Diarrhea Disease

Diarrhea is the condition of having at least three loose or liquid bowel

movements each day. It often lasts for a few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid
loss. Signs of dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin and
irritable behaviour. This can progress to decreased urination, loss of skin colour, a fast
heart rate, and a decrease in responsiveness as it becomes more severe.
Signs and symptoms associated with diarrhea may include: loose stools,
abdominal cramps, abdominal pain, fever, blood in the stool, bloating, nausea, urgent need
to have a bowel movement
A number of diseases and conditions can cause diarrhea, including : viruses,
bacteria and parasites, medications, lactose intolerance, fructose, artificial sweeteners,
surgery, and other digestive disorders. The most common cause is an infection of the
intestines due to either a virus, bacteria, or parasite; a condition known as gastroenteritis.
These infections are often acquired from food or water that has been contaminated by
stool, or directly from another person who is infected.
Prevention of infectious diarrhea is by improved sanitation, clean drinking
water, hand washing with soap, breastfeeding for at least six months is also recommended
and vaccination against rotavirus.
Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), which is clean water with modest amounts
of salts and sugarr, is the treatment of choice. Zinc tablets are also recommended to avoid
the relapse of diarrhea. These treatments have been estimated to have saved 50 million
children in the past 25 years. When people have diarrhea it is recommended that they
continue to eat healthy food and babies continue to be breastfed. If commercial ORS are
not available, homemade solutions may be used. In those with severe dehydration,
intravenous fluids may be required. Most cases; however, can be managed well with fluids
by mouth. Antibiotics, while rarely used, may be recommended in a few cases such as
those who have bloody diarrhea and a high fever, those with severe diarrhea following
travelling, and those who grow specific bacteria or parasites in their stool. Loperamide may
help decrease the number of bowel movements but is not recommended in those with
severe disease. Diarrhea can cause dehydration, which can be life-threatening if
untreated. Dehydration is particularly dangerous in children, older adults and those with
weakened immune systems. If you have signs of serious dehydration, seek medical help.
Indications of dehydration in adults include: excessive thirst, dry mouth or skin, little or no
urination, weakness, dizziness or lightheadedness, fatigue, dark-colored urine. Indications
of dehydration in infants and young children include: not having a wet diaper in three or
more hours, dry mouth and tongue, fever above 102 F (39 C), crying without tears,
drowsiness, unresponsiveness or irritability, sunken appearance to the abdomen, eyes or
cheeks

I. Choose the correct answer

1. Dehydration is mainly caused by?

A. Lack of food C. Virus and bacteria
B. Fluid loss D. Abdominal pain

2. The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to

A. Diarrhea C. Dehydration
B. Bowel movements D. Fluid loss
3. The word “nausea” (paragraph 2) has similar meaning with
A. Dizzines
B. Fever and headache
C. Constipation
D. Unpleasant feeling of wanting to vomit

4. We can find the causes of diarhea in?

A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4

5. Lactose intolerance can be caused if someone does not tolerate dairy product, such as.....
A. Milk
B. Cheese
C. Yoghurt
D. A, B, C are correct

6. Gastroenteritis infection is often caused by these thing, except....

A. Dirty water
B. Clean sanitation
C. Contaminated food
D. Directly from diarrhea sufferer

7. The most important prevention for baby from diarrhea is......

A. Hand washing
B. Improved sanitation
C. Clean drinking water
D. Breastfeeding

8. ORS is a mix between these components, except.....

A. Water
B. Salt
C. Honey
D. Sugar

9. To avoid reccurence of diarrhea, we can consume.....

A. Zinc
B. ORS
C. Antibiotics
D. Loperamide

10. The word “solutions” (paragraph 5) has similar meaning with

A. Solid
B. Matter
C. Format
D. Fluid

11. Antibiotics is needed in the cases of diarrhea......

A. Caused by bacteria C. With high fever
B. Bloody diarrhea D. A, B, C are correct
12. Indications of dehydration in adults include these thing, except:
A. Irritability
B. Weakness
C. Lightheadedness
D. excessive thirst

13. The main topic of paragraph 6 is?

A. The cause of diarrhea
B. The sign of diarrhea
C. The prevention of diarrhea
D. The complication of diarrhea

14. The word “drowsiness” (paragraph 6) has similar meaning with....

A. Tired
B. Fatigue
C. Dizzy
D. Sleepy

15. To decrease the number of bowel movements, we can consume.....

A. Zinc
B. ORS
C. Loperamide
D. Antibiotics

II. Choose True or False

1. One of the symptoms of diarrhea is watery stool.
2. A person with diarhea will have slow heart rate.
3. Vaccination can prevent all kind of diarrhea.
4. Too much consuming sweet food may cause diarrhea.
5. Washing hand with soap is one of the preventions of infectious diarrhea
6. ORS can be made by ourselves.
7. The function of Zinc is to stop the diarrhea.
8. The word “they” in paragraph 5 refers to general people.
9. Intravenous fluids is required in all dehydrationcases.
10. Loperamide is not recommended for severe diarrhea.
11. Dehydration is more dangerous if happen on people with weak immune system.
12. The word “you” in paragraph 6 refers to people with diarrhea.
13. Untreated diarrhea can be life-threatening.
14. People who are fatigue will feel very tired.
15. Antibiotics can be used to treat diarrhea due to virus.