“HISTORY”

 
 a branch of knowledge that records and explains past events.
 Greek word “HISTORIA” meaning knowledge acquired by
investigation.
 events that form the subject matter of a History.
 
 
Theories constructed by Historian in Investigating History:
a.)FACTUAL HISTORY - Presents Readers The Plain And Basic Information, the events that took place
(what) , the time and date with which the event took place, and the people that were involved.
 
b.)SPECULATIVE HISTORY- goes beyond the facts because it is concerned about the reasons for which
events happened (why), the way they happened (how).
- it tries to speculate on the cause and effect of an event.(cantal, cardinal et.al.
 
RELEVANCE OF HISTORY
 
 It helps us people understands where we came from . the origin and events occurred I n the
past.
 A artistic way of reminiscing and burst of flashbacks. It answers a lot of what, where, when, why,
who, and how.
 Even histories are done, it plays a big role in the society Cause we wont be able to reach what
WE HAVE IN THE PRESENT WITHOUT THOSE FOOT PRINTS IN THE PAST

PRIMARY SOURCE
 Are usually defined as a first-hand information or data that is generated by
witnesses or participants in past events
 
QUESTIONS ABOUT PRIMARY SOURCES:
[WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF primary SOURCES?
[HOW DO YOU KNOW IF A SOURCE IS PRIMARY?
[WHAT CAN YOU DO WITH PRIMARY SOURCES?
[IS IT OK TO USE primary SOURCES?
ADVANTAGES DIS-ADVANTAGES
Often provide info. That is Time consuming to prepare and
unavailable analyze
Everywhere else
Directly address your topic May be too close to the subject
 
DIFFERENT KINDS OF PRIMARY SOURCES
A. ORIGINAL
 documents that was produced originally, the same Evidence Handled since
the beginning. written and vocal information, Based On Real Experience Of
the owner of evidences
 
[Diaries [Interviews [Letters [Speeches [ Records [Manuscripts
[Eyewitness
 
B. CREATIVE WORKS
 Original evidences that was formed and produce with the use Of art and
creativity.
Ex: Novels, [POETRY [VIDEO[MUSIC [PHOTOGRAPHY[ART [FILMS
 
C. PUBLISHED MATERIALS
 evidences that written of produced by someone with firsthand experience of
event.
EX.[NEWSPAPER [MAGAZINES[ MEMOIRS
 
D. RELICTS AND ARTIFACTS
 THIS PROVIDES CONCRETE AND TANGIBLE EVIDENCES.
[BUILDINGS [CLOTHING,FURNITURE
 
 
 
SECONDARY SOURCES
 A secondary source is something written about a primary source
 A secondary source can include books, journal articles, speeches, Reviews,
research reports and more.
ADVANTAGE DIS-ADVANTAGE
Historians creates secondary sources People who create secondary
after looking at many primary sources were not there when the
source. events happened.
can provide analysis, synthesis, They do not represent first hand
interpretation, or evaluation of the knowledge of a subject or event.
original information.
valuable to historians because they There are countless books,
collect the information from primary journals, magazine articles, and
sources in one place. web pages that attempt to
interpret the past and finding
good secondary sources can be
an issue
 
REPOSITORIES OF PRIMARY SOURCES
 Repositories of primary sources Is a listing of over 5000
websites describing holdings of manuscripts, Archives, rare
books, historical, photographs, and other primary sources for
the research scholar.
EX. National archives f the Philippines
The national library of the Philippines
The national historical commission of the philippines

 historical criticism is a branch of criticism that investigates origin of ancient

text.
 includes facts about author’s life and the Historical And Social
Circumstances At That Time
 study of literary text in the ancient times
ex. the bible
 
TYPES OF CRITISM
 
1. EXTERNAL CRISTICISM (lower criticism)
[the problem of authenticity
[to spot fabricated , forged, and faked documents test of authenticity
[determine the date
[Chronological misplacing of persons or events
 
[DETERMINE THE AUTHOR
[ANACHRONISTIC STYLE
[ ANACHRONISTIC REFERENCE TO EVENTS
[PROVENANCE OR CUSTODY
 
2. INTERNAL CRITICISM (higher criticism)
• [the problem of credibility
• [relevant particulars in the document
 
TEST OF CREDIBILITY
• [identification of the author
• [determine the approximate date
• [ability to tell the truth
• [ willingness of the eye witness to tell the truth
• [ look for corroboration

GROUP 2

CONTEXT ANALYSIS
 It is a technique or a process to ensures that the source is credible
 
a. Trustworthy
b. Reliable
 
What are the things to consider ?
1. Background of the Author-
 Personality
 Profession
 Age
 Location
 What was the Author doing at that time?
 
2. Background of the Event
 Situation
 Motive of the Author
 When it
 was written
 
3. Type of Source
 Speech
 Novel
 Diary
 Chronicle
 
CONTENT ANALYSIS
 It refers to the subject matter in a text
 It uses appropriate technique
  It analyze if the text is logical
 
What do we do in content analysis ?
1. Determine whether the information in the source is logical
 
2. We make sure that the information we receive or read is logical so that our
knowledge is based on the truth
 
TYPE OF CONTENT ANALYSIS
A. Books
B. Vlog
C. Blog
D. Case studies
 
ELEMENTS
1. Main Idea
 Look for the information that will give idea to what is the text all about
2. Specific Information
 Information that can support the main idea

First voyage around the world

1519-1522
By: Antonio Pigafetta
 
ANTONIO PIGAFETTA
 Also known as Antonio Lombardo
 A nobleman scholar
 Born in Vicenza around 1490
 Died in 1534
 Comrade of Magellan on his expedition
 Wrote a journal of Ferdinand Magellan’s Voyage which is entitled “TheFrist
Voyage Around the World”
 
First Voyage Around The World
 Published in 1525
 Basis of Primary Source
 Source about what happened during Magellan’s expedition
 
 
IMPORTANCE OF FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD
 Insights during the Pre Colonial Period
 Contribution of Magellan to the Philippines
(Introduce Catholism )
 Contribution of Magellan to the World
(Provides route )
 Globalization Begin

AUTHORS POINT OF VIEW

 An author’s point of view refers to his or her position on an issue or, in other
words, the author’s opinion or belief regarding an issue
 
1. First person point of view
2. Second person point of view
3. Third person point of view
Importance of Point of View
 Point of view is important in a story because it helps the reader understand
the feelings and actions of the author
 
AUTHOR’S MAIN ARGUMENT
 
Importance of the Examination
 Knowing the author’s main argument is important in determining what he’s
trying to convey . Author’s bring their priorities , beliefs, and values that can
influence how they select and present the information
 
AUTHOR’S ARGUMENT
 An author’s argument is the opinion or belief that he wants to persuade the
readers to believe in
 
WAYS TO IDENTIFY AUTHOR’S ARGUMENT
1. Understand the context
2. Identify the Conclusion
3. Identify the Reasons
 
WAYS TO EVALUATE THE AUTHOR’S MAIN ARGUMENT
1. Identify the Issue
2. Determine the Author’s Argument
 3. Identify the Author’s Assumption
4. Identify the type of Support
5. Determine the relevance of the support
 
THE AUTHOR’S MAIN ARGUMENT
 Magellan and his crew were the people who converted some of the natives to
Christianity. Consequently, they were also the one responsible for the first
Mass in the Philippine Islands
 
EVIDENCE
 
1. Magellan and his crew were the people who converted some of the natives to
Christianity. Consequently, they were also the one responsible for the first
Mass in the Philippine Islands
2. He referred the natives as “Those heathen” which implies that he identifies
the nationals by their beliefs or religion.
3. However, it is also possible that Pigafetta uses “those heathen people”
because one of the main goals of the expedition is to convert the natives to
Christianity

GROUP 3

first easter Sunday mass

 held in March 31, 1521
 Limasawa island in southern city, not Butuan City in Agusan del Norte.
following the discovery of the Philippines by Ferdinand Magellan, according
to the national historical commission of the Philippine(NHCP).
 
Chaplian of the Magellan-Elcano expedition
 Fr. Pedro de Valderrama
 
Why is it called limasawa
 Rajah Kolambu, the Rajah of the Island has 5 wives, that is why the place
was called Limasawa which means lima asawa (5 wives)
 
he First Holy Mass marked the birth of Roman Catholicism in the Philippine
 
Masau or mazaua
 A little island port
  “A brilliant light and crystal clear”
 
EVEDENCE
1.The name of the Place
2.The route from Homonhon
3.The latitude position
4.The route to Cebu
5.The geographical features
a. The bonfire
b. The balanghai
c. Abundance of gold

MUNITY
 A rebellion against authority
 Comes from an old verb “Mutine” which means “revolt”
 1872 Cavite Mutiny
 Felipe(the Spanish arsenal in cavite, Philippines)on January 20 1872
 Around 200 soldiers and laborers rose up but it was unsuccessful, and
government soldiers executed many of the participants
 no 1896 Philippines Revolution if there was no 1872 Cavite Mutiny.
 
 
2 major event
1. 1872 CAVITE MUTINY
 
2. MARTYRDOM OF THE THREE PRIEST IN THE PERSONS OF
Mariano Gomes , Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora(GOMBURZA)
 
2 FACES OF CAVITY MUNITY
1.Filipino Version By Dr. Trinidad Pardo De Tavera
 The incident was merely a mutiny by Filipinos soldiers and laborers of the
Cavite arsenal to the dissatisfaction arising from the draconian policies of
Izquierdo (abolition of privileges and prohibition of the founding of the
school of arts and trades).
 GOMBURZA-They were prominent Filipino priests charged with treason
and sedition
 GARROTE -killing someone by strangulation typically with an iron wire or
cord
 
2.Spanish Version By Jose Montero Y Vidal And Governor General Rafael
Izquierdo
 Jose Montero Y Vidal said that it as an attempt of the Indios to overthrow
the Spanish government in the Philippines.
 Governor General Rafael Izquierdo official report to the king of Spain
magnified the event and made use of it to implicate the native clergy, which
was then active in the call of secularization.
 200 men was led by Sergeant La Madrid attacked Spanish officers at sight
and seized the arsenal.