FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA LABORATORY MANUAL

COURSE BUILDING SERVICES

COURSE CODE ECM346

LEVEL OF OPENNESS 0

CATEGORY TRADITIONAL

DEGREE OF OPEN-ENDED (%) 0

PERIOD OF ACTIVITY 1 WEEK

TITLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY – THREE PHASE SYSTEM

1.1 Introduction
Level 1 laboratory activity refers to condition where the problem and ways &
means are guided and given to the students. However, the answers to the
assignment are left to the students to solve using the group creativity and
innovativeness. The activity is to slowly be introduced and inculcate independent
learning amongst students and prepare them for a much harder task of open-
ended laboratory activities.
In this laboratory activity students will be introduced to the concept, principles and
the mechanism of the equipment that involved in the process of generation,
transmission and distribution of the electrical energy to the consumer (three
phase electricity supply).
1.2 Objective
The objectives of this open-ended laboratory activity are:
1) To expose students to the principles and component in generation,
transmission and distribution of electricity to the consumer (three phase
electricity supply).
PREAMBLE 1.3 Learning Outcomes
At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to:
1) Identify the correct principle and component in generation, transmission
and distribution of electricity to the consumer (three phase electricity
supply).
2) Analyse the operation system of a three phase electricity supply
demonstration set and present it in typical format of a laboratory report.
3) Work in a group to produce technical report.
1.4 Theoretical Background

A generator forces electrons in the windings to flow through the

external electrical circuit. In fact, we can divide generator into two types. There are
alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC). Both of these generator have own
their advantages and disadvantages.

In DC generator systems, current we must be transmitted at a low voltage and high

current level, which creates huge problems with power loss. AC generators send

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA LABORATORY MANUAL

current at a high voltage and low current level, which means much less power loss.

AC generators work on a simpler design concept than DC generators. An AC

generator consists of a set of stationary coils around which revolves a magnetic
field which is generated by a rotating shaft. A DC generator has the wire coil
connected to its shaft, which makes contact with stationary brushes.

AC generators require less maintenance than DC generators. This is due to the

design of the slip rings and how they interact with the brushes. The slips rings of an
AC generator have smooth surfaces, which the generators brushes are constantly
in contact with. This means the brushes do not wear out as quickly as in DC
generators, which do not have slip rings, but instead a series of bars which the
brushes bump against.

The back-and-forth actions of electrons in AC cause raising and falling magnetic

fields. This makes it easy to transform AC into different voltages (transformers need
raising and falling magnet fields to work), but it takes a lot of power to create these
changing magnet fields.

AC is the most preferred type of electricity supply because of reasons stated above.
AC suitable to be transmitted in a very long distances and then distributed
accordingly to the demand by the consumer.
Civil Engineer’s jobs are to identify adequate supply of electricity to the building.
Planning, transmission and distribution of electricity is crucial to ensure proper and
suitable amount of electricity received by the consumer.
Students are requires to search for the information regarding the
PROBLEM STATEMENT generation, transmission and distribution of electricity to the consumer with a
supply of three phase voltage. Demonstrates the supply system by using a sketch
and then follow by the demonstration set.
The group must carry out the observations following the procedures outline and
subsequently present the report in a proper technical format.
3.1 Apparatus
Three Phase electricity supply system, Stationeries, Camera
3.2 Procedures
1) Propose a detail layout for the transmission and distribution of electricity
supply from Generating Power Plant (GPP) to the transmission substation,
distribution substation and finally to a building by indicating the voltages at
WAYS & MEANS
each stage in the system.
2) Sketch the three phase electricity supply system according to the suitable
sequences.
3.3 Data Acquisition
All data collected and observed during the test must be tabulate in proper format
for easy verification and presentation of the technical report.
4 Results, Analysis and Conclusion
RESULTS
The group is required to submit the technical report of the laboratory results

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA LABORATORY MANUAL

highlighting the data acquisition process, analysis carried out and the relevancy of
the set-out output to achieve the objective.

The format of the report is left to the creativity discretion of the group. The report
must be submitted within14 days after the briefing session.

©FKA, UiTM, PAHANG