SRIMATHI SUNDARAVALLI MEMORIAL SCHOOL

CHENNAI

CHAPTER 2 – LINEAR EQUATIONS IN ONE VARIABLE

CLASS : VIII

DATE : 30.06.2021

______________________________________________________________________________

An algebraic equation is an equality involving variables.

The value of the expression on one side of the equality sign is equal to the
value of the expression on the other side.

Exercise 2.1

Solve the following equations.

3. 6 = z + 2

Solution:

6=z+2

6−2=z

z=4

𝟑 𝟏𝟕
4. +x=
𝟕 𝟕

Solution:

3 17
+x=
7 7

17 3
x= −
7 7
17−3 14
x= =
7 7

1
x=2

𝒕
6. = 10
𝟓

Solution:

𝑡
= 10
5

t = 10 × 5

t = 50

𝒚
8. 1.6 =
𝟏.𝟓

Solution:
𝑦
1.6 =
1.5

y = 1.6 × 1.5

y = 2.4

10. 14y – 8 = 13

Solution:

14y – 8 = 13

14y = 13 + 8

14y = 21

21
y=
14
𝟑
y=
𝟐

𝒙 𝟕
12. +1=
𝟑 𝟏𝟓

Solution:

2
𝑥 7
+1=
3 15
𝑥 7
= - 1
3 15
𝑥 7−15
=
3 15
𝑥 −8
=
3 15
−8
x= ×3
15

−𝟖
x=
𝟓

HOMEWORK:

Exercise 2.1

1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 11

Exercise 2.2

𝟒 𝟐
3. The base of an isosceles triangle is cm. The perimeter of the triangle is 𝟒 cm.
𝟑 𝟏𝟓

What is the length of either of the remaining equal sides?

Solution:

Let the length of equal sides be x cm.

2 62
Given perimeter = 4 cm = cm
15 15

2
∴ x cm + x cm + Base = 4 cm
15

3
 42
x=
15 ×2

𝟐
Therefore, the length of equal sides is 1 cm.
𝟓
5. Two numbers are in the ratio 5:3. If they differ by 18, what are the
numbers?

Solution:

Let the two numbers be 5x and 3x.

Difference of no’s = 18

Therefore, the equation is 5x – 3x = 18

2x = 18

18
x=
2

x=9

3x = 3 × 9 = 27

5x = 5 × 9 = 45

Therefore, the numbers are 45 and 27.

7. The sum of three consecutive multiples of 8 is 888. Find the multiples.

Solution:

Let the three consecutive multiples of 8 be 8x, 8x + 8, 8x + 16.

4
Sum of these numbers = 888

∴ 8x + 8x + 8 + 8x + 16 = 888

24x + 24 = 888
24x = 888 - 24

24x = 864

864
x=
24

x = 36

First multiple = 8x = 8 × 36 = 288

Second multiple = 8x + 8 = 288 + 8 = 296

Third multiple = 8x + 16 = 288 + 16 = 304

Hence, the required numbers are 288, 296, and 304.

8. Three consecutive integers are such that when they are taken in
increasing order and multiplied by 2, 3 and 4 respectively, they add up to
74. Find these numbers.

Solution:

Let three consecutive integers be x, x + 1, x + 2.

Sum = 74

As per given condition, the equation is 2x + 3(x + 1) + 4(x + 2) = 74

2x + 3x + 3 + 4x + 8 = 74

9x + 11 = 74

9x = 74 − 11

9x = 63

x=7

5
x+1=7+1=8

x+2=7+2=9

Hence, the required integers are 7, 8, and 9.

9. The ages of Rahul and Haroon are in the ratio 5:7. Four years later the
sum of their ages will be 56 years. What are their present ages?

Solution:

Rahul Haroon

Present age 5x 7x

After 4 years 5x + 4 7x + 4

Sum of ages after 4 years = 56

Therefore, the equation is 5x + 4 + 7x + 4 = 56

12x + 8 = 56

12x = 56 – 8

12x = 48

48
x=
12

x=4

Present age of Rahul = 5x = 5 × 4 = 20

Present age of Haroon = 7x = 7 × 4 = 28

Therefore, the present ages of Rahul and Haroon are 20 years and 28
years.
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6
11. Baichung’s father is 26 years younger than Baichung’s grandfather
and 29 years older than Baichung. The sum of the ages of all the three is
135 years. What is the age of each one of them?

Solution:

Let the age of Baichung be x, then age of his father is (x + 29) and age of his
grandfather is (x + 29) + 26 = x + 55

Given that the sum of their ages = 135

Therefore, the equation is x + x + 29 + x + 55 = 135

3x + 84 = 135

3x = 135 – 84

3x = 51

51
x=
3

x = 17

Therefore, Age of Baichung = x = 17 years

Father’s age = x + 29 = 17 + 29 = 46 years

Grandfather’s age = x + 55 = 17 + 55 = 72 years.

𝟓 𝟐
13. A rational number is such that when you multiply it by and add to
𝟐 𝟑
−𝟕
the product, you get 𝟏𝟐 . What is the number?

Solution:

Let the number be x.

According to the given question,

7
 −𝟏
Hence, the rational number is .
𝟐
14. Lakshmi is a cashier in a bank. She has currency notes of
denominations Rs. 100, Rs. 50 and Rs. 10 respectively. The ratio of the
number of these notes is 2:3:5. The total cash with Lakshmi is
Rs. 4,00,000. How many notes of each denomination does she have?

Solution:

Let the number of currency notes of denominations Rs. 100, Rs. 50 and Rs. 10
be 2x, 3x and 5x respectively.

The amount she has from

Rs. 100 notes = 2x × 100 = 200x

Rs. 50 notes = 3x × 50 = 150x

Rs. 10 notes = 5x × 10 = 50x

Total amount = Rs. 400000

Therefore, the equation is 200x + 150x + 50x = 400000

400x = 400000

400000
x=
400

x = 1000

8
Therefore, number of Rs. 100 notes = 2x = 2 × 1000 = 2000

Number of Rs. 50 notes = 3x = 3 × 1000 = 3000

Number of Rs. 10 notes = 5x = 5 × 1000 = 5000

15. I have a total of Rs 300 in coins of denomination Re 1, Rs 2 and Rs 5.

The number of Rs 2 coins is 3 times the number of Rs 5 coins. The total
number of coins is 160. How many coins of each denomination are with
me?

Solution:

Total number of coins = 160

Let the number of Rs 5 coins be x.

Number of Rs 2 coins = 3 × Number of Rs 5 coins = 3x

Number of Re 1 coins = 160 − (Number of coins of Rs 5 and of Rs 2)

= 160 − (3x + x) = 160 − 4x

Amount of Re 1 coins = Rs [1 × (160 − 4x)] = Rs (160 − 4x)

Amount of Rs 2 coins = Rs (2 × 3x) = Rs 6x

Amount of Rs 5 coins = Rs (5 × x) = Rs 5x

It is given that the total amount is Rs 300.

∴ The equation is 160 − 4x + 6x + 5x = 300

160 + 7x = 300

7x = 300 − 160

7x = 140

140
x=
7

9
x = 20

Number of Re 1 coins = 160 − 4x = 160 − 4 × 20 = 160 − 80 = 80

Number of Rs 2 coins = 3x = 3 × 20 = 60

Number of Rs 5 coins = x = 20

∴ I have 80, 60 and 20 coins of denominations Re.1, Rs. 2 and Rs. 5.

16. The organizers of an essay competition decide that a winner in the

competition gets a prize of Rs 100 and a participant who does not win
gets a prize of Rs 25. The total prize money distributed is Rs 3000. Find
the number of winners, if the total number of participants is 63.

Solution:

Total participants = 63

Let the number of winners be x.

Therefore, the number of participants who did not win will be 63 − x.

Amount given to the winners = Rs (100 × x) = Rs 100x

Amount given to the participants who did not win = Rs [25 (63 − x)]

= Rs (1575 − 25x)

Total money = Rs. 3000.

According to the given condition, the equation is

100x + 1575 − 25x = 3000

75x = 3000 − 1575

75x = 1425

10
 1425
x=
75

x = 19

Hence, the number of winners is 19

HOMEWORK:

Exercise 2.2

1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 12

EXERCISE 2.3

Solve the following equations and check your results.

3. 5x + 9 = 5 + 3x

Solution:

5x + 9 = 5 + 3x

5x – 3x = 5 - 9

2x = −4

−4
x= = −2
2
Hence x = -2 is the required solution.

Check:

LHS RHS

5x + 9 5 + 3x
5 × (-2) + 9 5 + 3 × (-2)
= -10 + 9 =5–6

11
= -1 =-1

∴ LHS = RHS

4. 4z + 3 = 6 + 2z

Solution:

4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
4z – 2z = 6 – 3

2z = 3
3
z=
2

𝟑
Hence z = is the required solution.
𝟐
Check:

LHS RHS

4z + 3 6 + 2z
3 3
=4× +3 =6+2×
2 2

=6+3 =6+3

=9 =9

∴ LHS = RHS

6. 8x + 4 = 3(x – 1) + 7

Solution:

8x + 4 = 3(x – 1) + 7

8x + 4 = 3x – 3 + 7

12
8x – 3x = −3 + 7 – 4

5x = -7 + 7

5x = 0

x=0

Hence x = 0 is the required solution.

Check:

LHS RHS

8x + 4 3(x – 1) + 7

=8(0) + 4 = 3(0 – 1) + 7

=0+4 =3×−1+7

=4 =4

∴ LHS = RHS

𝟒
7. x = (x +10)
𝟓

Solution:

4
x= (x +10)
5
4𝑥 40
x= +
5 5
4𝑥 40
x– =
5 5
5𝑥−4𝑥
=8
5

5x – 4x = 8 × 5

x = 40

13
Hence x = 40 is the required solution.

Check:

LHS RHS

4
x (x +10)
5
4
= 40 = (40 +10)
5
4
= × 50
5

= 40

∴ LHS = RHS

𝟐𝒙 𝟕𝒙
8. +1= +3
𝟑 𝟏𝟓
Solution:

x = 10
Hence x = 10 is the required solution.
Check:
LHS RHS

2𝑥+3 7𝑥+45
= =
3 15
14
 2 ×10 + 3 7 ×10 +45
= =
3 15
𝟐𝟑 70+45
= =
𝟑 15
115
=
15
𝟐𝟑
=
𝟑
∴ LHS = RHS

𝟓 𝟐𝟔
9. 2y + = −y
𝟑 𝟑
Solution:

𝟕
Hence y = is the required solution.
𝟑
Check:
LHS RHS

15
∴ LHS = RHS

HOMEWORK:

EXERCISE: 2.3

1, 2, 5, 10

EXERCISE 2.4

2. A positive number is 5 times another number. If 21 is added to both

the numbers, then one of the new numbers becomes twice the other new
number. What are the numbers?

Solution:

Let the numbers be x and 5x.

If 21 is added to both the numbers, then

1st new number = (x + 21)

2nd new number = (5x + 21)

∴ The equation is 2(x +21) = 5x + 21

2x + 42 = 5x +21

2x – 5x = 21 – 42

-3x = - 21

16
 −21
x=
−3

x=7

∴ x = 7 and 5x = 35

Hence the numbers are 7 and 35.

3. Sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. When we interchange the

digits it is found that the resulting new number is greater than the
original number by 27. What is the two-digit number?

Solution:

Let unit’s place digit = x

Ten’s place digit = 9 – x

So, the original number = 10(9 – x) + x

= 90 – 10x + x

= 90 – 9x

After interchanging the digits

New number = 10x + (9 – x)

= 10x + 9 – x

= 9x + 9

According to the question, new number = original number + 27

9x + 9 = 90 – 9x + 27

9x + 9x = 90 + 27 – 9

18x = 108

17
 108
x=
18

x=6

Hence the original number = 90 – 9x

= 90 – 9(6)

= 90 – 54

= 36

∴ The required two digit number is 36.

4. One of the two digits of a two digit number is three times the other
digit. If you interchange the digit of this two-digit number and add the
resulting number to the original number, you get 88. What is the original
number?

Solution:

Let the unit digit be x and the ten’s digit be 3x.

Therefore, original number = 10 × 3x + x = 30x + x = 31x

On interchanging the digits, the digits at ones place and tens place will be
3x and x respectively.

Number after interchanging = 10 × x + 3x = 10x + 3x = 13x

According to the given condition,

Original number + New number = 88

31x + 13x = 88

44x = 88

18
 88
x= =2
44

Therefore, original number = 31x = 31 × 2 = 62

By considering the tens place and ones place as x and 3x respectively, the two-
digit number obtained will be 26.

Therefore, the two-digit number may be 26 or 62.

6. There is a narrow rectangular plot, reserved for a school, in Mahuli

village. The length and breadth of the plot are in the ratio 11:4. At the
rate Rs 100 per metre it will cost the village panchayat Rs. 75, 000 to
fence the plot. What are the dimensions of the plot?

Solution:

Total cost = Rs. 75,000

Let the length and breadth of the plot be 11x m and 4x m respectively. Then,

Perimeter = 2 (l +b) units

= 2 (11x + 4x) = 2 × 15x = 30x

∴ Cost of fencing = Rs. 100 × 30x = 3000x

∴ The equation is 3000x = 75,000

75000
x=
3000

x = 25

∴ Length = 11x = 11 × 25 = 275 m

Breadth = 4x = 4 × 25 = 100 m

Hence, the dimensions of the plot are 275 m and 100 m respectively.

19
7. Hasan buys two kinds of cloth materials for school uniforms, shirt
material that costs him Rs 50 per metre and trouser material that costs
him Rs 90 per metre. For every 2 meters of the trouser material he buys 3
metres of the shirt material. He sells the materials at 12% and 10% profit
respectively. His total sale is Rs 36600. How much trouser material did he
buy?

Solution:

Let Hasan bought (2x) m be the length of trouser material and (3x) m be the
length of shirt material.

Cost of trouser material per metre = Rs. 90

For (2x) metres = Rs. 90 × 2x = Rs. 180x

Cost of Shirt material per metre = Rs. 50

For (3x) metres = Rs. 50 × 3x = Rs. 150x

Materials are sold for 10% and 12% profit respectively.

Selling Price of trouser material

100 + 𝑃 %
SP = × CP
100

100 + 10
= × 180𝑥
100

= 198x

Selling Price of shirt material

100 + 𝑃 %
SP = × CP
100

100 + 12
= × 150𝑥
100

= 168x

20
Total sale = Rs. 36,600

Hence, the equation is

198x + 168x = 36600

366x = 36600

36600
x= = 100 m
366

2x = 200 m

Hence, the length of trouser material he bought is 200 m.

8. Half of a herd of deer are grazing in the field and three fourths of the
remaining are playing nearby. The rest 9 are drinking water from the
pond. Find the number of deer in the herd.

Solution:

Let the number of deer be x.

𝑥
Number of deer grazing in the field =
2

𝑥 𝑥
Number of remaining deer = x - =
2 2

Number of deer drinking water from the pond = 9

∴ The equation is

𝑥 3𝑥
+ + 9=x
2 8

21
𝑥 3𝑥
+ –x=-9
2 8

4𝑥 + 3𝑥 −8𝑥
= -9
8

-x = -9 × 8

x = 72

Hence, the total number of deer in the herd is 72.

9. A grandfather is ten times older than his granddaughter. He is also 54

years older than her. Find their present ages.

Solution:

Let the granddaughter’s age be x years.

Therefore, grandfather’s age will be 10x years.

According to the question,

Grandfather’s age = Granddaughter’s age + 54 years

10x = x + 54

10x − x = 54

9x = 54

x=6

Granddaughter’s age = x years = 6 years

Grandfather’s age = 10x years = (10 × 6) years = 60 years

HOMEWORK:
EXERCISE: 2.4

22
1, 5, 10

EXERCISE 2.5

Solve the following linear equations.

𝒏 𝟑𝒏 𝟓𝒏
2. − + = 21
𝟐 𝟒 𝟔

Solution:

𝑛 3𝑛 5𝑛
− + = 21
2 4 6

L.C.M. of the denominators, 2, 4, and 6, is 12.

6𝑛 − 9𝑛 + 10𝑛
= 21
12

7n = 21 × 12

21 × 12
n=
7

n = 36

𝟖𝒙 𝟏𝟕 𝟓𝒙
3. x + 7 - = -
𝟑 𝟔 𝟐

Solution:

8𝑥 17 5𝑥
x+7- = -
3 6 2
8𝑥 5𝑥 17
x− + = –7
3 2 6
6𝑥 − 16𝑥 + 15𝑥 17− 42
= [LCM 6]
6 6
5𝑥 −25
=
6 6
−25 ×6
5x =
6

23
5x = -25

∴ x = -5

𝟑𝒕 − 𝟐 𝟐𝒕 + 𝟑 𝟐
5. - = -t
𝟒 𝟑 𝟑

Solution:

𝟑𝒕 − 𝟐 𝟐𝒕 + 𝟑 𝟐
- = -t
𝟒 𝟑 𝟑

3 × (3𝑡 −2) – 4 × (2𝑡 + 3) 2−3𝑡

=
12 3

12 ×(2−3𝑡)
9t – 6 – 8t – 12 =
3

9t – 8t – 18 = 4 × (2 - 3t)

t – 18 = 8 – 12t

t + 12t = 8 + 18

13t = 26

26
t=
13

∴t=2

6.

Solution:

LCM = 2; LCM = 3

2𝑚−𝑚+1 3−𝑚+2
=
2 3

𝑚+1 5−𝑚
=
2 3

24
3(m + 1) = 2(5 – m)

3m + 3 = 10 – 2m

3m + 2m = 10 – 3

5m = 7

𝟕
m=
𝟓

Simplify and solve the following linear equations.

8. 15(y – 4) – 2(y – 9) + 5(y + 6) = 0

Solution:

15(y − 4) − 2(y − 9) + 5(y + 6) = 0

⇒ 15y − 60 − 2y + 18 + 5y + 30 = 0

⇒ 18y − 12 = 0

⇒ 18y = 12

12
⇒y =
18

𝟐
∴y=
𝟑

9. 3(5z − 7) − 2(9z − 11) = 4(8z − 13) −17

Solution:

3(5z − 7) − 2(9z − 11) = 4(8z − 13) −17

⇒ 15z − 21 − 18z + 22 = 32z − 52 − 17

⇒ −3z + 1 = 32z − 69

25
⇒ −3z − 32z = −69 − 1

⇒ −35z = −70

−70
⇒z= =2
−35

∴z=2

10. 0.25(4f − 3) = 0.05(10f − 9)

Solution:

0.25(4f − 3) = 0.05(10f − 9)

1f – 0.75 = 0.5f – 0.45

1f – 0.5f = −0.45 + 0.75

0.5f = 0.30

0.30
f=
0.5

∴ f = 0.6

HOMEWORK:

EXERCISE 2.5

1, 4, 7

EXERCISE 2.6

2.

Solution:

26
9x = 15(7 − 6x)

⇒ 9x = 105 − 90x

⇒ 9x + 90x = 105

⇒ 99x = 105

𝟑𝟓
∴x=
𝟑𝟑

4.

Solution:

5(3y + 4) = −2 (2 − 6y)

⇒ 15y + 20 = − 4 + 12y

⇒ 15y − 12y = − 4 − 20

⇒ 3y = −24

⇒ y = −8

∴ y = −8

6. The ages of Hari and Harry are in the ratio 5:7. Four years from now
the ratio of their ages will be 3:4. Find their present ages.

Solution:

HARI HARRY

Present age 5x 7x

27
After 4 years 5x + 4 7x + 4

After 4 years, the ratio of ages will be 3:4

4(5x + 4) = 3(7x + 4)

20x + 16 = 21x + 12

20x – 21x = 12 – 16

∴x=4

Hari’s age = 5x years = (5 × 4) years = 20 years

Harry’s age = 7x years = (7 × 4) years = 28 years

Therefore, present ages of Hari and Harry are 20 years and 28 years.

7. The denominator of a rational number is greater than its numerator by

8. If the numerator is increased by 17 and the denominator is decreased
𝟑
by 1, the number obtained is 𝟐. Find the rational number.

Solution:

Let the numerator of the rational number be x. Therefore, its denominator will be x + 8.

𝑥
So, the rational number will be 𝑥+8.

According to the question, the equation is

𝑥 + 17 3
=
𝑥 + 8−1 2

𝑥 + 17 3
=
𝑥+7 2

⇒ 2(x + 17) = 3(x + 7)

28
⇒ 2x + 34 = 3x + 21

⇒ 2x − 3x = 21 - 34

⇒ x = 13

Numerator of the rational number = x = 13

Denominator of the rational number = x + 8 = 13 + 8 = 21

𝑥 13
The rational number is 𝑥+8. =
21

𝟏𝟑
∴ The rational number is
𝟐𝟏

HOMEWORK:

EXERCISE 2.6

1, 3, 5

************

29