PRESENTATION ON PIPE FITTINGS

Presented by: VADODARA TEAM (VD, KZ, VP, MD, UJ & RJ)
 INDEX
Sr. Slide Sr. Slide
Description Description
No. No. No. No.
1. What is Pipe Fitting? 3 14. Schedule 21
2. Types of Pipe Fitting 4 15. Specification for Fittings 22-23
3. Introduction to Manufacturing Process 5 16. Dimension Standards 24-25
4. Introduction of Mandrel Method 6-7 17. Butt Weld Ends as per B16.25 26
(Hot Forming-Elbow)
5. Hot Forming Method (Elbow) 8 18. Butt Weld- Elbow, Reducing Elbow, 27-38
Pipe Bend, 180 Returns Bend, TEE,
6. Extrusion Method (Elbow & Tee) 9 -11
Lateral TEE, Cross, Reducers, Stub
7. Hydraulic Bulge Method (Tee) 12-13 End
Outer Die Method (Reducer) Socket Weld & Threaded End Fittings 39-44
8. 14-15 19.
As per B16.11
9. Deep Drawing Method (Cap) 16 20. Pipe Nipples 45-46
10. Flaring Method (Stub End) 17 21. Eccentric & Concentric Swage Nipples 47-48
11. UO Method (Welded Fittings) 18 22. Olets 49-58
Introduction to Butt-Weld Fittings 19 23. Silent Features For the Inspection of
12. 59-62
Fittings
13. Introduction to Socket Weld & 20
Threaded End Fittings
 WHAT IS PIPE FITTING?

• Pipe Fittings are Piping component that helps in Changes the direction of the flow. such as elbows, tees.
• Changes the size of pipe such as reducers, reducing tees.
• Connect different components such as couplings and stop the flows such as Caps.
• A butt weld pipe fitting is designed to be welded on site at its end(s) to connect pipe(s) together and allow
change in direction or pipe diameter, or branching or ending. This fitting then becomes part of a system for
transporting fluids (oil, gas, steam, chemicals, …) in a safe and efficient manner, over short or long
distances. Other types of fittings can be threaded or socket welded. Butt weld fittings are much like what
their name suggests: the fittings are welded directly to the pipes.
• Fittings are sometimes thicker than their connecting pipes to meet performance requirements or due to
manufacturing reasons. Due to fitting geometry, stress is very different when compared to a pipe. Using
extra material is often necessary to compensate for such additional stress, especially for tees and tight
curve elbows.
• Smoother curves are often used for applications with higher pressure, abrasion or corrosion.
 TYPES OF PIPE FITTING

• Elbow, (Seamless/Welded) • Plug (Forged)

• Tee (Seamless/Welded) • Olet (Weldolet, Sockolet, Elbowlet, Thredolet,
• Reducer (Seamless/Welded) Nipolet, Letrolet, Swepolet) (Forged)
• Cap (Seamless)
• Stub end (Seamless/Welded)
• Long Radius Bend (Seamless)
• Cross (Seamless)
• Union (Forged)
• Coupling (Forged)
• Swage Nipple (Forged)
• Adapters (Forged)
 MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF PIPE FITTINGS
• Manufacturing process knowledge is advantageous for inspection of pipe fittings. So it would be good for
us to be aware about manufacturing process while doing inspection of pipe fittings.

• There are various Pipe Fittings Manufacturing Process that used to manufacture Elbow, Tee, Reducers
and other pipe fittings.

• Fittings are manufactured from Seamless Pipe and from Welded Pipe with filler material. Large diameter
fittings are manufactured from Plate.

• To manufacture wrought fitting various methods are used, these are the different type of Hot and cold
forming process, Extrusion process, Outer die Method, Deep Drawing Method etc.

• Each product is manufactured with its own special process. The most appropriate manufacturing process
for each product will be decided with consideration of its material, sizes, shape, use, standards and
special properties.
 INTRODUCTION OF MANDREL METHOD (HOT FORMING - ELBOW)

• One of the most common manufacturing methods for manufacturing Elbows from pipes. After heating the
raw material (Seamless or Welded Pipe of Small size as finished product), it is pushed over a die called
"mandrel" which allows the pipe to expand and bend simultaneously. Applicable to a wide size range.

• Elbows of steel pipe joints are used in the industrial plants and are mainly manufactured by the hot mandrel
bending from raw material of straight steel pipe. Elbows are generally manufactured at elevated
temperature by means of pushing, expanding and bending of pipes simultaneously, using the inner tool of
mandrel. Characteristics of mandrel bending strongly depend on the integrated shape and dimensions of
the mandrel.

• Elbows manufactured by using hot mandrel bending have advantages of small thickness deviation and
shorter bending radius than those of any other bending method type.
FLOW DIAGRAM OF MANDREL METHOD (HOT FORMING - ELBOW)
 HOT FORMING METHOD (ELBOW) & FLOW DIAGRAM

 In hot forming die bending method a pipe is heated to a forming temperature and formed in to die with
special shape. This process may be repeated as needed to obtained the required shape, size and
thickness. This is done by different sizes ball passing method also.
 This method is usually applied to thick wall items (CS and LAS) that can not be bend on mandrel method.
 INTRODUCTION OF EXTRUSION METHOD

Elbow :
 In cold Extrusion method, a pipe with the same size as finished product is pushed through a die and formed
into its desired shape.
 Cut Pipe is pushed in to cold bending die a proper lubrication is required to avoid excessive friction and
protect surface finish of the final Elbow.
 It is usually applied to stainless steel small to medium sizes elbows.

TEE :
 Tee with large diameters, heavy wall thickness and/or special material with challenging workability that
cannot be manufactured using the hydraulic bulge method are manufactured using hot Extrusion Method.

 In hot Extrusion Method, Normally Bigger diameter pipe is used than the finished product size, the branch
outlet is extruded from the pipe with help of extrusion tool.

 Other dimensions of body and branch can also be adjusted by pressing the die if required.
FLOW DIAGRAM OF EXTRUSION METHOD (ELBOW)
FLOW DIAGRAM OF EXTRUSION METHOD (TEE)
 INTRODUCTION OF HYDRAULIC BULGE METHOD (COLD FORMING)

 The hydraulic bulging of tee is a forming process in which the branch pipe is expanded by the axial
compensation of the metal material.

 using a special hydraulic machine to inject a liquid into the tube blank equal to the tee diameter.

 Squeeze the tube blank by synchronous centering of the two horizontal side cylinders of the hydraulic
machine, the volume of the tube blank becomes smaller after being squeezed.

 When the pressure required for the tee branch pipe is reached, the metal material flows along the cavity of
the mold under the double action of the liquid pressure in the side cylinder and the tube blank to swell out of
the branch pipe.

 This method gives the good surface finish. However, higher thickness Tee cannot be manufactured by this
method.
FLOW DIAGRAM OF HYDRAULIC BULGE METHOD (COLD FORMING)
 INTRODUCTION OF OUTER DIE METHOD (REDUCERS)
 One of the most common method for manufacturing Reducers is using an outer die.

 The pipe is cut and pressed in the outer die; compressing the one end of the pipe into a smaller size. This
method is useful for manufacturing of small to medium size of reducers.

Concentric Reducers: Eccentric Reducers:

FLOW DIAGRAM OF OUTER DIE METHOD (REDUCERS)
 INTRODUCTION & FLAW DIAGRAM OF DEEP DRAWING METHOD (CAP)

 CAPs are manufactured by Deep Drawing method. In this method, Plate is cut out in a circle and
formed by deep drawing die.
 INTRODUCTION OF FLARING METHOD (STUB END)

 Stub Ends or Lap Joints Flange are manufactured by flaring method. Pipe end is a flare or spared
out to form flange face. Stub ends are also manufactured by forging in which forge block are
machined to final dimension.
 UO METHOD

 UO method is used to manufacture medium size of the elbow, tee, and reducers. The plate is cut out into a
specially designed shape (In Two Halves - as applicable), it is formed first into a U-shape using a die and
then into an O-shape or tubular form using another die, that is why this method is known as UO method.
Once the fittings formed in tumbler shaped it is welded from inside and outside of the closing seam. A cut
plate is 1st from in U shape and then in O shape.
 BUTT WELD END FITTINGS

 Key Specification: ASME B16.9 (Factory-Made Wrought Butt Welding Fittings)

 Size Range from NPS 1⁄₂ to NPS 48.
 The term “wrought” denotes fittings made of pipe, tubing, plate or forgings.
 Butt welding fittings have the following benefits
 allow strong, and leak-proof, piping connections
 minimize pressure drops and the turbulence inside the pipeline
 have a long service life
 SOCKET WELD & THREDED END FITTINGS

 Key Specification- ASME B16.11(Forged Fittings, Socket Welding and Threaded).

 Socket Weld & Threaded End Fittings are Forged Fittings.
 Socket weld & Threaded end fittings are available from NPS 1/8” to 4”.
 These fittings are available in four pressure-temperature rating class.
 2000 class fittings are available in only in threaded type.
 3000 & 6000 class fittings are available in both Threaded and Socket Weld types.
 9000 class fittings are available in only socket weld type.
 Socket and threaded fittings are used for small bore and low-pressure piping.
 A Socket Weld is a pipe attachment detail in which a pipe is inserted into a recessed area of a Valve, fitting
or flange. In contrast to buttweld fittings, Socket Weld fittings are mainly used for small pipe diameters
(Small Bore Piping); generally for piping whose nominal diameter is NPS 4 or smaller.
A threaded end is a joining of parts by means of threads. Threaded joints are the most common type of
releasable connections, which employ various fastenings to ensure relative immobility of the joined
elements of machines and mechanisms.
 SCHEDULE

 What is schedule?
 Schedule, often shortened as sch, is a North American standard that refers to wall thickness of a pipe or
pipe fitting. Higher schedules mean thicker walls that can resist higher pressures.
 Pipe standards define these wall thicknesses: SCH 5, 5S, 10, 10S, 20, 30, 40, 40S, 60, 80, 80S, 100, 120,
140, 160, STD, XS and XXS. (S following a number is for stainless steel. Sizes without an S are for carbon
steel.)
 The nominal wall thicknesses are given in B36.19M, The wall thicknesses for NPS 14 to NPS 22, inclusive
(DN 350 to DN 550, inclusive) , of Schedule 10S; NPS 12 (DN 300) of Schedule 40S; and NPS 10 and NPS
12 (DN 250 and DN 300) of Schedule 80S are not the same as those of ASME B36.10M, Welded and
Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. The suffix “S” in the schedule number is used to differentiate B36.1 9M pipe
from B3 6.1 0M pipe. ASME B3 6.1 0M includes other pipe thicknesses that are also commercially available
with stainless steel material.
 SPECIFICATION FOR FITTINGS

 ASTM A 234 – Standard specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon steel and alloy steel for
Moderate and High Temperature Services.
 ASTM A 403 - Standard specification for Wrought Austenitic stainless steel piping Fittings.
 ASTM A 420 - Standard specification Piping Fittings of Wrought carbon steel and alloys steel for Low
temperature services.
 ASTM A 592 - Standard specification High strength quenched and tempered low alloy steel forged fittings &
Parts for Pressure vessel.
 ASTM A 815 - Standard specification Wrought Ferritic, Ferritic/Austenitic & Martensitic stainless steel piping
fittings.
 ASTM A 105 – Standard Specification for Carbon steel forgings for piping applications.
 ASTM A 182 - Standard specification for Forged or rolled alloy-steel pipe flanges, forged fittings and valves
and parts for High –Temperature service.
 SPECIFICATION FOR FITTINGS

 ASTM A 350 - Standard specification for carbon and low-alloy steel forgings, requiring Notch Toughness
testing for piping components.
 ASTM SB - 363 - Specification for seamless & welded Unalloyed Titanium and Titanium alloy welding
fittings.
 ASTM SB - 366 - Standard specification for Factory made wrought Nickel & Nickel alloy fittings.
 ASTM SB - 653 - Standard specification for Seamless & welded Zirconium and Zirconium alloy welding
fittings.
DIMENSION STANDARD FOR SEAMLESS & WELDED FITTINGS ASME B16.9

 Elbow 45° & 90° Long Radius (1/2 NPS to 48 NPS).

 Elbow 45° & 90° Short Radius(1/2 NPS to 24 NPS).
 3D Radius 45° & 90° Elbow (3/4 NPS to 48 NPS).
 Straight Tees and Cross. (1/2 NPS to 48 NPS).
 Reducing outlet Tees & Reducing outlet cross. (1/2 X 1/2 X 3/8 NPS to 48 X 48 X 22 NPS).
 Lap Joint Stub End (1/2 NPS to 24 NPS).
 Reducing Elbow (2 X 1 ½ NPS to 24 X 12 NPS).
 Long Radius 180° Returns (1/2 NPS X 24 NPS).
 Short Radius 180° Returns (1 NPS X 24 NPS).
 Reducer (CR & ER) ( ¾ X ½ NPS X 48 X 40 NPS).
 Cap E Length apply for Below 12.7 MM THICKNESS (1/2 NPS X 48 NPS).
and For E1 Length above 12.7 MM THICKNESS (1/2 NPS X 24 NPS).
DIMENSION STANDARD FOR FORGED FITTINGS,SOCKET-WELDING AND
THREADED ASME B16.11

 Socket welding 90° & 45° Elbow, Cross, Tee, Coupling, Half Coupling
& Cap. (1/8 NPS X 4 NPS - 3000#, 6000#, 9000#).
 Threaded 90° & 45° Elbow, Cross, Tee. (1/8 NPS X 4 NPS - 2000#,3000#, 6000#).
 Threaded Street Elbows. (1/8 NPS X 2 NPS – 3000# & 6000#).
 Threaded Coupling, Half Coupling & Cap. (1/8 NPS X 4 NPS- 3000# & 6000#).
 Threaded Square, Hex, Round Head Plugs and Threaded Hex Head & Flush Bushing.
(1/8 NPS X 4 NPS).
 ASME – B16.25 – BUTT WELDING ENDS

 Allbuttweld pipe fittings have beveled ends as per ASME B16.25 standard. This helps create full
penetration weld without any extra preparation needed for the butt weld fitting.
 Fittings Bevel end shall be as per below table.

Material Wall Thickness Weld Contour

Carbon Steel (Except Low Up to 22 mm Figure 2 Type A
Temp. Carbon Steel) > 22 mm Figure 3 Type A
Alloy Steel, Stainless Steel & Up to 10 mm Figure 4
Low Temp. Carbon Steel > 10 mm & Up to 25 mm Figure 5 Type A
> 25 mm Figure 6 Type A
 PIPE ELBOW

 The Elbow is used more than any other pipe

fittings. It Provides flexibility to change the pipe
direction.
 Elbow mainly available in two standard types 90°
and 45°. However, it Can be cut to any other
degree.
 Elbows are available in two radius types, Short
radius (1D) and Long radius (1.5D).
 REDUCING ELBOW

 The 90 reducing elbow is designed to change

direction as well as reduce the size of pipe with a
piping system.
 Also, the gradual reduction in diameter throughout
the arc of the reducing elbow provides lower
resistance to flow and reduces the effect of
turbulence and potential internal erosion.
 These features prevent sizeable pressure drops in
the line.
 PIPE BEND

 Long radius pipeline bends are used in fluid

transportation line which required pigging.
 Due to their long radius and smooth change of
direction.
 Pipe bend has very less pressure drop, and
smooth flow of fluid & pig is possible.
 3D and 5D Pipe bends are commonly available.
 180° RETURN BEND

 Returning elbows are used to make a 180º change

in direction.
 Available in short & long pattern. Returns are used
in the heating coil, heat exchanger, tank vent etc.
 PIPE TEE

 Pipe tee is used for distributing or collecting the OUTLET

fluid from the run pipe.
 It is a short piece of pipe with a 90- degree branch
at center. R
 There are two types of Tee used in piping, Equal / U
Straight Tee and Reducing / Unequal Tee. N
 WYE TEE / LATERAL

 It is a type of Tee which has the branch at a 45°

angle, or an angle other than 90°.
 Wye tee allows one pipe to be joined to another at
45° angle.
 This type of tee reduces friction and turbulence
that could hamper the flow.
 Wye tee is also known as a lateral.
 CROSS

 Cross is also known as four-way pipe fitting.

 A cross has one inlet and three outlets (or vice
versa). OUTLET
 Generally, crosses are not used in process piping
to transport fluid. But forged crosses are common
in the fire water sprinkler line.
R R
U U
N N

OUTLET
 PIPE REDUCERS

 A pipe reducer changes the size of the pipe.

There are two types of reducer used in piping.
1. Eccentric
2. Concentric
 CONCENTRIC PIPE REDUCER OR CONICAL REDUCER

 In Concentric reducer which is also known as a

conical reducer, the center of both the ends is on
the same axis.
 It maintains the centerline elevation of the
pipeline.
 When the center lines of the larger pipe and
smaller pipe are to be maintained same, then
concentric reducers are used.
 ECCENTRIC REDUCER

 In Eccentric reducer, the center of both the ends is

on different axis as shown in the image above.
 It maintains BOP (bottom of pipe) elevation of the
pipeline.
 When one of the outside surfaces of the pipeline is
to be maintained same, eccentric reducers are
required.
 Offset = [(Larger ID (D) – Smaller ID (D1)] / 2
 STUB END

 The combination of stub ends and backing flanges

is an alternative way to join pipes compared to
OD
the use of standard flanges. This solution is used MAX/MIN
OF
in these typical scenarios: Applications where BARREL

rotating back flanges are preferred

↔
(to facilitate bolting).
(1) Gasket face finish shall be in accordance with
ASME B16.5 for raised-face flanges.
(2) The lap thickness, T, shall not be less than
nominal pipe wall thickness.
ALL IN ONE WROUGHT BUTT WELD FITTINGS PHOTO
SOCKET-WELDING AND THREADED FITTINGS ASME B16.11

90° Elbow 45° Elbow

SOCKET-WELDING AND THREADED FITTINGS ASME B16.11

EQUAL TEE UN-EQUAL TEE

SOCKET-WELDING AND THREADED FITTINGS ASME B16.11

HALF COUPLING FULL COUPLING

SOCKET-WELDING AND THREADED FITTINGS ASME B16.11

REDUCING COUPLING REDUCING COUPLING

SOCKET-WELDING AND THREADED FITTINGS ASME B16.11

CROSS CAP
 SOCKET-WELDING AND THREADED FITTINGS ASME B16.11

THREADED SQUARE, HEX, ROUND HEAD PLUGS AND THREADED HEX HEAD & FLUSH BUSHING.

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 PIPE NIPPLE

THREADED BOTH END THREADED ONE END

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 PIPE NIPPLE

PLAIN BOTH END THREADED ONE END & BEVEL ONE END

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 ECCENTRIC SWAGE FORGE NIPPLES DIMENSION STANDARD
MSSP 95 & BS 3799

PLAIN BOTH END BEVEL BOTH END THREADED ONE END THREADED BOTH END

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 CONCENTRIC SWAGE FORGE NIPPLES DIMENSION STANDARD
MSSP 95 & BS 3799

PLAIN BOTH END BEVEL BOTH END THREADED ONE END THREADED BOTH END

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

DIFFERENT TYPE OF FORGE FITTINGS WELDOLET, THREDOLET, SOCKOLET, LATROLET, ELBOLET, SWEEPOLET, INSERT
WELDOLET, NIPOLET, BRAZOLET, COUPOLET, FLEXOLET BUTT WELD, FLEXOLET SOCKET WELD, FLAXOLET THREADED,
NIPOFLANGE

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 OLETS

 OLETS are used for the branch connection.

 They are used as a heavier specially designed branch that works as a Self-reinforced branch.
 Whenever branch connections are required in size where reducing tees are not available and/or when the
branch connections are of smaller size as compared to header size, Olets are generally used.
 Self-reinforced branches (Olets) are designed as per Process Piping Code ASME B31.3.
 Other standard available is MSS SP-97 that is Manufacturers Standardization Society.
 Most commonly used olets are:
Weldolet, Sockolet, Thredolet, Elbolet, Nipolet, Latrolet, Coupolet, Sweepolet

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 WELDOLET

 Weldolet is 90° branch connection.

 It Comes in full size or reducing size (Full size is when you take branch of the same size as run pipe size
for example 3 inch to 3 inch. And reducing size is when branch size is less than run pipe size 3 inch to 1
inch).
 Weldolet’s end is suited for the butt welding connection.

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 SOCKOLET

 Sockolet is same as weldolet but with socket end.

 It is 90° branch connection.
 Comes in full size or reducing size.
 End connection is suited for socket welding.

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 THREDOLET

 Thredolet is 90° branch connection comes with threaded end connection.

 It also Comes in full size or reducing size.
 End connection is suited for threaded joint.

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 ELBOLET

 Elbolet is a special type of olets which fits on elbow surface. It is 90° branch connection and comes in
different types of ends that suit for butt welding, socket welding and threaded joint.

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 NIPOLET

 Nipolet is weldolet with extended pipe body.

 It is 90° branch connection and comes in different types of ends that suit for butt welding, socket welding or
threaded joint.

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 LATROLET

 There are some special olets also used in piping such as

 Latrolet that is used for taking branch which is not at 90 degrees to run pipe.
 Latrolet comes in a 45°or any other special degree as required by purchaser.
 End connections of a Latrolet can be butt welded, socket welded or threaded.

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 COUPOLET

 Coupolet is Olets with female NPT thread that uses for low-pressure This will reduce use of one sockolet
and one coupling.

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 SWEEPOLET

 Sweepolet is used for large size branch connection.

 It provides smooth flow transition from run pipe to branch pipe.
 Sweepolet is used in piping header and pressure vessel when smooth flow transition is necessary and
standard tee cannot be used.

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 SILENT FEATURES FOR THE INSPECTION OF FITTINGS
 During raw material identification and review of material test certificate, check the quantity of raw material is
sufficient to manufacture the complete offered lot of fittings. (for e.g. - raw material test certificate shows
only 01 pipe – 12 NPS x 6 m length and manufacturer claims that 25 elbows were made from the same
pipe).
 During review of material test certificate, check size & schedule of pipe to comply the fittings as per P O
description. (for e.g. – Elbow to be manufactured by hot forming mandrel method one small size with one
higher schedule as finished size, Elbow to be manufactured by hot forming method same size and one
higher schedule as finished product, Elbow to be manufactured by cold extrusion method same size and
schedule as finished product, Tee to be manufactured by cold extrusion one bigger size and same schedule
as finished product and for both type reducers same size (large diameter) as finished product to be taken).
 Raw material pipe marking should be verified and co-related with raw material test certificate as per code
requirement. (Now a days all raw material pipe should be 100% hydro tested as per EIL specification).
 Raw material manufacturer origin and name should be verified with approved list provided by client.
 Many client shall not be allowed to use raw material of China Origin.

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 SILENT FEATURES FOR THE INSPECTION OF FITTINGS

 Finished fittings (100% quantity) to be verified at the time of test coupon identification and select the
product identification sample by own not selected by vendor.
 Heat treatment temperature should also be verified with code as well as client’s specification.
 Visual inspection 100% (inside, outside & weld areas) in bare / clean condition and proper light should be
performed.
 Some defects or imperfections in visual inspection like Severe Scaling & Pitting, Mechanical (mandrel &
press) marks due to forming, improper shot blasting, Fittings offered in rusted condition.
 Sometimes higher thickness fittings found in odd shapes (Especially welded items).
 Thickness to be checked properly at the grinding points (grinding done to remove dent marks, die, forming,
press or handling marks) as there may be chance of reduction in thickness in addition to check minimum 3-
5 locations if it is 90 degree elbow. .
 In case of welded fittings, there are chances of less thickness at inner radius and the same should be
verified along with thickness at outer radius.
 180 Degree return bends always critical and these bends will be used in Heaters. 100% fittings inspection
to be performed especially Alloy steel & Stainless steel though it is 10% scope.

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 SILENT FEATURES FOR THE INSPECTION OF FITTINGS

 While dimensional inspection, client’s specifications should also be followed. In some cases dimensional
tolerances are more stringent in client specifications than standard.
 If thickness is found much higher than required thickness, client should be informed regarding the same
before accepting the same.
 WEP should be checked as per standard and client’s specification.
 Dimension which is not mentioned in ASME B16.9 but vendor is asked to carry out inspection as per their
calculation, demand for client approved drawing. (i. e. - for long radius bend up 3D radius dimension
mentioned in ASME B16.9, higher sizes of 4D, 5D, 8D or 10D bend inspection should be done as per client
approved drawing).
 Random selection of fittings should be done by surveyor only from offered lot and not performed inspection
of vendor selected fittings.
 Sometimes processed with verbal communication with client or convinced by vendor and material cleared
by surveyor that become complain for client side (e. g. In IBR fittings bevel preparation as per client
drawing but vendor had made as per code requirement).

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

 SILENT FEATURES FOR THE INSPECTION OF FITTINGS

 Marking should be verified by surveyor personally. (Vendor QC person is reading punching and surveyor
verifying as per offer list).
 Sometimes incomplete punching found (i.e. Missing Vendor's Logo, Client code, mandatory punching).
Same to be highlighted by permanent marker or paint and also to be legible at site.
 Major complaints from HPCL - LTHE project site regarding marking not legible.
 TUV stamp inspected items double stamped and rest are single stamped. TUV stamp to be encircled by
permanent marker or paint.
 Sometimes color coding (As applicable) not done as per client specification (i.e. Pattern, sequence,
location, etc.).
 Verify back up documents before sending to branch and client.
 IVR shall mentioned always either “Accepted or Not Accepted”. Never write subjected to Clients
acceptance. If any query surveyor should contact Client and clear from vendor’s place.
 Surveyor to attach minimum 20 photographs with proper angle and he has to keep another 30-40
photographs on his laptop for future reference.

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08

Baroda Team │ Inspection │ Vadodara, 2020.04.08