BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Senior high school

Roman Super Highway, City of Balanga, Bataan
Email Add: bnhs.shsbalangacity@gmail.com

Impact Assessment on Online Distance Learning and the Academic

Performance of Bataan National High School Senior
High School Students on Mathematics

Bataan National High School – Senior High School

Jen Charlize Villaruel, Jeremy Faye Tuyo, Jowen Fangon; Lorraine Madriaga; Jenny Pantaleon;
Ma. Chesca Tagulao; Ashlei Dayne Valencia; Lance Rainier Tibayan
jencharlizevillaruel@gmail.com; tjeremyfaye@gmail.com; jowenastics@gmail.com;
lorraineemdrg@gmail.com; jennypantaleon024@gmail.com; chescatagulao@gmail.com;
Ashleiguintovalencia@gmail.com; tibayanlancerainier@gmail.com

Introduction and adopt various distance learning modalities as

The COVID-19 pandemic did not only alter the modes of instruction due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

lives of Filipinos but the lives of every human being in The traditional mode of learning is face-to-face

the whole world. On January 22, 2021, Coronavirus learning. In accordance to The Glossary of Education

outbreak astounded the whole world. According to the Reform (2014), it is defined as any form of instructional

World Health Organization, there were 96, 267, 473 interaction that occurs “in person” and in real time

people infected by COVID-19, including 2, 082, 745 between teachers and students. The instructor and a

dead people. While there were 509, 887 Filipino people group of learners are physically present in the same

infected in the Philippines reported by the Department room. This mode of learning has been known for so

of Health in the year 2021. Moreover, the number of long.

people who get infected continues to rise and new Online learning is already being practiced prior

COVID variants are emerging to the pandemic but not fully acknowledged. Under

As per the Department of Education (2020), normal circumstances, the idea of online learning or e-

this is the first time in Philippine history that the entire learning is not generally recognized. However, the

basic education system will forego face-to-face classes inability to attend physical schools due to the threat of
 BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior high school
Roman Super Highway, City of Balanga, Bataan
Email Add: bnhs.shsbalangacity@gmail.com
contracting the virus made online distance learning the
new norm. The whole education system of the
Philippines has shifted from traditional face-to-face
classes to distance learning.
As stated in The Economic Times (2021), a
learning system based on formalized teaching but with
the use of electronic technologies is known as E-
learning. Its major component is the use of computers
and the internet as basic equipment unlike traditional
teaching that is based in or out of the classrooms. E-
learning can also be defined as transferred skills and
knowledge through the use of the internet and the
delivery of education to a large number of recipients at
any time. It may be hard to accept at first, but during
these difficult and uncertain times, it is the only option
for our current situation.
Many authors agreed that the most valuable
element of online learning is internet technology.
However, this is a hindrance to some students because
they do not have the ability to accommodate this mode
of learning. Based on the article by Santos (2020), only
a small portion of the population of the students have
access to the internet and approximately 20 percent
use computer shops or other public places to go online.
Distance learning is usually equated with
asynchronous activities such as presentations and
quizzes. Procter (2021) explained that online learning
and traditional face-to-face classes are somehow
similar to each other i.e., the teacher can present and
discuss the lessons to their students. The only
difference to traditional learning is that it is facilitated
through the use of technology.
However, it might be the sudden transition
from face-to-face classes to e-learning that could be
the reason for the change in the academic
performance of the students. In the article published
by Khalaf (2020), the most alarming things in this whole
new normal setting of learning are the challenges and
disadvantages that the universities, the professors, and
especially the students would face.
Hence, the concern of this study is to assess
online distance learning and its effect on the student’s
academic performance in Mathematics. According to
Willcox (2011), academic performance is defined as the
level of knowledge shown in an area or subject
compared to the norm. Several authors agree that
academic performance is the result of learning,
prompted by the teaching activity by the teacher and
produced by the student. Narad and Abdullah (2016)
also indicated that academic performance is the
knowledge gained which is assessed by marks by a
teacher and/or educational goals set by students and
teachers to be achieved over a specific period of time.
Similarly, Yusuf et al. (2016) opined that academic
 BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior high school
Roman Super Highway, City of Balanga, Bataan
Email Add: bnhs.shsbalangacity@gmail.com
performance is a measurable and observable behavior
of a student within a specific period.
A study conducted by Mushtaq & Khan (2012)
revealed that there are different factors affecting a
student’s academic performance. Some of them are
financial stability, learning environment, class
schedules, exam systems, and family responsibilities.
There are many factors that can affect or
disrupt the previous academic performance of a
student. Learning environment is one. It is connected
to the study because the learning environment of the
students in distance learning is different. Some
students do not have comfortable spaces to study;
some are unable to focus because of the unending
responsibilities they have at home.
Mathematics requires a different kind of focus.
According to Gunesch 2012, in mathematics,
sequential dependence is extremely high. This basically
means that students who fail to understand one
concept (definition, equation, or theorem) will have
great difficulties whenever this concept is used again.
This applies to any field of study, but the necessity to
completely understand the preceding material is
especially strong in mathematics. Hence, the effect of
attention during lectures on student understanding
should be especially strong when those lectures are
mathematics lectures.
Based on the study above, the students who
fail to comprehend and absorb the mathematics
lessons like definition, equation, and theorem may face
a serious problem in solving mathematics equations
once this lesson is used again. Understanding
mathematics concepts is a necessity to pass and to live.
Consequently, serious focus and attention is needed.
E-learning that requires hours of facing a
screen can definitely affect the attention span of
students which in turn affects their academic
performance. Even in traditional learning where the
students can clearly see their teachers, gaining and
maintaining the attention of their students have always
been difficult for teachers. In a study conducted by
Cornell University (2018), they have found out that
during lectures, the learners’ attention is diverted
every 10-20 minutes. This may become a problem as
students have gained more distractions in the online
learning setup. In addition, Holland (2020) mentioned
that, “the brain is not designed to learn from the
screen, the brain was designed to learn from human
interaction and explore the natural environment.”
Based on the study conducted by Ariyanti and
Santoso (2020), the average of mathematics learning
outcomes before online learning is greater than the
average after online learning and students’ average
positive response towards mathematics before online
 BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior high school
Roman Super Highway, City of Balanga, Bataan
Email Add: bnhs.shsbalangacity@gmail.com

learning is greater than the average after online 1. How does online learning affect the performance of the
learning. Their study aimed to determine the students in Mathematics?
differences in the students’ mathematics learning 2. How does the academic performance of the students
outcomes before and after online learning and their during online learning differ from that during on-
positive responses to this method's use. The data were campus learning?
collected from Senior High School students in Madiun 3. Is there a significant relationship between online
city, Indonesia, in May 2020, by using the distance learning and the student’s academic
documentation and questionnaire methods. There performance in Mathematics?
were two sources of data, namely mathematics Method
learning outcome and student's response using an This chapter presents the methods of research
online questionnaire. Data were used to determine the that will be centered in collecting, analyzing, and
effect of learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. interpreting data related to the study. Specifically, it
According to Ariyanti and Santoso (2020), the includes the participants, research instruments, data
academic performance of the students and their gathering procedures, and ethical considerations.
positive response is better before online learning. The Participants
study above led the researchers to conduct another The targeted respondents of the study were 12 Senior
study that specifically focuses on the subject of High School students who were enrolled at Bataan
Mathematics. National High School during the school year 2020-2021.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The respondents were selected using non-probability
The general objective of this study is to assess online purposive technique. As defined, the selection follows
distance learning and its impact on the academic some judgement or arbitrary ideas of the researchers
performance of Bataan National High School Senior looking for a kind of ‘Representative’ sample, or,
High School students on Mathematics. researchers may even explicitly seek for diversity
RESEARCH QUESTIONS (deviant case samplings); sometimes units are added
The study wants to seek the answers to the sequentially until researchers satisfied some criteria
following questions: (Joye et al., 2016). The criteria on choosing the
respondents were a) they were enrolled in online
 BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior high school
Roman Super Highway, City of Balanga, Bataan
Email Add: bnhs.shsbalangacity@gmail.com
modality, b) they are under the STEM strand. Hence, six
grade 11 and grade 12 STEM students were chosen as
respondents of the study.
Instruments
To gather the information needed, the
researchers decided to conduct a survey and divide it
into two parts. The first part of it will only ask for the
profile of the respondents; it consists of name, age, and
grade level. While the second part of the research
instrument is a set of 10 open-ended questions that’s
related to the statement of the problem of the
researchers where the respondents can express their
answers in their own ways. The researchers decided to
use questionnaires for some of the topics were
sensitive. By doing so, the respondents will be more
comfortable in answering the questions that will make
more accurate data.
These statements and questions were encoded
in a Google Forms/survey administration application
for rapid and convenient data collection. The
information gathered by the researchers will be used
as an evidence for the study and will be processed
accordingly
Data collection
Since we’re in the middle of the pandemic, the
data gathering was done online. The first step the
researchers took was to make a list of questions
connected to the researchers’ topic. After the
validation of interview questionnaires, the researchers
immediately asked for permission from their
respondents via messenger. As soon as the
respondents approved, the researchers sent the
research questions made in google form where they
can freely answer each question without any pressure.
Researchers explained the confidentiality of the
respondents will not be disclosed to the public in
conducting the interview since some topics are
sensitive. The researchers provided an online
questionnaire to the grade 11 & 12 students enrolled
in Bataan National High School. Moreover, the
researchers had a meeting in order for them to analyze
all the data gathered and collect the information
needed which is suitable and connected to the study.
Ethical Consideration
In all research projects, the protection of
human participants through the application of suitable
ethical standards is essential. Because of the in-depth
knowledge of the research process, ethical questions
have a special relevance in qualitative research. To
prevent conflict between the possible dangers of
research and the advantages of research, ethical
problems must be considered at all phases of
qualitative research Arifin (2018). For the sake of our
participants, we gave them our full respect, concern for
 BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior high school
Roman Super Highway, City of Balanga, Bataan
Email Add: bnhs.shsbalangacity@gmail.com
dignity and welfare. We make sure that our
participants are voluntarily participating and not
compulsory. An informed consent was given to them
before the data collection. So, the respondents would
be fully aware of all the aspects of our research
including the confidentiality of data obtained as well as
their anonymity.
Results and Discussion
This section presents the analysis and
interpretation of the study on the effects of online
learning in students’ performance in mathematics, the
difference of students’ academic performance before
and during online learning, and the findings if there’s a
significant relationship in students’ academic
performance in mathematics during online distance
learning following the qualitative methodology. The
content of this chapter are the responses of the
respondents gathered through survey methods.
Through questionnaires, respondents were able to
unconsciously cover the set of questions.
Problem 1: How does online learning affect the
performance of the students in Mathematics?
Focus
As stated in the previous literature, focus is a
fundamental element in learning Mathematics.
According to Gunesch 2012, _____. The researchers
are concerned about the change when it comes to the
focus and attention of the students during Math
subjects. Majority of the respondents stated that
change in the learning modality altered with their level
of attention during Math lectures. Several of them
made mention that listening to the teacher through the
gadget was less entertaining and was, in fact, more
distracting. The thought that they can freely choose to
just play games or browse the internet was tempting
according to them. Respondent A stated that they
didn’t feel that they were obligated to actually listen to
the said lectures.
Results also show that the learning
environment affects the focus of the students which
impacts their academic performance in Mathematics.
Some of them are struggling with external barriers
such as unnecessary noise and household duties as
the learning setup requires the students to stay at
home. A number of respondents emphasize the
trouble brought by unstable internet connection.
According to them, focusing on the subject was
difficult if the presentation is buffering
constantly. Most of the respondents also expressed
the difficulty in handling internal barrier they have
experienced.
From the discussions above, it implies that the
focus of the students is compromised during online
learning. It states that the students are more distracted
 BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior high school
Roman Super Highway, City of Balanga, Bataan
Email Add: bnhs.shsbalangacity@gmail.com
in this learning modality. Similar to the study
conducted by Nguyen 2020, online learning does not
provide any guarantee that students will actually pay
attention or do any work at all. Some students are
choosing to just disregard online classes and
assignments and push themselves into the apparently
unending void of what today’s excitement has
developed to be. With the tremendous cluster of
amusement choices, regular distractions, and need of
inspiration that comes with going to a school in person,
students are struggling to focus on studying
Communication
Group activities are essential not just in
students’ interactions, but with academic
performance as well. Based on the survey the
researchers conducted, more respondents say
that they find doing math group activities more
difficult because it isn’t done face-to-face but
virtually. The respondents gave some reasons
why they find it difficult. And a lot of them had
the same answer and thought. “It is hard because
we only have limited time to prepare.” “I find it
difficult because it is very hard to understand and
explain the lesson to the groupmates
virtually.” These are the frequent answers and
reasons the respondents gave.
In the discussion above, it shows the
frustration the students’ encountered in doing
math group activities. It points to the lack of good
communication as one of the major problems the
students are facing whenever there’s a group
activity. Due to the transition of face-to-face
classes to online classes, difficulty in
communication is inevitable.
Similar to the study of Lawson, M &
Curtis, D., which states that the main problem of
students as they interact in online work groups, is
ineffective communication with its group
members. The results of the survey conducted by
the researchers also indicated student’s difficult
in reaching out to their teachers. As stated by
Gunesch 2012, in mathematics, sequential
dependence is extremely high. This usually
results for the students to communicate and ask
to their teachers about the previous lessons.
Problem 2: How does the academic performance
of the students during online learning differ from
that during on-campus learning?
According to Ariyanti and Santoso (2020),
the academic performance of the students is
better before online learning. In contrast to this,
the results showed that the majority of the
 BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior high school
Roman Super Highway, City of Balanga, Bataan
Email Add: bnhs.shsbalangacity@gmail.com
respondents have an increase in their general
weighted average during the distance e-learning
as compared to face-to-face learning.
In accordance to the DepEd Order no. 31
s. 2020 issued last October 2, 2020, a new grading
system was introduced as a guide for teachers on
the assessment of student learning and on the
grading system to be adopted this school year
2020-2021. Some respondents mentioned that
their grade in Mathematics is higher during
distance learning yet they understand the lessons
better in traditional face-to-face learning. It
might be due to the change in the grading
standards.
Most of the respondents, in spite of their
improved GWA, expressed their preference to
the traditional face-to-face learning. According to
them, their numerical grades have improved but
the sense of understanding is lacking. Nearly all of
the students still preferred the traditional
learning modality.
Problem 3: Is there a significant relationship
between online distance learning and the
student’s academic performance in
Mathematics?
With reference to Narad and Abdullah (2016),
academic performance is the knowledge gained which
is assessed by marks by a teacher and/or educational
goals set by students and teachers to be achieved over
a specific period of time. In terms of numerical grade,
the survey showed that the students have better
results in Mathematic subjects during distance online
learning as compared to traditional learning.
As the learning modality in the Philippines has
shifted, a new grading system has also been
introduced. Respondents attained higher scores due to
that fact. This is supported by the statements made by
the respondents which tell that they have a better
understanding in face-to-face learning.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This study focused on assessing online distance
learning and its impact on the academic performance
of Bataan National High School Senior High School
students on Mathematics. Overall, showed that the
academic performance of the students in terms of
numerical grades have improved on the online distance
learning as compared to traditional learning. However,
the statements made by respondents emphasizing that
they have understand the lessons better from
traditional learning led the researchers to find the
reason why they still preferred face-to-face learning in
spite of their increased grades in Mathematic subjects.
 BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior high school
Roman Super Highway, City of Balanga, Bataan
Email Add: bnhs.shsbalangacity@gmail.com

The researchers found out that as the learning Pandemic: Stress, Satisfaction, and
modality has shifted from face-to-face to distance Academic Performance by Ryan Michael
online learning, the Department of Education has also Oducado, Homelo Estoque :: SSRN. SSRN.
introduced a new grading system that will serve as a https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?
guide for the teachers on assessing the academic abstract_id=3814226
performance of the students. This resulted on a change Magsambol, B. (2020, July 7). FAST FACTS:
on the academic grading standards which explains the DepEd’s distance learning. Rappler.
lack of sense of understanding of the students but they https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/t
still have an increased grades in Mathematics. hings-to-know-department-education-
In addition, the researchers used a small sample distance-learning
size for the study because of the limited time. But it is Tamm, S. (2021, April 11). What is the Definition
highly recommended to the future researchers to use a of E-Learning? E-Student. https://e-
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will be more reliable and accurate. As the study showed, Souza, N. (2014, July 30). Key differences
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learning. rendimiento escolar.
https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2015.v3n1.74
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 BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior high school
Roman Super Highway, City of Balanga, Bataan
Email Add: bnhs.shsbalangacity@gmail.com
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Senior high school
Roman Super Highway, City of Balanga, Bataan
Email Add: bnhs.shsbalangacity@gmail.com

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