Chapter two

Laith Batarseh
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2.1.2 General Vector Relationship of Fluid Flow

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2.2 FRANCIS TURBINE

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2.2.1 Components of a Francis Turbine

1. Spiral Casing
• The purpose of the spiral casing is to distribute water
uniformly along the outer circumference of the guide
vane ring at a constant velocity
• This casing is also known as scroll casing
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2. Stay Ring
The stay ring consists of upper and lower ring plates to which stay vanes
are welded and its used to steering the flow to the guide vanes.
3. Adjustable Guide Vanes (Wicket Gates)
• Are movable blades
• A set of 8 to 20 blades are typically used
• All the blades are connected with a linkage and move together
• The purpose of the guide vanes is to guide the flow from the scroll
case into the runner with a desired level of velocity.
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Guide Vanes
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4. Turbine Runner
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5. Draft Tube
The draft tube is thus a conduit attachment to the turbine exit to achieve
the following benefits:
(a) To enable the turbine to be set up at an elevation higher than the
tailwater level
(b) To utilise a major part of the kinetic energy of the water exiting the
turbine
6. Governor
The turbine governor is a system that regulates the inflow of water into a
turbine
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2.3 WORKING PROPORTIONS OF A FRANCIS TURBINE

2.3.1 Shape and Working Proportions
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1. Relative Guide Vane Passage Size (n)

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End of the chapter