 3
2 3
8 n2 < 8
2 2
8 n2 < 16 2

8 n < 16 2
8 n < 22.6
if n I n = {8, 9, 10………22}
no. of possible n = 15

EXERCISE # 4 (JA)
1 1
1. log3/4 log2 x 2 7 1 + log1/2 log 2 x 2 7 1 0
3 2
1 3 1 1
log3/4 log2 x 2 7 log3/4 log1/2 log2 x 2 7 log1/2 0
3 4 2 2

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