 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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E‫א‬F‫א‬ E١٦ J ٢ F ‫א‬ 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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‫ א‬E١٧ J ٢ F ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 K?‫א‬?‫א‬_١
 K‫א‬‫א‬_٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬_٣

E١٨J ٢F‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ 


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١٩J ٢F‫א‬
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‫א‬E٢٠J ٢F‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
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 E٢١J ٢F‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ?‫א‬?‫א‬E٣
‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
WE٢٢J ٢F‫א‬  K‫א‬E٢٢J ٢F
E‫א‬F‫א‬ 
ScrapersEF‫א‬E٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬_
 KE‫א‬‫א‬__F‫א‬_ 
 KE_F‫א‬_ 
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬_ ‫א‬


 K‫א‬ E٢٣J ٢F‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬F‫א‬ E٢٣ J ٢ F ‫א‬

 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K





E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬WE٢٤ J ٢ F ‫א‬

- ٣٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



























 E٢٥J ٢F‫א‬

E‫ א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
- ٤٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 K‫א‬E٣
 K‫א‬E٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬٣J ٢
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
‫א‬E٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
!‫א‬‫א‬ K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫اﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ اﻷﺳﺎس‬

‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ اﻟﺮدم‬
(‫)ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷﺳﺎس‬
‫اﻷرض‬
‫اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬

‫א‬‫א‬ E٢٦ J ٢ F ‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١J ٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٦J ٢F‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 KE  

 K‫א‬‫א‬E  

 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫ه‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬٢٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    E٢٧J ٢F‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬











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
‫א‬E٢٧J ٢F‫א‬ 



‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬٢٠‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E ‫ه‬ 

 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E  


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠٪٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٨J ٢F








E٢٨J ٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬٣J ٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ٣J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬٢J ٣J ٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ –‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪٣٠‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
 K‫א‬ E٣

 ‫א‬٣J ٣J ٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
 K‫א‬ E٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧


 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
 ‫א‬٤J ٣J ٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬ E٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣J ٢
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬


 W،‫א‬


K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١
K‫א‬‫א‬ E٢
‫א‬E٢٩J ٢F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




    


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ أ‬E٢٩ J ٢ F ‫א‬




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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦


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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٠J ٢F








‫א‬ E٣٠ J ٢ F  ‫א‬



 W‫א‬


K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬E  

 K‫א‬‫א‬E


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٣J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٣١J ٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣١J ٢F‫א‬ 
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 E٣٢–٢F‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 KEF‫א‬E
 KEF‫א‬E
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤J ٢FE٣٣J ٢F‫א‬
‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٣J ٢F‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤J ٢F‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬E٣٥–٢F‫א‬
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 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٦J ٢F‫א‬،‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 E٣٦J ٢F‫א‬
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E‫ א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
J ٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬E٣٧
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٧J ٢F‫א‬ 
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 ‫א‬E‫ه‬F
‫א‬‫א‬E٣٨J ٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٨J ٢F‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٣٩ J ٢ F ‫א‬

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