What is Android?
It is an open-sourced operating system that is used primarily on mobile
devices, such as cell phones and tablets.

What is the Android Architecture?

Android Architecture is made up of 4 key components:

 Linux Kernel
 Libraries
 Android Framework
 Android Applications

What is AAPT?

 AAPT is short for Android Asset Packaging Tool. This tool provides
developers with the ability to deal with zip-compatible archives, which
includes creating, extracting as well as viewing its contents.

 What is the use of an activityCreator?

 An activityCreator is the first step towards the creation of a new
Android project. 

 Describe Activities.

 Activities are what you refer to as the window to a user interface.

What are Intents?

 Intents displays notification messages to the user from within the

Android enabled device. It can be used to alert the user of a
particular state that occurred. 

 What items are important in every Android project?

These are the essential items that are present each time an Android project
is created:

 AndroidManifest.xml
 build.xml
 bin/
 src/
 res/
 assets/
What are containers?

 Containers, as the name itself implies, holds objects and widgets

together, depending on which specific items are needed and in what
particular arrangement that is wanted. Containers may hold labels,
fields, buttons, or even child containers, as examples.

What is Orientation?

 Orientation, which can be set using setOrientation(), dictates if the

LinearLayout is represented as a row or as a column. Values are set
as either HORIZONTAL or VERTICAL.

 What is adb?

 Adb is short for Android Debug Bridge. It allows developers the

power to execute remote shell commands. Its basic function is to
allow and control communication towards and from the emulator port.

What are the four essential states of an activity?

 Active – if the activity is at the foreground

 Paused – if the activity is at the background and still visible
 Stopped – if the activity is not visible and therefore is hidden or
obscured by another activity
 Destroyed – when the activity process is killed or completed
terminated

What is the importance of settings permissions in app development?

 Permissions allow certain restrictions to be imposed primarily to

protect data and code. Without these, codes could be compromised,
resulting to defects in functionality.

What is the function of an intent filter?

 intent filters are used to filter out intents that these components are
willing to receive.

 What are the different states wherein a process is based?

There are 4 possible states:

  foreground activity
 visible activity
 background activity
 empty process

What is the AndroidManifest.xml?

 This file is essential in every application. It is declared in the root

directory and contains information about the application that the
Android system must know before the codes can be executed.

What is AIDL?

 AIDL, or Android Interface Definition Language, handles the interface

requirements between a client and a service so both can
communicate at the same level through interprocess communication
or IPC. 

What is a Fragment?

 A fragment is a part or portion of an activity.  It is modular in a sense

that you can move around or combine with other fragments in a
single activity. 

What are the core components under the Android application

architecture?

o Services: Used to perform background functionalities.

o Intent: Used to perform the interconnection between activities and the data
passing mechanism.
o Resource Externalization: strings and graphics.
o Notification: light, sound, icon, notification, dialog box and toast.
o Content Providers: It will share the data between applications.

What is an action?

In Android development, an action is what the intent sender wants to do or

expected to get as a response. Most application functionality is based on
the intended action.

What is the use of Bundle in Android?

 Bundles are used to pass the required data between various Android activities

What is an Adapter in Android?

An adapter in Android acts as a bridge between an AdapterView and the underlying

data for that view. The adapter holds the data and sends the data to the adapter
view, the view can take the data from the adapter view and shows the data on
different views like a spinner, list view, grid view, etc

What is DDMS?

DDMS(Dalvik Debug Monitor Server) is a debugging tool in the Android platform. It

gives the following list of debugging features:

 Port forwarding services.

 Thread and heap information.
 Logcat.
 Screen capture on the device.
 Network traffic tracking.

What is the life cycle of Android activity?

 OnCreate(): It is called when activity is created. Using this, the views are
created and data is collected from bundles.
 OnStart(): It is called if the activity is becoming visible to the user. It may be
succeeded by onResume() if the activity comes to the foreground, or onStop() if it
becomes hidden.
 OnResume(): It is called when the activity will start an interaction with the user.
 OnPause(): This is called when the activity is moving to the background but
hasn’t been killed yet.
 OnStop(): This is called when an activity is no longer visible to the user.
 OnDestroy(): This is called when the activity is finished or destroyed.
 OnRestart(): This is called after the activity has been stopped, prior to it being
started again.

dialog boxes 

 AlertDialog:
 DatePickerDialog:.
 TimePickerDialog:
 ProgressDialog:

 What is a Toast?
Toast is a message that pops up on the screen.

What is context?

The context in Android is the context of the current state of the application or object.

Style $ Theme

A style is a collection of attributes that specify the appearance for a single View.

A theme is a collection of attributes that's applied to an entire app, activity, or view

hierarchy—not just an individual view.

Styles and themes are declared in a style resource file in res/values/, usually

named styles.xml.

LinearLayout

A layout that arranges other views either horizontally in a single column or vertically
in a single row.

AbsoluteLayout

A layout that lets you specify exact locations (x/y coordinates) of its children. 

FrameLayout

FrameLayout is designed to block out an area on the screen to display a single item.

RelativeLayout

It is a view group that displays child views in relative positions. The position of each view
can be specified as relative to sibling elements or in positions relative to the parent area.

ContraintLayout
A ConstraintLayout is a ViewGroup which allows you to position and size widgets in a
flexible way.

Menus

Menus are a common user interface component in many types of applications. To

provide a familiar and consistent user experience, you should use the Menu APIs to
present user actions and other options in your activities.

Types of Menus

Option menu , Context menu

Grid View

Android GridView shows items in two-dimensional scrolling grid (rows & columns)

and the grid items are not necessarily predetermined but they automatically inserted
to the layout using a ListAdapter

Web View
WebView is a view that display web pages inside your application. You can also
specify HTML string and can show it inside your application using WebView.
WebView makes turns your application to a web application.

Sroll View

The android.widget.ScrollView class provides the functionality of scroll view.

ScrollView is used to scroll the child elements of palette inside ScrollView. Android
supports vertical scroll view as default scroll view. Vertical ScrollView scrolls elements
vertically.

List View

Android ListView is a view which groups several items and display them in vertical
scrollable list. The list items are automatically inserted to the list using
an Adapter that pulls content from a source such as an array or database.

RecyclerView

The RecyclerView class extends the ViewGroup class and

implements ScrollingView interface. It is introduced in Marshmallow. It is an advanced
version of the ListView with improved performance and other benefits. RecyclerView
is mostly used to design the user interface with the fine-grain control over the lists
and grids of android application.

Card View
CardView is a new widget in Android that can be used to display any sort of data
by providing a rounded corner layout along with a specific elevation. CardView is
the view that can display views on top of each other. 

Introduction of Fragment:
Android Fragment is the part of activity, it is also known as sub-activity. There can be
more than one fragment in an activity. Fragments represent multiple screen inside
one activity.

Types of Fragment

There are four types of fragments:

 ListFragment.
 DialogFragment.
 PreferenceFragment.
 WebViewFragment.

Shared Preferences

Android provides many ways of storing data of an application. One of this way is
called Shared Preferences. Shared Preferences allow you to save and retrieve data
in the form of key,value pair.

File and Directions

Android provides facility to integrate Google map in our application. Google map
displays your current location, navigate location direction, search location etc. We
can also customize Google map according to our requirement.

SQLiteDatabase

In Android, the SQLiteDatabase namespace defines the functionality to connect

and manage a database. It provides functionality to create, delete, manage and
display database content.

Content URL

A content URI is a URI that identifies data in a provider. Content URIs include the
symbolic name of the entire provider (its authority) and a name that points to a table
(a path).

Content Reslover

The Content Resolver is the single, global instance in your application that
provides access to your (and other applications') content providers. ... This
design is important, as it allows a simple and secure means of accessing other
applications' Content Providers.

Content Provider

A content provider manages access to a central repository of data. You implement a

provider as one or more classes in an Android application, along with elements in the
manifest file.

AsyncTasks

AsyncTask is an abstract class, which means you must subclass it in order to use
it.

Json pasring

JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation.It is an independent data exchange

format and is the best alternative for XML. This chapter explains how to parse the
JSON file and extract necessary information from it.

Telephony api

The android.telephony.TelephonyManager class provides information about the

telephony services such as subscriber id, sim serial number, phone network type etc.
Moreover, you can determine the phone state etc.

Goggle api

Google APIs are application programming interfaces (APIs) developed by Google

which allow communication with Google Services and their integration to
other services. ... Third-party apps can use these APIs to take advantage of or
extend the functionality of the existing services.