Karen Marie V.

dela Pasion Elementary Stat & Probability

BSED-MATH III Module 1

REVIEW OF PRE-REQUISITES

1. Define the following (percentage, average, and mode).

i. Percentage- Percentages. One of the most frequent ways to represent statistics is by

percentage. Percent simply means "per hundred" and the symbol used to express

percentage is %. One percent (or 1%) is one hundredth of the total or whole and is

therefore calculated by dividing the total or whole number by 100.

ii. Average- a single value that represents the general significance of set of unequal values.

iii. Mode- the most commonly observed value in a set of data. For the normal distribution,

the mode is also the same value as the mean and median. In many cases, the modal value

will differ from the average value in the data.

2. What do we mean by data collection?

i. Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of

interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research

questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.

SAQ 1

1. Give an example of descriptive and inferential statistics.

i. Descriptive stat example: the sum of the following data set is 20: (2, 3, 4, 5, 6). The mean

is 4 (20/5). The mode of a data set is the value appearing most often, and the median is

the figure situated in the middle of the data set. It is the figure separating the higher

figures from the lower figures within a data set. However, there are less common types of

descriptive statistics that are still very important.

ii. Inferential stat example: you might stand in a mall and ask a sample of 100 people if they

like shopping at Sears. You could make a bar chart of yes or no answers (that would

be descriptive statistics) or you could use your research (and inferential statistics) to

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Karen Marie V. dela Pasion Elementary Stat & Probability
BSED-MATH III Module 1

reason that around 75-80% of the population (all shoppers in all malls) like shopping at

Sears.

2. Why is it important to know the difference between inferential stat and descriptive stat?

ii. It is important to know the difference between inferential stat and descriptive stat because

these two are different and we must know their importance and how we can use it in a

different situation. So for example, inferential stat is important because it helps to suggest

explanations for a situation or phenomenon. It allows you to draw conclusions based on

extrapolations, and is in that way fundamentally different from descriptive statistics that

merely summarize the data that has actually been measured. While descriptive stat are

very important because if we simply presented our raw data it would be hard to visualize

what the data was showing, especially if there was a lot of it. Descriptive statistics

therefore enables us to present the data in a more meaningful way, which allows simpler

interpretation of the data.

SAQ 2

1. Cite one example each type of data. Include the categories or the possible answers to the

questions.

 NOMINAL DATA:

Where do you categorize your gender?

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Karen Marie V. dela Pasion Elementary Stat & Probability
BSED-MATH III Module 1

a. Female b. Male c. Intersex d. Trans Non-Conforming

 ORDINAL DATA

Blood Type:

a. A b. B c. AB d. O

 INTERVAL DATA:

Mark Grading

 When grading test scores like the SAT, for example, the numbers from 0 to 200 are not

used when scaling the raw score to the section score. In this case, absolute zero is not

used as a reference point.

 RATIO DATA:

What is your weight in kgs.?

a. Less than 50 kgs b. 51-60 c. 61-70 d. 71-80 e. 81-90

2. Differentiate the qualitative and quantitative data.

 Quantitative data is information about quantities, and therefore numbers, and qualitative data is

descriptive, and regards phenomenon which can be observed but not measured, such as language.

Generally speaking, quantitative analysis involves looking at the hard data, the actual numbers.

Qualitative analysis is less tangible. It concerns subjective characteristics and opinions – things

that cannot be expressed as a number.

SAQ 3

1. The researcher wants to know the level of learning of mathematics students in algebra. If you are

the researcher what method of sampling will you use? Explain your answer.

 If I will be the researcher, I will definitely use the simple random sampling because it will be easy

for me to categorize each students based on their level of learning in mathematics. I will give

them some mathematics questions from easy to hard questions. In that way, I can group them

based on their grades.