SRI

SRIMATHI SUNDARAVALLI MEMORIAL SCHOOL

CHENNAI

CHAPTER 9 – ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSIONS AND IDENTITIES

CLASS : VIII

DATE : 18.08.2021

IDENTITY:

A identity is an equality which is true for all values of the

variables in the equality. On the other hand, an equation is true
only for certain values of its variables.

An equation is not an identity.

Standard Identities:

(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2

(a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2

(x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab

Exercise 9.5

1. Use a suitable identity to get each of the following products.

(i) (x + 3) (x + 3)

Solution:

(x + 3) (x + 3)

= (x + 3)2

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It is in the form of (a + b)2

Using identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(iii) (2a – 7) (2a – 7)

Solution:

(2a – 7) (2a – 7)

= (2a – 7)2

It is in the form of (a - b)2

Using identity (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2

𝟏 𝟏
(iv) (3a − ) (3a − )
𝟐 𝟐

Solution:

It is in the form of (a − b)2

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Using identity (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2

(v) (1.1m – 0.4) (1.1m + 0.4)

Solution:

It is in the form of (a + b) (a – b)

Using the identity (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2

(vi) (a2 + b2) (-a2 + b2)

Solution:

(a2 + b2) (-a2 + b2)

It is in the form of (a + b) (a – b)

Using the identity (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2

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(viii) (-a + c) (-a + c)

Solution:

(-a + c) (-a + c)

= (c – a) (c – a)

= (c – a)2

It is in the form of (a − b)2

Using the identity (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2

= c2 – 2ca + a2

𝒙 𝟑𝒚 𝒙 𝟑𝒚
(ix) (𝟐 + ) (𝟐 + )
𝟒 𝟒

Solution:

It is in the form of (a + b)2

Using identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

2. Use the identity (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab to find the

following products.

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(iii) (4x − 5) (4x − 1)

Solution:

(4x − 5) (4x − 1)

It can be written as (4x + (−5)) (4x + (−1))

Using the identity (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab

4x + (−5)) (4x + (−1)) = (4x)2 + (−5 + −1) 4x + (−5)(−1)

= 16x2 – 24x + 5

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(iv) (4x + 5) (4x −1)

Solution:

(4x + 5) (4x −1)

It can be written as (4x + 5) (4x + (-1))

Using the identity (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab

(4x + 5) (4x + (-1)) = (4x)2 + (5 + (−1))4x + 5 × (−1)

= 16x2 + 16x – 5

(vi) (2a2 + 9) (2a2 + 5)

Solution:

Using the identity (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab

= (2a2)2 + (9 + 5) 2a2 + 5 × 9

= 4a4 + 28a2 + 45

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(vii) (xyz – 4) (xyz – 2)

Solution:

(xyz – 4) (xyz – 2)

It can be written as (xyz + (– 4)) (xyz + (– 2))

Using the identity (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab

(xyz)2 + (−4 + (−2)) (xyz) + (−4) (−2)

3. Find the following squares by using the identities.

(ii) (xy + 3z)2

Solution:

Using identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

= x2y2 + 6xyz + 9z2

(iii) (6x2 – 5y)2

Solution:

(6x2 – 5y)2

Using the identity (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2

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 𝟐 𝟑
(iv) ( m+ 𝐧)2
𝟑 𝟐

Solution:

Using identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(v) (0.4p – 0.5q)2

Solution:

(0.4p – 0.5q)2

Using the identity (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2

4. Simplify:

(i) (a2 – b2)2

Solution:

(a2 – b2)2

(a2 – b2)2 is in the form (a − b)2

Using the identity (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2

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(iii) (7m – 8n)2 + (7m + 8n)2

Solution:

(7m – 8n)2 + (7m + 8n)2

(7m – 8n)2 is in the form of (a – b)2

Using the identity (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2

(7m – 8n)2 = (7m)2 – 2 ×7m × 8n + (8n)2

= 49m2 – 112mn + 64n2 1

(7m + 8n)2 is in the form (a + b)2

Using identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(7m + 8n)2 = (7m)2 + 2 ×7m × 8n + (8n)2

= 49m2 + 112mn + 64m2 2

By adding 1 and 2 we get

(7m – 8n)2 + (7m + 8n)2

= 49m2 – 112mn + 64n2 + 49m2 + 112mn + 64n2

= 49m2 + 49m2 + 64n2 + 64n2 – 112mn + 112mn

= 98m2 + 128n2

(v) (2.5p – 1.5q)2 – (1.5p – 2.5q)2

Solution:

Using the identity a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)

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(2.5p – 1.5q + 1.5p − 2.5q ) (2.5p – 1.5q − 1.5p + 2.5q)

= (4p – 4q) (p + q)

= 4p × p + 4p × q – 4q × p – 4q × q

= 4p2 + 4pq – 4pq – 4q2

= 4p2 – 4q2

(vii) (m2 – n2m)2 + 2m3n2

Solution:

(m2 – n2m)2 + 2m3n2

(m2 – n2m)2 is in the form of (a − b)2

Using the identity (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2

5. Show that.

(iii) Show that

Solution:

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Using the identity (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2

LHS = RHS

Hence proved.

(iv) (4pq + 3q)2 – (4pq – 3q)2 = 48pq2

Solution:

To show that

(4pq + 3q)2 – (4pq – 3q)2 = 48pq2

Using the identity a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)

(4pq + 3q)2 – (4pq – 3q)2 = [(4pq + 3q) + (4pq – 3q)] [(4pq + 3q) –
(4pq – 3q)]

= (4pq + 3q + 4pq – 3q) (4pq + 3q – 4pq + 3q)

= 8pq × 6q

= 48pq2 = RHS

LHS = RHS

Hence proved.

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(v) (a – b)(a + b) + (b – c) (b + c) + (c – a) (c + a) = 0

Solution:

To show that

(a – b)(a + b) + (b – c) (b + c) + (c – a) (c + a) = 0

LHS: (a – b) (a + b) + (b – c) (b + c) + (c – a) (c + a)

(a – b)(a + b), (b – c) (b + c), (c – a) (c + a) are in the form of

(a – b) (a + b)

Using identity (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2

= a2 – b2 + b2 – c2 + c2 – a2

= 0 = RHS

LHS = RHS

Hence proved.

6. Using identities, evaluate.

(i) 712

Solution:

712 = (70 + 1)2

Using identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

(70 + 1)2 = 702 +( 2 × 70 × 1) + 12

= 4900 + 140 + 1

= 5041

Hence 712 = 5041

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(iv) 9982

Solution:

9982 = (1000 - 2)2

Using the identity (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2

(1000 - 2)2 = 10002 – (2 × 1000 × 2) + 22

= 1000000 − 4000 + 4

= 996004

Hence 9982 = 996004

(vi) 297 × 303

Solution:

297 × 303 = (300 − 3) (300 + 3)

Using identity (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2

(300 − 3) (300 + 3) = 3002 − 32

= 90000 – 9

= 89991

Hence 297 × 303 = 89991

(vii) 78 × 82

Solution:

78 × 82 = (80 – 2) (80 + 2)

Using identity (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2

(80 – 2) (80 + 2) = 802 − 22

= 6400 – 4

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= 6396

Hence 78 × 82 = 6396

(viii) 8.92

Solution:

8.92 = (9 – 0.1)2

Using the identity (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2

(9 – 0.1)2 = 92 – (2 × 9 × 0.1) + (0.1)2

= 81 – 1.8 + 0.01

= 81.01 – 1.8

= 79.21

Hence 8.92 = 79.21

(ix) 1.05 × 9.5

Solution:

1.05 × 9.5 = (1 + 0.05) (1 + 8.5)

Using the identity (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab

(1 + 0.05) (1 + 8.5) = 12 + (0.05 + 8.5) × 1 + (0.05 × 8.5)

= 1 + 8.55 + 0.425

= 9.975

Hence 1.05 × 9.5 = 9.975

7. Using a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b), find

(ii) (1.02)2 – (0.98)2

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Solution:

Using the identity a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)

(1.02)2 – (0.98)2 = (1.02 + 0.98) (1.02 – 0.98)

= 2.00 × 0.04

= 0.08

(iii) 1532 - 1472

Solution:

Using the identity a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)

1532 – 1472 = (153 + 147) (153 – 147)

= 300 × 6

= 1800

(iv) 12.12 – 7.92

Solution:

Using the identity a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b)

12.12 – 7.92 = (12.1 + 7.9) (12.1 – 7.9)

= 20.0 × 4.2

= 84

8. Using (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab, find

(ii) 5.1 × 5.2

Solution:

5.1 × 5.2 = (5 + 0.1) (5 + 0.2)

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Using identity (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab

(5 + 0.1) (5 + 0.2) = (5)2 + (0.1 + 0.2) (5) + 0.1 × 0.2

= 25 + 1.5 + 0.02

= 26.5 + 0.02

= 26.52

(iii) 103 × 98

Solution:

103 × 98 = (100 + 3) (100 − 2)

(100 + 3) (100 – 2) can be written as (100 + 3) (100 + (– 2))

Using identity (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab

(100 + 3) (100 + (−2)) = (100)2 + (3 − 2) (100) + 3 × (−2)

= 10000 + 100 – 6

= 10100 – 6

= 10094

(iv) 9.7 × 9.8

Solution:

9.7 × 9.8 = (9 +0.7) (9 + 0.8)

Using identity (x + a) (x + b) = x2 + (a + b) x + ab

(9 +0.7) (9 + 0.8) = 92 + (0.7 + 0.8) × 9 + (0.7 × 0.8)

= 81 + 13.5 + 0.56

= 95.06

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HOMEWORK:
EXERCISE 9.5
1. (ii), (vii), (x)

2. (i), (ii), (v)

3. (i), (vi)
4. – (ii), (iv), (vi)
5. – (i), (ii)
6. – (ii), (iii), (v)
7. – (i)
8. – (i)

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