1.

Igneous Rock - rock formed by solidification of a molten magma

Sedimentary Rock - rock formed of mechanical, chemical, or organic sediment

Metamorphic Rocks - is the alteration of pre-existing rocks in the solid state due to changes in
temperature and pressure.

Magma - hot fluid or semifluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and
other igneous rock is formed on cooling.

Lava - hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or fissure, or solid rock resulting
from cooling of this.

Basalt rocks - Basalt is a mafic extrusive rock, is the most widespread of all igneous rocks, and
comprises more than 90% of all volcanic rocks.

Granite - is a light-colored igneous rock with grains large enough to be visible with the unaided
eye.

Seabed – the ground under the sea, the ocean floor.

Compression – compression of sea water under pressure is significant. There was no reduction

in the incidence of spinal cord compression.

Sandstone – is a sedimentary rock composed mostly of quartz sand, but it can also contain
significant amounts of feldspar, and sometimes silt and clay

Limestone – a hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium carbonate or dolomite, used
as building material and in the making of cement.

Pressure – The pressure experienced by a rock during metamorphism is due primarily to the
weight of the overlying rocks

Slate – is a fine-grained, foliated metamorphic rock that is created by the alteration of shale or
mudstone by low-grade regional metamorphism.

Clay – a stiff, sticky fine-grained earth, typically yellow, red, or bluish-gray in color and often
forming an impermeable layer in the soil.
Marble - a hard crystalline metamorphic form of limestone, typically white with mottlings or
streaks of color, that is capable of taking a polish and is used in sculpture and architecture.

Rock Cycle - an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust, involving
igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock,
metamorphism, remelting, and further igneous intrusion.

2.In describing the rock cycle, we can start anywhere we like, although it’s convenient to start
with magma. As we’ll see in more detail below, magma is rock that is hot to the point of being
entirely molten. This happens at between about 800° and 1300°C, depending on the
composition and the pressure, onto the surface and cool quickly forming extrusive igneous rock.
Magma can either cool slowly within the crust forming intrusive igneous rock, or erupt onto the
surface and cool quickly forming extrusive igneous rock. Intrusive igneous rock typically
crystallizes at depths of hundreds of metres to tens of kilometres below the surface. To change
its position in the rock cycle, intrusive igneous rock has to be uplifted and exposed by the
erosion of the overlying rocks.Through the various plate-tectonics-related processes of
mountain building, all types of rocks are uplifted and exposed at the surface. Once exposed,
they are weathered, both physically and chemically, and the weathering products mostly small
rock and mineral fragments are eroded, transported, and then deposited as sediments.
Transportation and deposition occur through the action of glaciers, streams, waves, wind, and
other agents, and sediments are deposited in rivers, lakes, deserts, and the ocean.