In this session I learnt the concept of salvation in Hinduism and Buddhism, as well

as the role and responsibility of Human beings to be aware so that they can
implement this concept in their practical lives, including myself.

Summary of “Keselamatan Dalam Agama Hindu”

In Rig Veda, we see human beings as individual creatures who depend on the Gods,
and their purpose is to live harmoniously in Heaven. Yama, the God of death, reigns
over the dead. Worship from the family of a soul who has passed on is accepted as
an offering for the soul’s prosperous life after death. Evil individuals are to rot in the
eternal dark prison.

In the Upanishads, however, it is said that the soul wishes to impersonally reunite
with the universal soul, Brahman, but illusion stands in the way. The exemption of
one’s atman from the cycle of reincarnation onto the path of Moksha, can be
achieved through the practise of good karma and gaining intuitive knowledge (jnana
or vidya) in one’s existential lifetime. Freedom from the cycle of Avidya-Karma-
Samsara can be achieved by letting go of desire. For that human beings have to go 3
stages (and a fourth rudimentary stage):

 Jagrat- Stage of guard: Normal conscious level where the physical world
immensely affect the mental psychology of human beings.
 Svapna- Stage of dream sleep: A mental psychology where one is free from
the objective world and instead, lives in a projection of the real world; the
virtual world.
 Susupti- Stage of sleep with no dreams: When one’s involvement in the
phenomenological world stops, and the illusion of the world is no more. At
this stage atman only temporarily joins with Brahman.
 Turiya- When atman fully re-joins with Brahman.

Two mantras to achieve freedom are:

 Aham Brahma asmi (I am Brahman)
 Tat tvam asi (That is you)
 Om
According to the Vedanta Shankara, the path to reach intuitive knowledge can be
reached by:
 distinguishing between the eternal and the impermanent
 letting go of any attachment to the things of this world
 master the 6 virtues of calm, stability, keeping away from sense objects,
patience, concentration and belief in doctrine
 dreaming and being in awe about exemption.

In Samkhya and Yoga, liberation is the detachment of purusha from all practical
manifestations, which can be achieved is by analyzing external and internal
structures of nature and psycho-mental activities; by gaining spiritual knowledge
and abandoning all values that have been produced by the mind. To know purusha
is to gain liberation whereby the physical and mental world comes to a halt, but
iberation is merely an introduction to the eternal freedom of purusha.

When a distinction is realized, prakriti and all its manifestations can be detached
from purusha, where the human self is detached from illusion and finally, a world of
purusha that is free and isolated can be reached. The Patanjali Yoga adds Ishvara,
which is not God but a sort of Macropurusha who does not engage in psycho-mental
activities or karma and cannot have a personal relationship with humans, only a
metaphysical compatibility with Yogis, and a Special Mortgage Technique is
required, to attain purusha.

Tantrism and Hatha Yoga follows a pantheistic view of liberation as a journey where
the human self returns to the Ultimate Reality, an impersonal embodiment in Shiva,
similar to the concept of reuniting atman to Brahman. The human self can be
manifested in energy kundalini which can be awakened by physical exercise,
sexuality and respiratory techniques. The Self then passes through a spiritual
channel which ends in the crown where he is united with Shiva, the ultimate reality
of the universe. This goal cannot be reached by knowledge alone, but needs the help
of a ‘Guru’ as awareness and kundalini development can harm the Yogi. The
Upanishads and Vendata view the body as the main source of illusion within which
Atman can be found, but Tantraism and Hatha Yoga view the body as an instrument
to achieve liberation. However, more focus is put in the control of the mind to
liberate ones’ Self.

Hatha Yoga is not detrimental, but must be taught so it can reach the ‘Raja Level’.
Liberation of atman through jnana or tapa is not affordable so most hindus choose to
do bhakti, which is an activity specific devotion. The most important Gods for
devotion is Vishnu and his avatar, Ram and Krishna, Shiva and Shakti or her other
forms, Kali or Durga. Therefore theism in Hinduism has 3 branches:
 Vaishnavism
 Shaivism
 Shaktism
All 3 have the same following characteristics:
 Recognition of personal deities as Supreme Reality
 Worship of Gods with certain rituals
 Supplication to help with salvation
 Salvation is the union with God or attainment of a perfect and eternal
relationship with Him
Many hindu theistic schools, such as Vaishanava developed by Ramanuja and
Madhva in their efforts to explain their understanding of salvation. They proclaimed
a form of Hindu theism is known to be most coherent today, in comparison with
traditional pantheistic flow, in particular, Advaita Vedanta from Shankara.

According to Madhva, liberation is can only be attained by Vishnu's grace. With

reincarnation he punishes the evil deeds of people and help that soul to find nature
spiritual truth. To attain liberation requires devotion, moral perfection and
knowledge of Vishnu. The more known he is, the more loved he is and vice versa, so
that both are two inseparable aspects. The soul that attains liberation does not lose
individuality to be united with Vishnu, but becoming perfect and becoming one in
harmony with Him/Her. Madhva's theism recognizes karma. On the one hand, it is
said that nothing happens against Vishnu's will and initiative. However, on the
other side, the soul submits to karma, and Vishnu reveal oneself only to those who
are deserve it.

To overcome the dilemma of karma and power of Vishnu, according to Madhva, the
soul has a tendency to be spiritual, by nature.
Based on this trend, three types are distinguished soul:
 Souls with noble tendencies (sattvika),
 Normal Tendecncies (rajasa) and,
 Bad Tendencies (tamasa).
Only the first group will reach liberation by Vishnu's grace, and others are left alone.

To escape destiny (predestination), Madhva states that the soul is given a little will
free (dattasvatantrya) and can do little improvement over their natures from one
existence to another existence. Thus Vishnu ceases to be the sole determinant of the
soul's actions, and is not fully controlling the soul. According to Ramanuja (1017-
1137), humans are responsible for their actions and can choose between good and
evil. Liberation from the bondage of ignorance can be achieved only by devotion.
Once liberated, the soul does not dissolve into the Supreme Reality, but becomes
perfected through integration into Vishnu functionality.

There are two classic views of inner grace in theistic Hinduism, which is likened to
ape behavior and cat behavior. In the view of the markata school, humans must cling
to Vishnu like a monkey clings to its parent, and will then have a meaningful
contribution in attain liberation. The conditions include, choosing food, avoiding
lust, craving for Vishnu and meditation without pause, do good to others,
maintaining goodwill and sincerity, integrity, joy and hope. This not only evokes
positive feelings, but also use our intellect and will to love Vishnu with our minds
and hearts.

According to the second view, the flow of marjara, a devotee must behave like
kittens, who depend completely on will its mother, and let herself be picked up by
its mother and taken anywhere. Thus, humans must give up control of their lives to
Vishnu and letting him
take the initiative and responsibility for their safety, and use it as an instrument in
the world, thus liberation would entirely a merit of Vishnu. Many Hindu schools
that are
by earnestly developing various techniques, emphasizing liberation on the basis of
self-effort, or the concept of prapatti, which is when someone is so despicable and
weak at presence of Vishnu, Hindu spirituality has undergone a radical
transformation.

The entire philosophy of prapatti can be summarized in one stanza, written by

Vedanta Deshika:
Lord, I, who is nothing, direct myself to your will and don't want to challenge it; and
by faith and prayer, I leave it to you to save my soul.

Summary of “Keselamatan dalam Agama Buddha”

Theravada Buddhism
According to the Buddha, liberation from suffering can be possible for people who
accept and follow the four noble truths:
1) The nature of existence is suffering.
2) Suffering is caused by desire, or thirst (tanha) to enjoy existence.
3) Cessation of desire results in cessation suffering.
4) To escape from suffering and achieve enlightenment must follow the Eight Noble
Paths.

The noble paths are to be followed by self-training. It can be grouped into three
categories:
 Morality (Sila) - Morality includes right speaking and doing and living right.
This category aimed at creating levels self-control and perfect satisfaction.
 Meditation (Samadhi) - Meditation demands perfection of effort (right
attitude and thought), vigilance (awareness mental and physical processes),
and concentration (introversion and cessation of empirical consciousness).
 Wisdom (Panna) - Wisdom demands a perfected view (through
understanding of nature an impermanent world) and intention (development
in giving up desire, hospitality and compassion)

There are two types of Buddhist meditation by nature:

 Calm meditation (Samatha) - Quiet meditation is a product of deep
concentration (samadhi) by developing the mental state when one is
undisturbed and centered on a single object of perception.
 Insight meditation (Vipassana) - Insight meditation aims to understand
nature of actual things, which include suffering and non-self.

Quiet meditation is controlling the mind, while insight meditation is to let the mind
be free to understand the nature of the world. A person who takes this path must
rely on his own inner strength. There is no help or kindness acceptable from a
personal god, because personal existence is included in illusory world. Having
attained nirvana, one becomes arhat or "one who lives with enlightenment". Karma
is dissolved and at death personal existence is gone. Nirvana, which is the negation
of the illusion of self, is like a flame that is blown out and dies and suffering ends

Mahayana Buddhism (The devotional path)

Theravada Buddhism is all about the purpose of life while in Mahayana Buddhism
the goal of life is not attaining nirvana for oneself by becoming arhat, but instead
becomes a bodhisattva, that is a heavenly existence that is postponed to entering into
parinirvana (final dissolution) to help others attain nirvana. The Theravada school is
often regarded as the lower spiritual path by flow Mahayana, which applies to those
who cannot accept the idea of being a bodhisattva. The origin of the term reflects
two Buddhist traditions:
Mahayana means "big path / high" (become a bodhisattva), and Hinayana
(Theravada) means "narrow / low road", with a purpose of just being an arhat.

The Theravada view of nirvana is only considered as a stage of achievement

between, towards true enlightenment. Due to the help given by the bodhisattvas, it
is believed that all beings will reach perfection. Belief in helpful bodhisattvas help
others to achieve this liberation as it is considered as the penetration of the religious
devotional tradition from Hinduism into Buddhism. The pattern of devotion applied
here is similar to devotional patterns in Hinduism. This trend then became a
religious way for the Buddhist people, to whom it may be a little difficult to choose
the path of liberation just through intuitive knowledge. A new doctrine has been
formed, called the doctrine of emptiness (shunyata).

This doctrine first surfaced within Prajnaparamita Sutra (1st century B.C.) and later
developed by Nagarjuna (2nd century AD). The Abhidharma tradition teaches that
the five skanda (aggregates) can be further detailed into small units called dharma.
The Theravada school teaches that every physical and mental events have a basic
element consisting of 82 dharmas. The Madhyamaka (Nagarjuna) School emphasizes
that dharma itself must be considered impermanent and selfless, if not, the
impermanence principle may be violated. Therefore, all elements of physical
phenomena and mentality should be viewed as dreamlike or magical illusions. Its
nature is emptiness. Therefore, the whole world is nothing more but a network of
unfounded phenomena that are dependent on each other.

Emptiness is not a substance that forms dharma, but only an adjective qualitative for
dharma. Nirvana means realizing emptiness (shunya) is the true nature of reality
(kodrat Buddha, or dharmakaya).

Summary of “THE DOCTRINE OF CREATION”

Every culture and nation has a story of creation of the world, which shows the
efforts of these nations to answer the questions of human origin and the purpose of
living.

Hinduism
Before there was the universe, there was only Brahman, which is unbound to life and
death, time, movement etc. and is eternal. In the beginning there was nothing, not
even death or life. There was nothing other than Brahman. There was only complete
darkness and immeasurable emptiness. Then with great heat came an empty unit.
After that, desire arose which is the initial seed. After meditation the Rsi found out
the relationship of what is and what is not there. The light stretched out, some
became out pourers of seed. What is food is at a lower level that what eats food. The
Gods came to exist after this.
The Rig Veda states that universe was created by Brahman from the already existing
elements. The basic element of this world is Asat or Aditi which is infinity. The
Samhita Veda states that the world was created by the Gods, but some say that in the
beginning there was water and the world came to existence from time and kama.
Some say that water came from chaos and darkness. Others say that within the
chaotic seas contained the Universal egg, and from this egg Wismakarman was born
who is the creator of the world. In the Brahmana Era, Prajapatillah was seen to be the
creator or the father who takes care of the world, because of how similar this world
is to him. In the Upanishad Era, Brahman is considered to be the origin of the world,
just like how a spider creates webs. According to Taittiriya Upanishad, Brahman
created ether, from which air arose, from which fire arose, from which water arose
and water flowed on the Earth. From the Earth, plants, animals and man came.
Everything is Brahman.

After the development of Buddhism, this incarnation teaching became influenced by

the Samkhya philosophy and Religious Scriptures. Higher Brahman incarnates
himself into lower Apara Brahman such as Shiva. Creation is called Srsti, namely the
flow out of what is
is potentially already in Brahman. Everything is Brahman himself. There is no
difference
in substance between Brahman and Atman. According to the Puranas, in the
beginning of conception, Brahmada, Purusha and Prakerti was created so that this
world could be born.

First there was Citta (mind), which has already begun to be influenced by Triguna,
namely Sattwam, Rajas and Tamas. The next stage was the formation of
Triantahkarana, which consists of Buddhi (instinct), Manah (mind), and Ahamkara
(selfishness). Next, came Pancabuddhindria and Pancakarmendria, which is also
called Dasendria (ten senses).

The ten Indria evolved into Pancatanmatra, namely the five elemental seeds of the
very subtle universe. The five seeds are described as follows:
  Sabdatanmatra (seed of voice)
 Rupatanmatra (seed of vision)
 Rasatanmatra (flavor seed)
 Gandhatanmatra (seed of smell)
 Sparsatanmatra (touch seed)
Pancatanmatra evolved into matter elements of real material. The elements are
named Pancamahabhuta, or the Five Elements of Natural Substances:
 Akasa (ether)
 Bayu (gaseous substance, air)
 Teja (plasma, fire, heat)
 Apah (liquid)
 Nature (solids, earth, metal)
Buddhism
The Buddha explained that He sat under the bodhi tree before attaining full
enlightenment. He saw clearly how this earth was formed, how humans can exist on
this earth, how can galaxies be as it is now. But what is important in this discussion
is that the galaxies that exist in Nature. This Universe is not the first of all
formations. But it has been destroyed and rebuilt many times. After He saw that, He
then stopped at a point. In another explanation the Buddha stated that the main
elements that make up the universe will not perish, in other words these great
elements are permanent. Based on the terms we understand together, something the
eternal has no beginning.

This statement of the Buddha can be found in the Kevaddha Sutta, where it is said a
monk asked the Buddha “Where the four great elements cease without the rest?”
At that time, the Buddha corrected the question and said “you shouldn't ask in this
way: 'Where are the four great elements - the earth element, the water element, the
fire element, the wind element - vanish without remainder? 'rather, this is how the
question should be asked: 'Where earth, water, fire and wind do not find the basis?”.

No supernatural being is the creator of everything. Gautama stated that it is our own
thoughts that made this world (Dhamapadda), because of the causality law which
has been disguised by time. The Sakyamuni Buddha, however, states that “if there is
a being who designed the world's life, glory and misery, good deeds and evil deeds -
then humans are none other than a tool of his will and the creature is responsible for
it.” In Udana VII, Buddha said: "There are those who are not born, those who are not
incarnate, who are not Created, the Absolute "

In Digha Nikaya, it is said that the universe consists only of the mind, always happy,
his body gave off light, moving through the sky with glory, and lasted so for a very
long time, once. At that time the earth consisted only of water masses and
everything was dark. There is no moon or sun yet, no solar system, no stars visible,
no calculations of time of month, year or season, no men and women yet, only that
creature exists. Then after a very long time, the bubbles formed above the surface of
the water mass on which the creatures were. The color is like that of curd or butter,
and tastes like honey. Then, some of the greedy creatures tasted this froth. When he
did, he liked it, and desire arose amongst them. So they started eating it. After that,
his body glow disappeared; then moon and sun, day and night, month and mid-
month, year and season, begin.

The Buddha explained that this Universe exists as law called Dhamma Niyama. This
Dhamma Niyama is the nature of that Universe alone. Like water by its nature, it can
be evaporated when hot and freeze when exposed to cold.

Islam
The origin of the universe is described in the Qur'an in the following paragraphs:
 "He is the creator of heaven and earth." (Surah Al-An'am: 101)
 "Praise be to Allah Who created the heavens and the earth and set up
darkness and light, but unbelievers associate (something) with their Lord ”.
(Surah Al-An'am / 6: 1)
 And the sky We wake up with (Our) power and verily We are really
expanding it. "(Qur'an, 51:47)
 “Allah, there is no God (who has the right to be worshiped) but He Who is
Eternal Life is constantly taking care of (His creatures); not sleepy and not
sleeping (Al Baqarah 255).
Creation of Qalam
 The Prophet said, "Surely the first time Allah created is Qalam (pen), then it is
said to him, 'Write! '. He replied, 'What must do I write? 'He replied,' Write
the destiny of everything until the Day of Resurrection comes. "
Kursiy creation
Kursiy is the place where the soles of God's feet, the area is compared to seven layers
the sky and is like a shield on which 7 pieces of currency are placed.

Creation of Arsy
 Throne is a station where Allah is residing above it, the area and size if
compared to his Kursiy like a field sand when compared to a circular bracelet.
Arsy lies on the water. (Surat Hud: 7).
 Indeed your Lord is Allah who has created heaven and earth in the six pasts,
then He dwells in and above 'Arsy
 He wraps the night into the day that follows him quickly, and (He also
created) the sun, moon and the stars (each) submit to His commandments.
Remember, creating and ruling is only the right of Allah. Glory be to Allah,
Lord of the worlds (Surah al-A'raf / 6: 54)

Six Times
• Earth creation occurred in 2 days. (Surah Fushshilat: 9).
• Earth Creation & Its Content on the third and fourth days. (QS. Fushshilat: 10).
• Creation of Heaven & 7 Layers on the fifth day and sixth. (QS. Fushshilat: 11-12)
• The creation of the universe was complete on the sixth day (Friday). (Surah Al-
A'raf: 54)
• "And it is He who created night and day, the sun and month. Each of the two was
circulating within orbit. "(Qur'an, 21:33)
• "And the sun walks in its circulation. Thus decree The Almighty, the Knowing.
"(Qur'an,
36:38)
• “He created the heavens and the earth with (purpose) the truth; He covers the
night over day and closes the day over evening ... "(Qur'an, 39: 5)
• "He is Allah, Who made everything on earth for you and He wills towards the
heavens, then He made seven heavens. And He is All-Knowing all things. "(Qur'an,
2:29)
• "Then He headed for the sky, and the sky was still represents smoke. So He made
it seven heavens in two ages and He revealed in each one, heaven is his business.
"(Qur'an, 41: 11-12)

Christianity
• "In the beginning Allah created the heavens and the earth". (Genesis 1: 1)
• “The earth is formless and empty; pitch black covered the great oceans, and the
Spirit of God hovered above the water's surface. " (Genesis 1: 2)

Creation is seen as a change from the formless emptiness to the existence of the
universe.

6 Days of Creation
• Day 1: Creation of light. The Separation of Light from Dark; On the first day, God
separated light from darkness (Genesis 1: 4). This parallels the fourth day on the day
of Allah make light objects - sun and moon – for rule of day and night (Genesis 1: 16-
18)
• Day 2: Allah created the firmament; On the second day, God separated the water
below the firmament of the water that was above it (Genesis 1: 7). This parallel to the
fifth day when Allah make birds that fly across the horizon, as well as sea animals
and other creatures cried out in the water (Genesis 1: 20-21)
• Day 3: Land separated by sea; vegetation was created; On the third day, Allah
separated the dry land from water, then made vegetation (Genesis
1: 9-12). This parallels the sixth day on which day Allah made livestock and wild
animals in the face of the earth, as well as humans - male and female - to rule all
other living beings
(Genesis 1: 24-27).
• Day 4: The sun, moon and stars were created
• Day 5: Animals in the sea and birds in the air
• Day 6: Earthly animals, cattle and reptiles, Humans
first created (Adam and Eve)

Chinese Culture Creation Myths

They think that before this world was formed, heaven (Tian) and earth (Di) are one
unity is called the formless or chaotic state (Hun Dun). This universe was created by
Pan Gu, who was born of an egg by having a pair horns, two tusks, and a hairy
body. It is said that Pan Gu created this universe of the rock symbolizing the 18,000
chaos of the year.

Another Chinese creation story says that nature and this universe came from Pan
Gu's corpse. His eyes became sun and moon respectively, her blood became rivers,
her hair turned into vegetation, and his flesh became this earth. Humans come from
parasites that crawl up their bodies.

Creation and Evolution

Evolution is a naturalistic engineering to explain the origin and development of the
universe, where everything is made through a series of coincidental events billions
of years go. The teaching of evolution is however not really scientific. According to
the scientific method, all conclusions must be based on undeniable evidence, the
results of various experiments which can be repeated at laboratory. There is no
denying that it changes and the development of various types of living things
indeed occur. But there is no evidence, even in the geological record, which supports
the theory that one kind of living thing evolved from other types.

Concept of Salvation in Various Religions

Hinduism

Depending on which book, Hinduism have slightly different concepts of salvation.

In Rig Veda, we see human beings as individual creatures who depend on the Gods,
and their purpose is to live harmoniously in Heaven. Yama, the God of death, reigns
over the dead. Worship from the family of a soul who has passed on is accepted as
an offering for the soul’s prosperous life after death. Evil individuals are to rot in the
eternal dark prison.

 In the Upanishads, however, it is said that the soul wishes to impersonally reunite
with the universal soul, Brahman, but illusion stands in the way. The exemption of
one’s atman from the cycle of reincarnation onto the path of Moksha, can be
achieved through the practise of good karma and gaining intuitive knowledge (jnana
or vidya) in one’s existential lifetime. Freedom from the cycle of Avidya-Karma-
Samsara can be achieved by letting go of desire. 

According to the Vedanta Shankara, the path to reach intuitive knowledge can be

reached by:

·             distinguishing between the eternal and the impermanent

·             letting go of any attachment to the things of this world

·             master the 6 virtues of calm, stability, keeping away from sense objects,
patience, concentration and belief in doctrine

·             dreaming and being in awe about exemption.

Buddhism
According to Theravada Buddha, liberation from suffering can be possible for
people who accept and follow the four noble truths:
1) The nature of existence is suffering.
2) Suffering is caused by desire, or thirst (tanha) to enjoy existence.
3) Cessation of desire results in cessation suffering.
4) To escape from suffering and achieve enlightenment must follow the Eight Noble
Paths.

The noble paths are to be followed by self-training. It can be grouped into three
categories:
 Morality (Sila) - Morality includes right speaking and doing and living right.
This category aimed at creating levels self-control and perfect satisfaction.
 Meditation (Samadhi) - Meditation demands perfection of effort (right
attitude and thought), vigilance (awareness mental and physical processes),
and concentration (introversion and cessation of empirical consciousness).
 Wisdom (Panna) - Wisdom demands a perfected view (through
understanding of nature an impermanent world) and intention (development
in giving up desire, hospitality and compassion)
Theravada Buddhism focuses on the self and the direct path to Nirvana is seen as
through meditation.

In Mahayana Buddhism the goal of life is not attaining nirvana for oneself by
becoming arhat, but instead becomes a bodhisattva, that is a heavenly existence that
is postponed to entering into parinirvana (final dissolution) to help others attain
nirvana.

The Theravada view of nirvana is only considered as a stage of achievement

between, towards true enlightenment. Due to the help given by the bodhisattvas, it
is believed that all beings will reach perfection. Belief in helpful bodhisattvas help
others to achieve this liberation as it is considered as the penetration of the religious
devotional tradition from Hinduism into Buddhism.

This trend then became a religious way for the Buddhist people, to whom it may be
a little difficult to choose the path of liberation just through intuitive knowledge. A
new doctrine has been formed, called the doctrine of emptiness (shunyata).

In Mahayana Buddhism the concept of Bodhisattva, bridges the path of salvation to

Nirvana, where believers help others so that they can reach it and so one’s journey to
Nirvana is postponed and prolonged.

Islam

Islam teaches that salvation can only be achieved through worship to Allah alone; to
believe in Allah and carry out His commandments. Because there is only one God,
salvation and lasting happiness can be attained only through pure and sincere
worship. Islam teaches that humans are born sinless and naturally inclined to
worship Allah. But humans are also given free will and because it can do wrong and
sin. To maintain sanctity, humans must follow God's commandments and live a
godly life.
If you commit a sin, only sincere repentance by asking forgiveness from God is
required. When a person sins he is away from Allah, but sincere repentance brings
him back. Islam teaches that all people are sinners and salvation can be achieved by
practicing the Five Pillars of Islam:
1) believe that there is no god but Allah and
2) that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah;
3) pray five times a day;
4) fasting during the month of Ramadan;
5) pay zakat;
6) perform the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime, if possible.

Islam teaches that Allah is most forgiving, and never tired of forgiving. Making a
mistake is natural as it is human. Sometimes that mistake is not done on purpose,
but sometimes someone consciously commit sins and do mistakes to other people.
Therefore, humans always need forgiveness. Life in this world is full of trials and
tribulations, but God has not left humans. He equips man with intellect and the
ability to choose, as well make decisions. He also provides guidance.

In various verses of the Koran Allah asks humans to return to Him and repent and
ask Allah's forgiveness, which is the way salvation that escapes destruction. The
Koran is also a book of hope. It is exposed to affection, compassion and forgiveness
of Allah so that humans may not be in a state of despair. No matter how big a
person's sin if he returns to Allah and asks for His forgiveness, he will be saved.

Judaism

In Judaism salvation is closely related to the concept of redemption, which is the

salvation from circumstances which suppresses the value of human existence.

Allah, as universal spirit and the Creator of the world, is the source salvation of all
people who honor Him by obeying His commandments. Therefore, redemption or
depends on man himself. Judaism insists that salvation is not obtained through other
people or by the summoning of Gods or is outside one’s influence. A classic example
of rescue from bondage
is the redemption of the ancient Jewish people who suffered from slavery for under
400 years
ruler of Egypt, Phira'aun. Under the leadership of Moses, there was not just an
exodus, a freedom to the desert, but also liberation them from the massacre
committed by Egyptian soldiers chasing them because of magic water, helping them
to pass by.

Christianity

Confession of sin, followed by acceptance Christ's atoning sacrifice is called

repentance.
Repentance means more than just regretting past mistakes, it means regretting
rejecting Jesus Christ as Savior, accompanied by a changed mentality: if originally
Jesus is viewed as a human who has the same pretensions as God, this is replaced by
belief in Him as a Savior. Changes in attitude towards Jesus clung to the view that
He is not only a human, a prophet, a teacher or similar, but Savior of the world, the
only "name under heaven given to man as Savior. In the Old and Testament there is
the same pattern of redemption; it is for man a work of God to do whatever is
necessary for it. We receive this gift from God and live by faith to Christ, as an
acknowledgment of our inability to achieve salvation on our own.

One of the central teachings of Christianity is that of God and The Son is very much
concerned about the condition of man, so that He entered into the realm of time and
space, becoming man and died on the cross in his place of man who have sinned. If
Allah had not isolated evil, and accept the presence of people who don't want His
presence, then He is unjust.
Hell is the result of a person's free choice to not depend on Allah and refuse Him.
According to Christian teaching, eternal life is not an erasure of the soul and human
personality, but an inner perfect existence and eternal union with God. The highest
human experience is not dissolute impersonally but to perfect this eternal union.

Jesus Christ, the perfect solution to sin. Although God is almighty, He is also holy
and fair. He cannot just swallow man's sin. However, God is also merciful.
Therefore, the solution to the problem of sin cannot be easy.

Confucianism

Confucius believed that life after death is incomprehensible to human beings, and
that we should focus more on the life we are living right now rather than the
uncertain afterlife that is awaiting us. This means to promote a disciplined ideal and
social relation during our lives rather than act based on expectation of rewards. That
being said, Confucius believed that ancestral worship is incredibly important. The
afterlife is less important to Confucians than how to live a life by fulfilling their
obligations.

Taoism

Salvation does not include redemption, nor does it bother the afterlife. It is when one
is in tune with nature and natural energy. It is when one’s inner energy is balanced
while he/she accepts the world for what it is and interacts and lives harmoniously
within it. Soft martial arts may help guide one to achieve an inner balance and peace,
which results in salvation.