Classical Mechanics Solutions: X KX V V

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Institute for NET/JRF, GATE, IIT‐JAM, JEST, TIFR and GRE in PHYSICAL SCIENCES

CLASSICAL MECHANICS SOLUTIONS
GATE- 2010
Q1. For the set of all Lorentz transformations with velocities along the x-axis consider the two
statements given below:
P: If L is a Lorentz transformation then, L-1 is also a Lorentz transformation.
Q: If L1 and L2 are Lorentz transformations then, L1L2 is necessarily a Lorentz
transformation.
Choose the correct option
(A) P is true and Q is false (B) Both P and Q are true
(C) Both P and Q are false (D) P is false and Q is true
Ans: (b)
1 2 λ 3
Q2. A particle is placed in a region with the potential V (x ) = kx − x , where k, λ > 0.
2 3
Then,
k
(A) x = 0 and x = are points of stable equilibrium
λ
k
(B) x = 0 is a point of stable equilibrium and x = is a point of unstable equilibrium
λ
k
(C) x = 0 and x = are points of unstable equilibrium
λ
(D) There are no points of stable or unstable equilibrium
Ans: (b)
1 2 λx 3 ∂V k
Solution: V = kx − ⇒ = kx − λx 2 = 0 ⇒ x = 0, x = .
2 3 ∂x λ
∂ 2V
⇒ = k − 2λx
∂x 2
∂ 2V k ∂ 2V
⇒ At x = 0, = + ve (Stable) and ⇒ At x = , = −ve (unstable)
∂x 2 λ ∂x 2

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Q3. A π meson at rest decays into two photons, which move along the x-axis. They are both
detected simultaneously after a time, t = 10s. In an inertial frame moving with a velocity
V = 0.6c in the direction of one of the photons, the time interval between the two
detections is
(A) 15 s (B) 0 s (C) 10 s (D) 20 s
Ans: (a)
v v
1+ 1−
c 1 + 0.6 c
Solution: t1 = t 0 = 10 = 10 × 2 = 20sec , t 2 = t 0
v 1 − 0.6 v
1− 1+
c c
1 − 0.6 1
= 10 = 10 × = 5sec
1 + 0.6 2
⇒ t1 − t 2 = 15sec
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 4 and 5:
1 2 2
The Lagrangian for a simple pendulum is given by L = ml θ − mgl (1 − cos θ )
2
Q4. Hamilton’s equations are then given by
pθ pθ
(A) pθ = −mgl sin θ ; θ = (B) pθ = mgl sin θ ; θ =
ml 2 ml 2
pθ ⎛g⎞ pθ
(C) pθ = −mθ ; θ = (D) pθ = −⎜ ⎟θ ; θ=
m ⎝l⎠ ml
Ans: (b)
Pθ2 ∂H ∂H P
Solution: H = + mgl (1 − cos θ ) ⇒ = −Pθ ⇒ Pθ = mglsin θ; = θ ⇒ θ = θ 2 .Q5. The
2ml 2
∂θ ∂Pθ ml
Poisson bracket between θ and θ is
{ }
(A) θ ,θ = 1 { }
(B) θ ,θ =
1
ml 2
{ }
(C) θ ,θ =
1
m
{ }
(D) θ ,θ =
g
l
Ans: (b)





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{ } ⎧ P ⎫ P 1 ⎛ ∂θ ∂θ
θ ,θ = ⎨θ , θ 2 ⎬ where θ = θ 2 . ⇒ 2 ⎜⎜ −
∂θ ∂Pθ ⎞ 1 1
⎟⎟ = 1 ⋅ 2 − 0 = 2 .
⎩ ml ⎭ ml ml ⎝ ∂θ ∂Pθ ∂Pθ ∂θ ⎠ ml ml
GATE- 2011
1+ q
Q6. A particle is moving under the action of a generalized potential V (q, q ) = . The
q2
magnitude of the generalized force is

2(1 + q ) 2(1 − q ) 2 q
(A) (B) (C) (D)
q3 q3 q3 q3
Ans: (c)
d ⎛ ∂V ⎞ ∂V 2
Solution: ⎜ ⎟− = Fq ⇒ Fq = 3 .
dt ⎝ ∂q ⎠ ∂q q
Q7. Two bodies of mass m and 2m are connected by a spring constant k. The frequency of the
normal mode is
(A) 3k / 2m (B) k/m (C) 2k / 3m (D) k / 2m
Ans: (a)
k k 3k 2mm 2m
Solution: m k
2m ω = = = where reduce mass μ = = .
μ 2m 2m 2m + m 3
3
Q8. Let (p, q) and (P, Q) be two pairs of canonical variables. The transformation
Q = q α cos(βp ) , P = q α sin(βp )
is canonical for
(A) α = 2, β = 1/2 (B) α = 2, β =2 (C) α = 1, β = 1 (D) α = 1/2, β = 2
Ans: (d)
∂Q ∂P ∂Q ∂P
Solution: ⋅ − ⋅ =1
∂q ∂p ∂p ∂q
⇒ αq α −1 cos(βp ) × q α β cos(βp ) − q α β (− sin (βp )) × αq α −1 sin (βp ) = 1
αq 2α −1 β (cos 2 βp + sin 2 βp ) = 1 ⇒ αβq 2α −1 = 1 ⇒ α = , β = 2 .

1
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Q9. Two particles each of rest mass m collide head-on and stick together. Before collision, the
speed of each mass was 0.6 times the speed of light in free space. The mass of the final
entity is
(A) 5m / 4 (B) 2m (C) 5m / 2 (D) 25 m / 8
Ans: (c)
Solution: From conservation of energy
mc 2 mc 2 2mc 2
+ = m1c 2 ⇒ = m1c 2
2
v2
v2
v
1− 1− 1−
c2 c2 c2
Since v = 0.6c ⇒ m1 = 5m / 2
GATE- 2012
Q10. In a central force field, the trajectory of a particle of mass m and angular momentum L in
plane polar coordinates is given by,
1 m
= (1 + ε cos θ )
r L2
where, ε is the eccentricity of the particle’s motion. Which one of the following choice
for ε gives rise to a parabolic trajectory?
(a) ε = 0 (b) ε = 1 (c) 0 < ε < 1 (d) ε > 1
Ans: (b)
l m
Solution: = (1 + ε cos θ ) for parabolic trajectory ε = 1 .
r l2
Q11. A particle of unit mass moves along the x-axis under the influence of a potential,
V ( x ) = x( x − 2) . The particle is found to be in stable equilibrium at the point x = 2. The
2
time period of oscillation of the particle is

π 3π
(a) (b) π (c) (d) 2π
2 2
Ans: (b)





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∂V 2
V ( x ) = x( x − 2 ) ⇒ = ( x − 2 ) + 2 x( x − 2 ) = 0 ⇒ x = 2, x =
2 2
∂x 3
∂ 2V ∂ 2V
= 2( x − 2 )2
+ 2( x − 2 ) + 2 x ⇒ = 2× 2 = 4
∂x 2 ∂x 2
∂ 2V 2π
⇒ω = ⇒ω = =2 ⇒T =π .
∂x 2 x=2
T
Q12. A rod of proper length l0 oriented parallel to the x-axis moves with speed 2c/3 along the
x-axis in the S-frame, where c is the speed of the light in free space. The observer is also
moving along the x-axis with speed c/2 with respect to the S-frame. The length of the rod
as measured by the observer is
(a) 0.35l0 (b) 0.48l0 (c) 0.87l0 (d) 0.97l0
Ans: (d)
u2x
Solution: l = l0 1 − = 0.97 l0
c2
Q13. A particle of mass m is attached to fixed point O by a weightless inextensible string of
length a. It is rotating under the gravity as shown in the figure. The
z
Lagrangian of the particle is
θ
1
( )
L(θ , φ ) = ma 2 θ 2 + sin 2 θφ 2 − mga cos θ where θ and φ are the
2 aθ
polar angles. The Hamiltonian of the particles is m
1 ⎛ 2 pφ2 ⎞ g
(a) H = ⎜ pθ + ⎟ − mga cos θ (b)
2ma 2 ⎜ sin 2
θ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
1 ⎛ 2 pφ2 ⎞
H= ⎜ pθ + ⎟ + mga cosθ
2ma 2 ⎜ sin 2
θ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
(c) H =
1
2ma 2
( pθ2 + pφ2 ) − mga cos θ (d) H =
1
2ma 2
( pθ2 + pφ2 ) + mga cos θ
Ans: (b)





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Solution: H = Pθθ + Pφφ − L = Pθ θ + Pφ φ − ma 2 θ 2 + sin 2 θφ 2 + mga cos θ
2
( )
∂L P ∂L Pφ
= Pθ ⇒ ma 2 θ = Pθ ⇒ θ = θ 2 and Pφ = = ma 2 sin 2 θφ ⇒ φ =
∂θ ma ∂φ ma 2 sin 2 θ
Put the value of θ and φ
⎛ 2
⎞ ⎞⎟
2
2 ⎛
Pθ Pφ 1 2 ⎜ ⎛ Pθ ⎞
Pφ
H = Pθ × + Pφ × − − ma ⎜ ⎟ + sin θ ⎜⎜ ⎟ + mga cosθ
ma 2 ma 2 sin 2 θ 2 ⎜ ⎝ ma 2 ⎠ ⎝ ma 2 sin 2 θ ⎟⎠ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Pθ2 Pθ2 Pφ2 Pφ2

H= − + − + mga cosθ
ma 2 2ma 2 ma 2 sin 2 θ 2ma 2 sin 2 θ
1 ⎛ 2 Pθ2 ⎞
H= ⎜ Pθ + ⎟ + mga cos θ
2ma 2 ⎜ sin 2 θ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Statement for Linked Answer Questions 14 and 15:

Q14. A particle of mass m slides under the gravity without friction along the parabolic path
y = ax 2 axis shown in the figure. Here a is a constant.
y
x
The Lagrangian for this particle is given by
m(1 + 4a 2 x 2 )x 2 − mgax 2
1 2 1
(a) L = mx − mgax 2 (b) L =
2 2
(c) L =
1 2
2
mx + mgax 2 (d) L =
1
2
( )
m 1 + 4a 2 x 2 x 2 + mgax 2
Ans: (d)





fiziks

1
Solution: Equation of constrain is given by y = ax 2 , K.E T = m ( x 2 + y 2 )
2
1 1
y = 2axx ⇒ T = m ( x 2 + 4ax 2 x 2 ) = mx 2 (1 + 4ax 2 )
2 2
V = − mgy = − mgax 2 . Since particle is moving downward direction so potential V is
negative.
∵ L = T −V ⇒ L =
1
2
( )
m 1 + 4a 2 x 2 x 2 + mgax 2
Q15. The Lagrange’s equation of motion of the particle for above question is given by
(a) x = 2 gax (b) m (1 + 4a 2 x 2 ) x = −2mgax − 4ma 2 xx 2
( )
(c) m 1 + 4a 2 x 2 x = 2mgax + 4ma 2 xx 2 (d) x = −2 gax
Ans: (c)
d ⎛ dL ⎞ dL
Solution: ⎜ ⎟= ⇒ m(1 + 4a 2 x 2 ) x = 4ma 2 xx 2 + 2mgax
dt ⎝ dx ⎠ dx
GATE- 2013
Q16. In the most general case, which one of the following quantities is NOT a second order
tensor?
(a) Stress (b) Strain
(c) Moment of inertia (d) Pressure
Ans: (b)
Solution: Strain is not a tensor.
Q17. An electron is moving with a velocity of 0.85c in the same direction as that of a moving
photon. The relative velocity of the electron with respect to photon is
(a) c (b) − c
(c) 0.15c (d) − 0.15c
Ans: (b)





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Q18. The Lagrangian of a system with one degree of freedom q is given by L = αq 2 + βq 2 ,
where α and β are non-zero constants. If p q denotes the canonical momentum
conjugate to q then which one of the following statements is CORRECT?

(a) p q = 2 β q and it is a conserved quantity.
(b) p q = 2 β q and it is not a conserved quantity.
(c) p q = 2α q and it is a conserved quantity.
(d) p q = 2αq and it is not a conserved quantity.
Ans: (d)
∂L ∂L
Solution: = pq but ≠0
∂q ∂q
Q19. The relativistic form of Newton’s second law of motion is
mc dv m c 2 − v 2 dv
(a) F = (b) F =
c 2 − v 2 dt c dt
mc 2 dv c 2 − v 2 dv
(c) F = (d) F = m
c 2 − v 2 dt c2 dt
Ans:
mv dP dv 1 ⎛ 1⎞ 1 −2v dv
Solution: P = ⇒F= =m ⋅ + mv ⎜ − ⎟ ⋅ 3/ 2
⋅ 2
v2 dt dt v2 ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎛ v2 ⎞ c dt
1− 1− 2 ⎜ 1− 2 ⎟
c2 c ⎝ c ⎠
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⎜ v 2 ⎟
2 ⎜ 2 ⎟
dv 1 ⎜ 1 dv ⎜ 1− v ⎟
⇒F =m 1+ c ⎟=m 2c 2
⎜ ⎟
v 2 ⎜ 2 ⎛1 − v ⎞ ⎟ dt ⎜ ⎛ v 2 ⎞ 3 2
2
dt ⎟
1 − 2 ⎜⎜ ⎜ ⎟
2 ⎟⎟
c ⎝ ⎝ c ⎠⎠ ⎜ ⎜1 − c 2 ⎟ ⎟
⎝⎝ ⎠ ⎠





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Q20. Consider two small blocks, each of mass M, attached to two identical springs. One of the
springs is attached to the wall, as shown in the figure. The spring constant of each spring
is k . The masses slide along the surface and the friction is negligible. The frequency of
one of the normal modes of the system is,
3+ 2 k
(a)
2 M
3+ 3 k
(b)
2 M
k k
3+ 5 k M M
(c)
2 M
3+ 6 k
(d)
2 M
Ans: (c)
1 2 1 2
Solution: T = mx1 + mx 2 ,
2 2
V =
1 2 1
2
1 1 1
(
kx1 + k ( x 2 − x1 ) = kx12 + k x 22 + x12 − 2 x 2 x1 = k 2 x 2 + x 2 − 2 x 2 x1
2
2
2 2 2
) ( )
⎛m 0 ⎞ ⎛ 2k −k ⎞
T =⎜ ⎟; V = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 0 m⎠ ⎝ −k k ⎠
2k − ω 2 m −k 3+ 5 k
= 0 ⇒ ( 2 k − ω 2 m )( k − ω 2 m ) − k 2 = 0 ⇒ ω =
−k k −ω m2
2 m
GATE- 2014
Q21. If the half-life of an elementary particle moving with speed 0.9c in the laboratory frame is
5 × 10 −8 s, then the proper half-life is _______________ ×10 −8 s. c = 3 × 10 8 m / s ( )
Ans: 2.18





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t0 v2
Solution: t = , t0 = t × 1 − 2 = t0 = 5 × 10 −8 × .19 ⇒ 2.18 ×10−8 s
v2 c
1−
c2
Q22. Two masses m and 3m are attached to the two ends of a massless spring with force
constant K . If m = 100 g and K = 0.3 N / m , then the natural angular frequency of
oscillation is ________ Hz .
Ans: 0.318
1 k m1.m2 3m.m 3m 4k
Solution: f = μ= = = ω= = 2 = 0.318 Hz
2π μ m1 + m2 4m 4 3m
Q23. The Hamilton’s canonical equation of motion in terms of Poisson Brackets are
(a) q = {q, H }; p = {p, H } (b) q = {H , q}; p = {H , p}
(c) q = {H , p}; p = {H , p} (d) q = {p, H }; p = {q, H }

Ans: (a)
df ∂f ∂q ∂f ∂p ∂f
Solution: = . + . +
dt ∂q ∂t ∂p ∂t ∂t
df ∂f ∂H ∂f ∂H ∂f df ∂f
= . − . + ⇒ = { f , H} +
dt ∂q ∂p ∂p ∂q ∂t dt ∂t
dq dp
= {q, H } and = { p, H }
dt dt
Q24. A bead of mass m can slide without friction along a mass less rod kept at 45 o with the
vertical as shown in the figure. The rod is rotating about the vertical axis with a constant
angular speed ω . At any instant r is the distance of the bead from the origin. The
ẑ
momentum conjugate to r is
ω
(a) mr
1
(b) mr
2
1 m
(c) mr
2 45 o
r
(d) 2mr
x̂





fiziks

Ans: (a)
1
Solution: L = m(r 2 + r 2θ 2 + r 2 sin 2 θφ 2 ) − mgr cos θ
2
π
equation of constrain is θ = and it is given φ = ω
4
1 1 1
L= m( r 2 + r 2 ω 2 ) − mgr
2 2 2
∂L
the momentum conjugate to r is p r = = p r = mr
∂r
Q25. A particle of mass m is in a potential given by
a ar02
V (r ) = − +
r 3r 3
when a and r0 are positive constants. When disturbed slightly from its stable equilibrium
position it undergoes a simple harmonic oscillation. The time period of oscillation is
3 3
mr03 m r0 2m r0 mr03
(a) 2π (b) 2π (c) 2π (d) 4π
2a a a a
Ans: (a)
a ar02 ∂V a 3ar02
Solution: V ( r ) = − + 3 for equilibrium = − =0 r = ± r0
r 3r ∂r r 2 3r 4
∂ 2V 2a 4ar02 2a 4ar02 2a
=− 3 + 5 =− 3 + 5 = 3
∂r 2 r r r0
r0 r0 r0
∂ 2V
∂r 2 mr03
ω= ⇒ T = 2π
r0
m 2a
Q26. A planet of mass m moves in a circular orbit of radius r0 in the gravitational potential
k
V (r ) = − , where k is a positive constant. The orbit angular momentum of the planet is
r
(a) 2r0 km (b) 2r0 km (c) r0 km (d) r0 km
Ans: (d)





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J 2
k dVeffect J 2
k
Solution: Veffctive = 2
− ⇒ = − 3 + 2 =0 at r = r0
2mr r dr mr r
so J = r0 km
Q27. Given that the linear transformation of a generalized coordinate q and the corresponding
momentum p ,
Q = q + 4ap
P = q + 2p
is canonical, the value of the constant a is _________________
Ans: 0.5
∂Q ∂P ∂Q ∂P
Solution: . − . = 0 ⇒ 1.2 − 4a.1 = 0 ⇒ a = 0.5
∂q ∂p ∂p ∂q
p2 α q2
Q28. The Hamiltonian of particle of mass m is given by H = − .which one of the
2m 2
following figure describes the motion of the particle in phase space?
(a) (b)
p p
q q
(c) (d)
p p
q q
Ans: (d)





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GATE- 2015
Q29. A satellite is moving in a circular orbit around the Earth. If T ,V and E are its average
kinetic, average potential and total energies, respectively, then which one of the
following options is correct?
(a) V = −2T ; E = −T (b) V = −T ; E = 0
T T − 3T −T
(c) V = − ;E = (d) V = ;E =
2 2 2 2
Ans.: (a)
n +1
Solution: From Virial theorem T = V where V ∝ r n +1
2
−k 1
∵V = ⇒ V ∝ ⇒ n = −2 ⇒ V = −2 T
r r
Q30. In an inertial frame S , two events A and B take place at (ct A = 0, rA = 0) and
(ct B = 0, rB = 2 yˆ ) , respectively. The times at which these events take place in a frame
S ′ moving with a velocity 0.6cyˆ with respect to S are given by
3
(a) ct ′A = 0; ct B′ = − (b) ct ′A = 0; ct ′B = 0
2
3 1
(c) ct ′A = 0; ct B′ = (d) ct ′A = 0; ct B′ =
2 2
Ans.: (a)
Solution: Velocity of S ' with respect to S is v = .6c
v
tA − y
t A' = c2 for event A t A = 0, y = 0 so ct A' = 0
v2
1− 2
c
v
tB − y
c2 3
t B' = for event B t B = 0, y = 2 so ct B' = −
v2 2
1− 2
c





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Q31. The Lagrangian for a particle of mass m at a position r moving with a velocity v is given
m
by L = v 2 + Cr .v − V (r ) , where V (r ) is a potential and C is a constant. If pc is the
2
canonical momentum, then its Hamiltonian is given by
1 1
(a) ( pc + Cr )2 + V (r ) (b) ( pc − Cr )2 + V (r )
2m 2m
pc2 1 2
(c) + V (r ) (d) pc + C 2 r 2 + V (r )
2m 2m
Ans.: (b)
m 2
Solution: L = v + Cr.v − V ( r ) where v = r
2
m 2
H = ∑ r pc − L = rpc − L where L = r + Cr.r − V ( r )
2
∂L p − Cr
⇒ = pc = ( mr + Cr ) ⇒ r = c
∂r m
2
⎛ p − Cr ⎞ m ⎛ pc − Cr ⎞ ⎛ pc − Cr ⎞
⇒ H =⎜ c ⎟ pc − ⎜ ⎟ − cr ⎜ ⎟ +V (r )
⎝ m ⎠ 2⎝ m ⎠ ⎝ m ⎠
2
⎛ p − Cr ⎞ m ⎛ pc − Cr ⎞
⇒ H =⎜ c ⎟ ( pc − Cr ) − ⎜ ⎟ +V (r )
⎝ m ⎠ 2⎝ m ⎠
( p − Cr ) ( p − Cr )
2 2
1
+V (r ) ( pc − Cr ) + V ( r )
2
⇒H = c − c ⇒H =
m 2m 2m
Q32. The Hamiltonian for a system of two particles of masses m1 and m2 at r1 and r2 having
1 1 C
velocities v1 and v2 is given by H = m1v12 + m2v22 + zˆ ⋅ ( r1 × r2 ) , wrong where
( r1 − r2 )
2
2 2
C is constant. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) The total energy and total momentum are conserved
(b) Only the total energy is conserved
(c) The total energy and the z - component of the total angular momentum are conserved
(d) The total energy and total angular momentum are conserved
Ans.: (c)





fiziks

Solution: Lagrangian is not function of time so energy is conserve and component of ( r1 × r2 ) are
Only in ẑ direction means potential is symmetric under φ so Lz is conserve.
Q33. A particle of mass 0.01 kg falls freely in the earth’s gravitational field with an initial
velocity (0) = 10ms −1 . If the air exerts a frictional force of the form, f = −kv , then for
k = 0.05 Nm −1 s , the velocity (in ms −1 ) at time t = 0.2 s is _________ (upto two decimal
places). (use g = 10 ms −2 and e = 2.72 )

Ans.: Data given is incorrect
u 0.2
dv dv k dv dv
Solution: m = mg − kv ⇒ =g− v ⇒ = dt ⇒ ∫ = ∫ dt
dt dt m k k
g− v 10 g− v 0
m m
u
m⎡ ⎡ k ⎤⎤ m ⎧⎡ ⎛ k ⎞⎤ ⎛ 10k ⎞ ⎫
⇒ − ⎢ ln ⎢ g − v ⎥ ⎥ = [t ]0 ⇒ − ⎨ ⎢ln ⎜ g − u ⎟ ⎥ − ln ⎜ g −
0.2
⎟ ⎬ = 0.2
k ⎣ ⎣ m ⎦ ⎦10 k ⎩⎣ ⎝ m ⎠⎦ ⎝ m ⎠⎭
m⎧ ⎛ 0.05 ⎞ ⎛ .05 ⎞ ⎫
⇒− ⎨ln ⎜10 − u ⎟ − ln ⎜10 − 10 × ⎟ ⎬ = 0.2
k⎩ ⎝ 0.01 ⎠ ⎝ .01 ⎠ ⎭
m
⇒−
k
{ln (10 − 5u ) − ln ( −40 )} = 0.2
∵ ln ( −40 ) can not be defined. So given data are not correct.
Q34. Consider the motion of the Sun with respect to the rotation of the Earth about its axis. If
Fc and FCo denote the centrifugal and the Coriolis forces, respectively, acting on the
Sun, then
(a) Fc is radially outward and FCo = Fc
(b) Fc is radially inward and FCo = −2 Fc
(c) Fc is radially outward and FCo = −2 Fc
(d) Fc is radially outward and FCo = 2 Fc

Ans.: (b)





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Q35. A particle with rest mass M is at rest and decays into two particles of equal rest masses
3
M which move along the z axis. Their velocities are given by
10
(a) v1 = v 2 = (0.8c )zˆ (b) v1 = −v 2 = (0.8c )zˆ
(c) v1 = −v 2 = (0.6c )zˆ (d) v1 = (0.6c )zˆ; v 2 = (− 0.8c )zˆ
Ans.: (b)
3 3
Solution: M→ M+ M
10 10
From momentum conservation
0 = P1 + P 2 ⇒ P1 = − P 2 ⇒ P1 = P2
From energy conservation E = E1 + E2
3 Mc 2 3 Mc 2 3 Mc 2
⇒ Mc 2 = + ⇒ Mc 2 =
10 v 2 10 v2 5 v2
1− 2 1− 2 1− 2
c c c
⎛ v2 ⎞ 9 v 2 16
⎜1 − 2 ⎟ = ⇒ 2 = ⇒ v = 0.8c
⎝ v ⎠ 25 v 25
GATE-2016
Q36. The kinetic energy of a particle of rest mass m0 is equal to its rest mass energy. Its
momentum in units of m0 c , where c is the speed of light in vacuum, is _______.

(Give your answer upto two decimal places
Ans. : 1.73
m0c 2
Solution: = 2m0 c 2 ⇒ E
2
v
1−
c2
E 2 = p 2 c 2 + m02 c 4 ⇒ 4m02c 4 − m02c 4 = p 2 c 2 ⇒ p = 3m0 c = 1.732m0 c





fiziks

Q37. In an inertial frame of reference S , an observer finds two events occurring at the same
time at coordinates x1 = 0 and x 2 = d A different inertial frame S ′ moves with velocity
v with respect to S along the positive x -axis. An observer in S ′ also notices these two
events and finds them to occur at times t1′ and t 2′ and at positions x1′ and x2′ respectively.
1
If Δt ′ = t 2′ − t1′ , Δx ′ = x 2′ − x1′ and γ = , which of the following statements is true?
v2
1− 2
c
d
(a) Δt ′ = 0, Δx ′ = γd (b) Δt ′ = 0, Δx ′ =
γ
− γvd − γvd d
(c) Δt ′ = , Δx ′ = γd (d) Δt ′ = , Δx ′ =
c2 c 2
γ
Ans.: (c)
⎛ vx ⎞ ⎛ vx ⎞
⎜ t2 − 22 ⎟ ⎜ t1 − 21 ⎟
Solution: t2' − t1' = ⎜ c ⎟−⎜ c ⎟ ⇒ Δt ' = γΔt − γ vΔx it is given Δt = 0, Δx = d
⎜ v2 ⎟ ⎜ v2 ⎟ c2
⎜⎜ 1 − 2 ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ 1 − 2 ⎟⎟
⎝ c ⎠ ⎝ c ⎠
γ vΔx
⇒ Δt ' = −
c2
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
x − vt2 ⎟ − ⎜ x1 − vt1
x2 − x1 = ⎜ 2
' ' ⎟ ⇒ Δx ' = γ ( Δx − vΔt ) it is given Δt = 0, Δx = d
⎜ v2 ⎟ ⎜ v2 ⎟
⎜⎜ 1 − 2 ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ 1 − 2 ⎟⎟
⎝ c ⎠ ⎝ c ⎠
⇒ Δx ' = γ d
Q38. The Lagrangian of a system is given by
L=
1 2 2
2
[ ]
ml θ + sin 2 θϕ 2 − mgl cos θ , where m, l and g are constants.
Which of the following is conserved?

ϕ ϕ
(a) ϕ sin 2 θ (b) ϕ sin θ (c) (d)
sin θ sin 2 θ





fiziks

Ans.: (a)
∂L
Solution: ϕ is cyclic coordinate so = pϕ ⇒ ml 2 sin 2 ϕ is constant hence m, l and g are
∂ϕ
constants. Then ϕ sin 2 θ

Q39. A particle of rest mass M is moving along the positive x -direction. It decays into two
photons γ 1 and γ 2 as shown in the figure. The energy of γ 1 is 1 GeV and the energy of
GeV
γ 2 is 0.82 GeV . The value of M (in units of ) is ________. (Give your answer
c2
γ1
upto two decimal places)
M 450
600
γ2
Ans.: 1.40
Solution: p 2 c 2 + M 2 c 4 = E1 + E2 = 1.82GeV
E1 E 1GeV 1 .82GeV 1 1.11GeV

p= cos θ1 + 2 cos θ 2 = + =
c c c 2 c 2 c
⇒ p 2 c 2 + m 2c 4 = 3.312
⇒ m 2 c 4 = 3.312 − 1.21 = 2.077

⇒ m = 2.076 = 1.40






Classical Mechanics Solutions: X KX V V

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fiziks

Poisson bracket between θ and θ is

magnitude of the generalized force is

⇒ αq α −1 cos(βp ) × q α β cos(βp ) − q α β (− sin (βp )) × αq α −1 sin (βp ) = 1

αq 2α −1 β (cos 2 βp + sin 2 βp ) = 1 ⇒ αβq 2α −1 = 1 ⇒ α = , β = 2 .

time period of oscillation of the particle is

polar angles. The Hamiltonian of the particles is m

Put the value of θ and φ

Pθ2 Pθ2 Pφ2 Pφ2

Statement for Linked Answer Questions 14 and 15:

V = − mgy = − mgax 2 . Since particle is moving downward direction so potential V is

conjugate to q then which one of the following statements is CORRECT?

(b) p q = 2 β q and it is not a conserved quantity.

(c) p q = 2α q and it is a conserved quantity.

(d) p q = 2αq and it is not a conserved quantity.

(c) q = {H , p}; p = {H , p} (d) q = {p, H }; p = {q, H }

C is constant. Which one of the following statements is correct?

Only in ẑ direction means potential is symmetric under φ so Lz is conserve.

places). (use g = 10 ms −2 and e = 2.72 )

(b) Fc is radially inward and FCo = −2 Fc

(c) Fc is radially outward and FCo = −2 Fc

(d) Fc is radially outward and FCo = 2 Fc

momentum in units of m0 c , where c is the speed of light in vacuum, is _______.

Which of the following is conserved?

constants. Then ϕ sin 2 θ

E1 E 1GeV 1 .82GeV 1 1.11GeV

⇒ m 2 c 4 = 3.312 − 1.21 = 2.077

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