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Corrosion of Fasteners: Mild Steel Nails and Screws Corrosion Similar
Corrosion of Fasteners: Mild Steel Nails and Screws Corrosion Similar
Corrosion of fasteners
Although timber treatments protect timber, they can corrode nails, screws and other
hardware used in building. A BRANZ research project is investigating the effects of
different treatments on some common types of metal fasteners.
By Zhengwei Li, BRANZ Corrosion Scientist
T
imber’s versatility, diversity and aesthetic properties make in treated timbers. This project follows on from previous BRANZ laboratory
it very important in the construction industry. However, it studies (see Build 98 February/March 2007, pages 68–70 and BRANZ
deteriorates when exposed to the environment. Preservation study report SR153).
treatment can protect it from decay fungi, harmful insects The first year of exposure has been completed, and the degradation of
or marine borers but the degree of protection depends on the type, nails and screws made from mild steel, galvanised steel and stainless steel
penetration and retention of the chemicals used. embedded in CCA, CuAz and ACQ treated timbers has been assessed.
These treatments may present a potential corrosion hazard to
metallic components in the timber, since the metallic ions in waterborne Mild steel nails and screws corrosion similar
preservatives can act as an added oxidiser. The corrosiveness of timbers Corrosion surface morphologies of the mild steel nails and screws driven
treated with alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) and copper azole (CuAz), into untreated and CCA (H3 and H4) treated timbers were found to be
alternatives to copper chrome arsenate (CCA), has become a concern due similar after this initial period. These fasteners suffered from uniform and
to their higher copper contents. These treatments are not widely used and gentle corrosive attack on their whole surfaces.
can be identified by a number 58 for ACQ or 90 for CuAz in the timber Nails and screws underwent more serious degradation in ACQ and CuAz
treatment markings. treated timbers. In these two timbers, an increase of preservation level
from H3 to H4 also increased the corrosion.
First year results available
BRANZ is currently conducting a 3-year field exposure test at out Judgeford Galvanised nails perform better but still concerns
site to investigate the corrosion performance of typical building hardware Galvanised nails showed better performance than mild steel nails in all
timbers. The coatings on the nails embedded in untreated and CCA treated
timbers were still in relatively good condition after 1 year of exposure. No
obvious failure was found.
CuAz and ACQ treated timbers, particularly the timbers treated to H4
level, showed a higher corrosivity (see Figure 1). Iron-rich rust could be
easily seen on most of the shaft area of the nails, indicating that the top
zinc-rich coating had been consumed.
Figure 2: Galvanised steel screws removed from H4 CCA and ACQ treated timbers.
XXX 58 H4
or
XXX 90 H4
BRANZ recommends
When this problem was first identified, BRANZ recommended that the
fasteners, including nails and screws, to be used with CuAz and ACQ treated
timbers in situations requiring 15- or 50-year durability, should be either:
❚❚ 304/316 grades of stainless steel, or
❚❚ durable equivalents, such as silicon bronze.
Use of these materials for fasteners is still recommended.