‫‪Microbioogy | Practical‬‬

‫اﻟـﻌﻤ� ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﺧﺮ اﻟـﺴﻨﻪ ‪ ٤٠‬درﺟﻪ ﻣﺘﻘﺴﻤ� ﻗﺴﻤ� ‪ ٣٠‬و ‪١٠‬‬

‫‪ ٣٠‬درﺟﻪ ﻋ� اﻟـﺤﺎﺟﺎت اﻟـ� ﻣﻌﺎﻛﻢ ف اﻟـ ‪ note‬ﻳﺒﻘﻮا ﻋﺒﺎره ﻋﻦ ‪ 15 spotting‬ﻛﻞ واﺣﺪه درﺟﺘ�‬

‫اﻟـ ‪ spotting‬ﺣﺎﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪-: ٤‬‬

‫‪ slides-١‬و دى ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻟـﺠﺰء اﻟـﺎﻛﺮﺒ ﻣﻦ اﻟـﺪرﺟﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻚ ﺣﻮاﻟـﻰ ﻣﻦ ‪ slide ٩-٨‬ﺑﻨﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻓﻰ ‪ ١٨‬درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺲ ﻋ� اﻟـ‪slide‬‬
‫‪  media-٢‬ﻳﻨﺰﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٣-٢‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٦-٤‬درﺟﺎت‬
‫‪ biochemical reaction-٣‬ﻳﻨﺰل ‪٢-١‬‬
‫‪ serological reaction-٤‬ﻳﻨﺰل ‪٢-١‬‬
‫اﻟـﻌﺸﺮ درﺟﺎت اﻟـ� ﻓﺎﺿﻠ� ﺑﻴﻜﻮﻧﻮا ‪ power point‬ﺑﺘﻘﻌﺪوا ﻓﻰ اﻟـﻤﺪرج و ﺗﺎﺧﺪ ﺷﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ارﻗﺎم اﻟـﺼﻮر‬
‫اﻟـ� ﻫﺘﻈﻬﺮﻟﻚ و ﺗﻜﺘﺐ اﻟـ� اﻧﺖ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ و دا ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ درﺟﺎﺗﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺻﻮره ﺑﺪرﺟﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ‪ case‬و‬
‫ﻳﺴﺎﻟـﻚ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﺳﺌﻠﻪ و ﻫﻜﺬا اﻟـﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع اﻟـ ‪ power point‬ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺎﺧﺮ ‪ ١٠‬درﺟﺎت‬

‫اﻟـﻘﺴﻢ ﻫﻴﻨﺰل ‪ C.D‬ﻓﻰ اﻟـ ‪ power point‬ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺤﺎﺟﺎت اﻟـ� اﻧﺖ ﻣﺴﺆول ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺪل ﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ اﻟـﺎﻃﻠﺲ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻪ اﻟـﻘﺴﻢ ﻫﻴﺤﺪد ﺻﻮر اﻟـ� اﻧﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟـﺐ ﺑﻴﻬﺎ ‪ +‬اﻟـﺴﻨﻪ دى اﻟـ ‪ power point‬ﻫﺘﺰ�ﺪ ‪ ٣‬درﺟﺎت ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟـﻌﻤ�‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺎﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٤٣‬اﻟـ� ﻫﻤﺎ ﺑﺘﻮع اﻟـﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻟﻐﻴﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ اﻟـﺒﺤﺚ ﺣﺎﺟﻪ ‪ separate‬ﺷﻴﺖ ﻟﻮﺣﺪه ‪ ٦‬ﺻﻮر ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺻﻮرة ﺑﻨﺺ درﺟﻪ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ وﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺗﺎﻧﻴﻪ اﻟـﻌﻤ� وزﻧﻪ ﺗﻘﻞ ﺑﻘﻰ ‪ ٤٣‬درﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺎت ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ‪ -:‬و اﻧﺖ ﺑﺘﺘﻔﺮج ﻓﻰ اﻟـﻤﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮب ﻧﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟـﺒﺎﺛﻮﻟﻮﺟﻰ‬

‫ان اﻟـﻤﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮب ﺑﺘﺎﻋﻨﺎ ‪ fixed felid‬ﻣﺶ ﻣﺴﻤﻮح ﺗﺎﺧﺪ اﻟـ‪ slide‬ﻳﺎﻳﺪﻳﻚ و ﺗﺒﺺ ﺑﻌﻴﻨﻚ ﺑﻨﺘﻔﺮج ﺑﻌﺪﺳﻪ‬
‫اﺳﻤﻬﺎ ‪ oil immersion‬اﻟـﻌﺪﺳﻪ اﻟـﺰ�ﺘﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻤﻌﻠﺶ و اﻧﺖ ﺑﺘﺘﻔﺮج ﻣﺶ ﻣﺴﻤﺤﻮﻟﻚ ﻋﻦ اﻧﻚ ﺗﺤﺮك ﻏ� اﻟـ‬
‫‪ fine adjustment‬ﻋﺠﻠﻪ ﻛﺒ�ه ﺳﻮدا ﺑﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﺻﻐ�ه )اﻟـﻌﺠﻠﻪ اﻟـﺼﻐ�ة( ﻫﻰ اﻟـ‪.fine adjustment‬‬
‫اﻟـﻨﻮع اﻟـﺘﺎ� ﻣﻦ اﻟـﻤﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮب ف ﻋﺠﻠﺘ� واﺣﺪه ﻓﻮق و واﺣﺪه ﺗﺤﺖ ﻫﻰ اﻟـﺼﻐ�ه اﻟـ� ﺗﺤﺖ‪ ،‬أول ﺣﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺺ اﻟـ ‪ fine‬ﻓ� و اﻣﺴﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﻳﻚ اﻟـﺎﺗﻨ� و اﻧﺖ ﺣﺎﻃﻂ ﻋﻴﻨﻚ ﻛﺪه روح ﺑﺎﻟـ ‪ fine‬راﻳﺢ ﺟﺎى ﻟﻴﻪ ؟‬
‫ﺿﻴﻊ اﻟـﺼﻮرة و رﺟﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬دى ﻧﺼﻴﺤﻪ ﻃﺎﻟـﻤﺎ اﻟـ‪ fine adjustment‬اﻟـﺤﺎﺟﻪ اﻟـ� ﻣﻦ ﺣﻘﻚ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬واﻧﺖ ﺑﺘﻀﻴﻊ اﻟـﺼﻮرة و ﺗﺮﺟﻌﻬﺎ ﻫﺘﺸﻮف ﺑﻮﺿﻮح اﻟـ� اﺣﻨﺎ ﻋﺎوز�ﻨﻚ ﺗﺸﻮﻓﻪ ف ﻣﻌﻠﺶ اﺿﺒﻂ‬
‫اﻟـﺼﻮره ﻋ� اﻟـ ‪ focus‬ﺑﺘﺎﻋﻚ ‪ ,‬اﻟـ ‪ focus‬ﺑﺘﺎﻋﻚ ﻏ� زﻣﻴﻠﻚ ‪ ,‬ﺣﺮك اﻟـ ‪ fine‬راﻳﺢ ﺟﻰ و اﺿﺒﻂ اﻟـ ‪ focus‬ﻟﺤﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺗﺸﻮف اﻟـﺼﻮرة ﺑﻮﺿﻮح‬
‫‪Flash Notes in Microbioogy | The Quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog‬‬

‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﺖ ﺑﺘﺘﻔﺮﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟـﻤﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺎﻟـ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ‪ ٣‬ﺍﺳﺌﻠﻪ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻭﺑﻬﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪-‬اﻟـﺴﺆاﻟـ اﻟـﺎول ‪:‬‬

‫اﻳﻪ اﻟـ ‪ shape‬اﻟـ� اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ‪ ،‬واﻟـ ‪ shape‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ‪ sphere‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪ cocci‬اﻟـ� ﻫﻰ ﺟﻤﻊ ‪coccus‬‬
‫و ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺷﺮﻃﻪ ‪ rod shape‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻋﺼﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﺼﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟـﻼﺗﻴﻨﻰ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪bacillus‬‬

‫‪ -‬اﻟـﺴﺆاﻟـ اﻟـﺘﺎ�‪:‬‬
‫اﻳﻪ اﻟـ‪ colour‬اﻟـ� اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟـ‪ colour‬ﺳﻮاء ‪ cocci‬او ‪ bacilli‬ﻳﻜﻮن ‪ violet‬ﻃﺎﻟـﻤﺎ ﺷﻮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫‪  violet‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﺻﺺ ﻋ� ‪gram positive organism‬‬
‫ﻃﺐ ﻟﻮ اﻟـﻠﻮن ﻛﺎن ‪ red‬او ‪ pink‬ﺳﻮاء ‪ cocci‬او ‪ bacilli‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﺻﺺ ﻋ� ‪gram negative‬‬
‫‪organism‬‬

‫‪-‬اﻟـﺴﺆاﻟـ اﻟـﺘﺎﻟـﺖ‪:‬‬
‫اﻳﻪ اﻟـ‪ arrangement‬اﻟـ� اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻳﺰ ‪ ٢‬ﺟﻨﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻧﺖ ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ﺣﺎﺟﻪ ‪double‬ﻳﺴﻤﻮﻫﺎ ‪ diplo‬ف اﻟـﻤﺜﺎل دا ﻃﺎﻟـﻤﺎ ﻫﻰ ‪cocci‬‬
‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﺳﻤﻪ ‪diplococci‬‬
‫أو ‪ chains‬زى اﻟـ ‪streptococci‬‬
‫ﻳﺎﻣﺎ ﻳﺒﻘﻮا ‪ grape like cluster‬زى اﻟـ ‪staphylococci‬‬

‫ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺏ‬

‫أﺳﺎل و ﺟﺎوب‬

‫‪ (١‬ﺷﺎﻳﻒ دواﻳﺮ وﻻ ﺷﺮط ؟‬

‫دواﻳﺮ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ‪ cocci‬ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ‪ spheres‬ﺟﻮا اﻟـﻮﺣﺪة ﻧﻘﻂ ﻣﺪورة‬
‫‪ (٢‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـﻠﻮن اﻟـ� اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ؟‬
‫ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ﻟﻮن ‪ violet‬دا ﻳﺮﺘﺟﻢ ف دﻣﺎﻏﻰ اﻧﻪ ‪gram positive‬‬
‫‪organism‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬اﻟـﺴﺆاﻟـ اﻟـﺘﺎﻟـﺖ اﻳﻪ اﻟـ‪ arrangement‬اﻟـ� اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ؟‬
‫اﻟـﺮﺻﺔ دى ﻋﺒﺎره ﻋﻦ اﻳﻪ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻬﻢ اﺗﻨ� ؟ اﻧﺎ ﺑﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟـﻮﺣﺪة‬
‫اﻟـﻤﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﻪ دى اﻟـﻮﺣﺪات اﻟـﺼﻐ�ه ﻣﺘﺠﻤﻌﻪ ف اﻳﻪ ؟ اﻗﺮب ﺷﻜﻞ ف ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻚ اﻟـﻌﻤﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻛﻬﻪ ﺑﺘﺎﻛﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﺪه ‪ ….‬اﻟـﻌﻨﺐ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ دا ‪grape like cluster‬‬
‫ﺑﺲ ف وﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﻮﺣﺪﻫﺎ اﻫﻰ اﺗﻨ� ﻟﻮﺣﺪﻫﻢ اﻫﻢ ‪ ….‬اﻟـﻌﻨﺐ ﻫﻴﺤﻂ ﻛﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﻌﻤﻞ اﻳﻪ ف اﻟـﻔﺮت اﻟـﻰ ﻋﻨﺪه‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟـﺒﻜﺮﺘ�ﺎ ‪ grow‬ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ‪ arranged‬ف ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ cluster‬ﻟﻮ واﺣﺪه ﻟﺴﺎ ﻣﺒﺪاﺗﺶ ﺗﻨﻀﻢ ل ‪ cluster‬او‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ‪ cluster‬ﻫﺘﺒﺎن ‪ single‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟـﺸﻜﻞ اﻟـﻐﺎﻟـﺐ ﻋ� اﻟـ‪ slide‬ﻫﻮ اﻟـ‪cluster‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻟﻘﻴﺖ ‪ cluster‬او ‪ ٢‬و اﻟـﺒﺎﻗﻰ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻓﺮت اﺣﺴﺒﻬﺎ ‪ cluster‬وﻻ ﻓﺮت ؟‪ cluster‬ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﻻن اﻟـ ‪ cluster‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻔﺮت ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟـﻔﺮت اﻳﻪ اﻟـ� ﻫﻴﺠﻤﻌﻪ ف ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ cluster‬ﻛﺪه‬
‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟـﺎﺳﺎس ﻓﻰ اﻟـ ‪ arrangement‬اﻟـﺤﺎﺟﻪ اﻟـ ‪ major‬اﻟـ� اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻬﺎ‬

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‫‪Flash Notes in Microbioogy | The Quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog‬‬

‫اﻋﻤ� ﺟﻤﻠﻪ داﻳﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟـﺘﻼت اﺟﺎﺑﺎت ‪:‬‬

‫‪gram positive cocci arranged in grape like cluster‬‬
‫ﻣ� اﻟـﺸﺎﺑﺮﺘ اﻟـ� ﻓﻰ ‪ vol.2,‬ﻃﺒﻌﺎ اﻟـﻌﻤ� ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪ vol.2‬اﻟـ� دا وﺻﻔﻪ؟‬
‫اﻟـﺸﺎﺑﺮﺘ ﺑﺘﺎع اﻟـ‪ staphylococci‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﺻﺺ ﻋ� ‪staphylococcus‬‬

‫‪ (٤‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺳﺆاﻟـ راﺑﻊ ﻻزم اﺳﺎﻟـﻪ ﻟﻨﻔﻰﺴ ﻋﻦ اﻟـ‪ background‬؟‬

‫ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻪ و ﻓﺎﺿﻴﺔ و ﻣﻔﻴﻬﺎش ﺣﺎﺟﺔ وﻻ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟـ‪organism‬؟‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﺎﺿﻴﻪ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟـ ‪ film‬دا ﻣﺘﺎﺧﺪ ﻣﻨ� ؟ ‪‬ﻣﻦ ‪ ...culture‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ اﻳﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪culture‬؟‬
‫ﺑﺺ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺧﺪ اﻟـ ‪pus‬ﻫﻮا دا اﻟـ ‪specimen‬اﻋﻤﻞ اﻳﻪ ﻓﺎﻟـ ‪: pus‬‬
‫‪ direct detection -١‬اﻓﺮد ‪ direct smear‬و اﺻﺒﻐﻪ ﺑﺎﻟـ ‪gram‬‬
‫ﻃﺐ ﻫﺸﻮف اﻳﻪ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎن اﻟـ‪ staph.‬ﻫﻮ اﻟـﺴﺒﺐ ؟ﻫﺸﻮف ‪ staph.‬ﺑﺲ ﻫﺸﻮف ﻣﻌﺎه ‪pus‬‬
‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻛﻴﺪ اﻟـ ‪ film‬دا ﻣﺶ ‪ direct smear‬و اﻟـﺎ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺷﻮﻓﺖ ﻣﻌﺎه ‪pus‬‬
‫ﻃﺐ اﻟـﺨﻄﻮه اﻟـ� ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﺪه‬
‫‪ culture -٢‬زى ‪blood agar‬‬
‫وازرع ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟـ ‪ sample‬ﻳﻘﻮم ﻳﻄﻠﻊ اﻟـ ‪ growth‬ف ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ colonies‬اﻟـﻨﻘﻄﻪ اﻟـ� اﻧﺘﻮا ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻨﻬﺎ ﻋ� اﻟـﻄﺒﻖ‬
‫اﺳﻤﻬﺎ ‪ colony‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮة‪ ،‬اﻗﻮم اﺧﺪ ﺣﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟـ ‪ colony‬و اﻓﺮد ﻋ� ‪ slide‬واﺻﺒﻎ ﺗﺎ�‬
‫ﻫﺘﺸﻮف اﻟـ‪ organism‬ﺑﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻏ�‪ pus‬ﳌﺎ ﺗﺸﻮف اﻟـ ‪ organism‬ﺑﺲ ﺑﻴﻘﻰ اﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﻚ اﻳﻪ ؟‬
‫ﻫﺬا اﻟـ ‪ film‬ﻣﻦ اﻟـ‪ culture‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻋ� اﻟـ‪ ... culture media‬ﻫﺬا ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ‪.staph in culture‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﻘﻮل اﺳﻢ اﻟـ‪ stain‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪ staph. In culture‬ﺑﺎ ﻟـ ‪gram stain‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺏ‬

‫‪ (١‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـ ‪ shape‬اﻟـ� اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ؟‬

‫ﻛﻮر ﺟﻨﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟـﻮﺣﺪة اﻟـﻮاﺣﺪه اﻟـﻤﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻟﻞ‪ film‬دا ﻛﻮر ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ‪ cocci‬ﻃﺎﻟـﻤﺎ ﺷﻮﻓﺖ‬
‫‪ spheres‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ دواﻳﺮ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪cocci‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـﻠﻮن اﻟـ� اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ؟‪  violet‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪gram positive organism‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـ‪ arrangement‬اﻟـ� اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ؟ ‪chains ‬‬

‫اﻋﻤ� ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟـﺘﻼت ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟـ� ﺟﺎوﺑﺘﻴﻬﻢ‬

‫‪Gram positive cocci arranged in chains‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺑﺮﺘ ‪ ٣‬اﻟـ� ﻛﺎن ﻋﻨﻮاﻧﻪ ‪ streptococci‬ف ﺣﺪ ﺑﻴﻘﻮﻰﻟ اﻟـ� ﻛﺎن ﻋ� اﻟـﻴﻤ� ف اﻟـﻜﺘﺎب ‪ ,‬اه اﻟـ� ﻋ� اﻟـﻴﻤ�‬
‫و اﻧﺖ داﺧﻞ ‪ vol.2‬ﻛﺪه اول ﺷﺎرع ﺗﻼﻗﻰ ﺷﺎﺑﺮﺘ ‪ ٣‬ﻫﻮا دا‪ ،‬ﻟﻮ ﺗﻮﻫﺖ اﺳﺎل ﻫﻨﺎك ﻫﻴﻘﻮﻟﻮﻟﻚ ﻓ�‬
‫اﻟـ‪ streptcocci‬ﻫﺘﻼﻗﻮﻫﺎ ﺟﻨﺐ ﻛﺸﻚ ﺳﺠﺎﻳﺮ اﻟـ� اﻟـ‪ staph.‬ﺗﻘﻒ ﺗﺪﺧﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫اﻟـﻤﻬﻢ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻧﺎ ﺷﻘﺖ ‪streptococci‬‬

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‫‪Flash Notes in Microbioogy | The Quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog‬‬

‫‪ (٤‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟـﺴﺆاﻟـ اﻟـﺮاﺑﻊ ‪ :‬اﻟـﺨﻠﻔﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﺟﻪ و ﻻ ﻓﺎﺿﻴﻪ؟‬

‫ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟـ ‪ film‬دا ﻣﺘﺎﺧﺪ ﻣﻨ� ﻳﺎ اوﻻد ؟ ‪ culture‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﺶ ﻣﻦ اﻟـ‪ sample‬ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮه ﻻ�‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻛﻨﺖ واﺧﺪه ﻣﻦ اﻟـ‪ sample‬اﻛﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺷﻔﺖ ‪ pus‬او ‪ tissue‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻃﺎﻟـﻤﺎ اﻟـ ‪ film‬ﺷﻔﺎف ﻳﺒﻘﻰ دا ﻣﺘﺎﺧﺪ‬
‫ﻋ� ﻃﺒﻖ زرع ‪ colony‬ﻣﻦ ﻋ� اﻟـﻄﺒﻖ ﻫﻴﺒﻘﻰ ‪in a‬‬
‫‪ pure form‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮش ﺣﺎﺟﻪ ﺗﺎﻧﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺣﺪ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﻫﻴﺴﺎﻟـﻨﻰ ﺑﻘﻰ اﻧﺎ ف اﻟـﺎﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻓﻰ وﻗﺖ‬

‫اﻛﺘﺐ اﻟـﻜﻼم دا ﻛﻠﻪ ‪ ,‬اﻟـﺎﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﻻ ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﻣﻔﻴﺶ وﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻜﻼم دا ﻛﻠﻪ ‪ ….‬اﻣﺎﻟـ اﻛﺘﺐ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﻪ اﻛﺘﺐ اﻟـﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎرات‬

‫ﻻ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻢ اﻧﺖ ﻫﺘﻜﺘﺐ اﻟـﺮﺒواز اﻟـﺎﺣﻤﺮ دا ﺑﺲ اﻧﺖ ﻛﻞ‬

‫اﻟـ� ﻓﺎت دا ﻃﺮ�ﻘﻪ ﺗﻔﻜ�ك و اﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﺻﺺ ﻋ�‬
‫اﻟـﻤﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮب ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟـﺪرﺟﺘ� ﻋ� اﻟـﺮﺒواز اﻟـﺎﺣﻤﺮ اﻟـ�‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺎﺧﺮ دا ﺑﺲ‬

‫اﻧﻚ ﺗﻘﻮﻰﻟ ﺷﻔﺖ ‪streptococci in culture in gram stain‬‬

‫ﻫﻮا دا اﻟـ� اﻧﺖ ﻫﺘﺎﺧﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟـﺪرﺟﺘ� و ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﺘﻬﻢ‬
‫اﺳﻢ اﻟـ‪ organism‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ درﺟﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻃﺐ ‪ in culture‬وﻻ ‪ in pus‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺺ درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟـ ‪ slide‬اﻟـ� ﻣﺶ ﻫﺘﻀﻄﺮ ﺗﻘﻮل ‪ pus‬او ‪ culture‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟـ‪ organism‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ درﺟﻪ و ﻧﺺ و اﻟـ‪stain‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺺ درﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺨﻴﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻴﻬﺎ وزﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺪرﺟﻪ او ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟـﺪرﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺎﻟـﺖ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺏ‬

‫‪ (١‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـ‪ shape‬اﻟـ� ﻧﻬﻰ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ؟‪ cocci‬ﺑﺲ ﻛﺒ�ة ﺷﻮ�ﻪ ﻗﻮﻰﻟ اﻟـ� اﻧﺘﻰ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ‪ sphere‬ﺑﺲ ﻛﺒ�ة ﺷﻮ�ﻪ‬
‫‪ (٢‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـﻠﻮن اﻟـ� اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ؟‪ violet‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ‪gram positive organism‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـ‪ arrangement‬اﻟـ� اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ؟ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ﻣﻔﺮت و اﺗﻨﻨﺎت و ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎت‪ ،‬ﻳﺒﺪو ‪ arranged‬ﻓﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻌﺎت ﻓﻰ ‪clusters‬‬
‫اﻋﻤ� ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟـ� اﻧﺘﻰ ﺷﻮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫‪ Gram positive cocci‬ﻛﺒ�ه ﺷﻮ�ﻪ ‪arranged in cluster‬‬

‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟـ‪ organism‬دا ﻣ� ؟ ﻟﻮ ﺷﻠﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﻛﺒ�ه ﺷﻮ�ﻪ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ‪ staph.‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟـﺎﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎج ﻳﺒﻘﻰ دا ‪ staph.‬و‬
‫اﻛﺘﺒﻠﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﻛﺒ�ة ﺷﻮ�ﺔ ﻳﻘﻮم ﻳﺪﻳﻨﻰ ‪ zero‬ﺑﺲ ﻛﺒ� ﺷﻮ�ﻪ‬

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‫‪Flash Notes in Microbioogy | The Quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog‬‬

‫ﻧﻬﻰ دﺧﻠﺖ ﻋ� اﻧﻬﺎ ‪ cocci‬اﻳﻪ راﻳﻜﻢ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﻪ اﻟـ ‪ 2 film‬دول‬

‫ﺷﻮﻓﺘﻮا ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟـ‪ cocci‬ﻃﺐ ﳌﺎ اﻟـﺨﻠﻴﻪ دى ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ اﻛﺮﺒ‪ ،‬اﻟـﺨﻠﻴﻪ اﻟـﻜﺒ�ة ﻗﺪ ﻛﺎم واﺣﺪه ﻣﻦ دول ﻣﺶ‬
‫اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪١٠‬‬
‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟـﻮﺻﻒ اﻟـ‪  size‬دا ‪ - smaller‬دا ‪larger‬‬
‫‪ ‬دا‪ - more simple‬دا ‪more developed‬‬
‫‪ ‬دا ‪ - prokaryotic‬دا ‪eukaryotic‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻟـ اﻟـ‪ :pro‬اﻟـﺒﻜﺮﺘ�ﺎ ‪ -‬و ﻣﺜﺎﻟـ اﻟـ‪ :eu.‬اﻟـ ‪fungus‬‬
‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ دا ‪ fungus‬ﻳﺎ اﺳﺎﺗﺬه دا اﻟـ‪candida‬‬

‫ﻛﺎن اول ﺳﺆال ﻣﻔﺮوض ﻳﺘﺠﺎوب ازاى اﻟـ‪ shape‬ﻛﺎن ﻣﻔﺮوض اﻗﻮل ‪large oval cell‬‬
‫ﻃﺎﻟـﻤﺎ ‪ large cell‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﺶ ‪ bacteria‬ﺩﺍ ‪fungus‬‬
‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ‪gram positive oval \ rounded cell‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ‪ candida‬و اﻟـﻜﻮﻣﻨﺖ اﻟـﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻣﻨﻰ ‪ candida‬ﻣﺼﺒﻮﻏﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻟ ـ ‪gram stain‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﺑﻘﻰ ﻣﺶ ﻻزم ﺗﻘﻮل ‪ in culture\ in pus‬ﻻ� ﻣﺶ ﻫﺠﻴﺐ اﻟـ ‪candida in pus‬‬

‫ﺭﺍﺑﻊ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺏ‬

‫‪ (١‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـ‪ shape‬اﻟـ� اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ؟‬

‫ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ﺣﺎﺟﺎت ‪ spherical‬ﻧﻘﻂ ﺗﺮﺘﺟﻢ ﻓﻰ دﻣﺎﻏﻰ اﻟـﻰ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ‪cocci‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـﻠﻮن اﻟـ� اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ؟‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﻏ�ﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﺸﺎن ﻧﻌﻮد ﻋﻴﻨﻚ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ﻟﻮن‬
‫‪ pink \ red‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ‪‬‬
‫‪gram negative organism‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـ ‪ arrangement‬اﻟـ� ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ؟‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ واﺣﺪات و ﻋﻴﻨﻪ ﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺷﺎﻓﻬﻢ ‪ ٢‬ﺟﻨﺐ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﺗﻔﻘﻨﺎ اﻧﻚ ﺑﺘﻘﻮل اﻟـ‪ arrangement‬اﻟـﺎﻛﺮﺒ‬

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‫‪Flash Notes in Microbioogy | The Quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog‬‬

‫اﻟـﺸﻮ�ﻪ اﻟـ� اﺗﻔﺮﺗﻮا دول ﻣﻠﻴﺶ دﻋﻮة ﺑﻴﻬﻢ‪،‬‬

‫)‪gram negative cocci arranged in pairs(diplococci‬‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ‪ pairs‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬

‫‪-‬ﻣ� اﻟـ‪ organism‬اﻟـ� ﻛﺎن دا وﺻﻔﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟـﻜﺘﺎب ؟‬

‫اﻟـ‪ Neisseria‬ﻃﺐ اﻳﻪ ﻫﻰ اﻟـ ‪gram negative cocci‬اﻟـﻮﺣﻴﺪه اﻟـ� ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ ؟‬
‫اﻟـ‪ neisseria‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻏ� ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻌﺐ روﺣﻚ و ﺗﺒﺺ ﻋ� ‪ arrangement‬ﳌﺎ ﺗﻼﻗﻰ ‪ cocci‬ﺣﻤﺮا ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬
‫‪Neisseria‬‬

‫واﺣﺪ ﻫﻴﻘﻮﻰﻟ اﺻ� ﻣﺶ ﻣﺘﺎﻛﺪ اﻧﻬﺎ ‪ ،pairs‬ﻣﻔﻴﺶ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻟـﻤﻨﻬﺞ ‪ cocci gram negative‬ﻏ�‬
‫اﻟـ‪ neisseria‬ﻓﺨﻠﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ اﻟـ� ﺗﻜﺴﺐ ﺑﻴﻪ اﻟـﻌﺐ ﺑﻴﻪ‪ ،‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟـﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟـﻌﺎﻣﻪ اﻟـﻤﻨﻄﻘﻴﻪ اﻟـ� ﺗﺴﻬﻠﻚ‬
‫اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ‬

‫‪ (٤‬اﻟـﺴﺆاﻟـ اﻟـﺮاﺑﻊ اﻳﻪ داﺋﻤﺎ ؟ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪ background‬وﻻ ﻣﻔﻴﺶ ؟‬

‫ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ دا اﺳﻤﻪ ‪ Neisseria in culture‬ﻣﺼﺒﻮﻏﻪ ﺑﺎﻟـ‪gram stain‬‬

‫ﻋﺎوز اﻋﻠﻤﻚ اﻟـﻔﺮق ﻓﺎﻟـ‪ arrangement‬اﻳﻪ راﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﻟـ ‪ slides٢‬دول ﻣﺸﺮﺘﻛ� ﻓﻰ اﻳﻪ و ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ� ﻓﻰ اﻳﻪ ؟؟‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟـﻠﻮن ‪ violet‬ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟـﺎﺗﻨ� ﺳﻴﺒﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟـ‪ background‬دﻟﻮﻗﺘﻰ‬
‫‪ -‬اﻟـﺎﺗﻨ�‪ spherical‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻧﺎ ﺑﺎﺻﺺ ﻋ� ‪ gram positive cocci‬اﺷﺮﺘﻛﻮا ﻓﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺘ�‬
‫‪ (١‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺶ اﻟـ ‪ organism‬اﻟـﺎ ﻟﻮ ﺳﺎﻟـﺖ اﻟـﺴﺆال اﻟـﺘﺎﻟـﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻮ ‪ in grape like cluster‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ‪staph. ‬‬
‫و ‪ chains‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ‪strept. ‬‬

‫‪ (٢‬ﺑﺺ اﻟـﻔﺮق اﻟـﺘﺎ� دا اﻟـﻔﺮق ﻓﻰ اﻟـ‪size‬‬

‫اﻟـ‪ violet‬ﻫﻮا ﻫﻮا‪ cluster ،‬ﻫﻮا ﻫﻮا‪ ،‬و دواﻳﺮ ﻫﻰ ﻫﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺲ اﻟـ‪ film‬اﻟـ� اﺳﻤﻪ اﻟـ‪ candida‬اﻟـ‪ size‬ﻛﺒ�‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﻫﻴﻘﻮل دﻟﻮﻗﺘﻰ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﺟﻨﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻄﻤﻦ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺎﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻣﺶ ﻫﻴﺒﻘﻮا ﺟﻨﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺠﻴﺐ‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺲ اﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻓﻌﻼ‪ ،‬ﻛﺪه ﻫﺘﻠﺨﺒﻂ اﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﻻ‪.‬‬

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‫‪Flash Notes in Microbioogy | The Quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog‬‬

‫اﻛﺘﺒﻮا اﻟـﻤﻠﺤﻮﻇﻪ دى ﻋﻨﺪﻛﻢ‬

‫‪ film‬ﺍﻟـ‪ candida‬ﻳﻔﺮﻕ ﻋﻦ ‪ film‬ﺍﻟـ‪ staph.‬ﺗﻼﺕ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ (١‬اﻟـ ‪size‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬اﻟـﺨﻠﻴﻪ ‪ oval‬ﻣﺶ ‪spherical‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬وﺟﻮد ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮف ﺑﺎﻟـ ‪ ،budding‬ﺣﺪ ﺧﺪ ﺑﺎﻟـﻪ ‪ budding‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ اﻳﻪ ؟‬
‫اﻟـﺘﺮﺒﻋﻢ اﻟـ� ﻫﻮ اﻟـ‪ daughter cell‬ﺗﺨﺮج ﻣﻦ اﻟـ‪ cell membrane‬ﺑﺘﺎع اﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺧﻠﻴﻪ ﻛﺒ�ه ﻃﺎﻟـﻊ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺘﺆء ﺻﻐ� ﻋﺮﻓﺘﻮا ﺳﺒﺐ اﻟـ‪ cluster‬ﻓﻰ اﻟـ‪ candida‬اﻳﻪ‬

‫اﻟـ ‪ pink‬ﺑﺘﺎﻋﻨﺎ ﻏﺎﻣﻖ و ﻫﺘﻘﻮﻰﻟ دا ﻗﺮ�ﺐ اوى ﻣﻦ اﻟـ‪ violet‬ﻋﻠﺸﺎن ﻛﺪه ﻻزم ﺗﻌﻮد ﻋﻴﻨﻚ‬
‫اﻟـ ‪ film‬دا ﻋﺒﺎره ﻋﻦ ‪ cocci‬ﻟﻮﻧﻬﺎ ‪pink‬‬

‫اﻟـ� ﻳﻄﻤﻨﻰ اﻛﺮﺘ ﻟﻮ دﻗﻘﺖ ﻫﻼﻗﻰ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟـ‪ film‬ﻣﻔﺮط و ‪arranged in pairs‬‬

‫ﺗﻴﺠﻮا ﻧﺮاﺟﻊ ﺑﺲ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺎ� ‪:‬‬

‫ﺧﺎﻣﺲ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺏ‬

‫‪ (١‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـ‪ shape‬اﻟـ� ﻋﻤﺮو ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ؟ ‪cocci‬‬

‫‪ (٢‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـﻠﻮن اﻟـ� اﻧﺖ ﺷﺎﻳﻔﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮو ؟ ‪violet‬‬
‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ‪gram positive cocci‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـ ‪ arrangement‬؟ ‪cluster‬‬

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Flash Notes in Microbioogy | The Quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog

‫اﻋﻤﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻤﺮو‬

Gram positive cocci arranged in cluster

staph.‫ ا ﻟـ‬ ‫دا ؟‬organism ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻣ� اﻟـ‬

‫( اﻟـﺴﺆال اﻟـﺮاﺑﻊ ﻳﺎ اوﻻد اﻟـﺨﻠﻔﻴﻪ ﻓﺎﺿﻴﻪ وﻻ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﺟﻪ ؟‬٤

‫ دا ﺟﻰ‬film ‫ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻟـ‬pus ‫اﻟـﺨﻠﻔﻴﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﺟﻪ ﺣﻤﺮا ﻳﺒﻘﻰ‬
‫ دا اﻟـ� ﻓﻰ اﻟـﻜﺘﺎب ﻓﻰ‬specimen ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟـ‬
direct detection ‫ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻚ‬vol.2

: ‫اﻋﻤﻞ اﻟـﺠﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻪ‬

gram positive cocci arranged in grape like
background‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟـ‬pus ‫ وﻣﻌﺎﻫﺎ‬cluster
staph. In pus ‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻒ‬
gram stain ‫ ﺑﺎ ﻟـ‬staphylococcus in pus ‫اﻧﺎ ﺑﻜﺘﺐ‬
gram ‫ﻋ� ﻓﻜﺮة ﻛﻞ اﻟـ� ﻫﻨﺸﻮﻓﻪ اﻟـﻨﻬﺎرده ﻣﺼﺒﻮغ ﺑﺎﻟـ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺩﺱ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺏ‬

‫ اﻟـﺪواﻳﺮ اﻟـﺼﻐ�ه اﻟـﻜﺒ� دا‬،‫ ﺑﺮاﻓﻮ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬cocci ‫( ﺷﺎﻳﻒ‬١

pus‫ اﻟـ‬background‫اﻟـ‬
gram positive ‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ‬violet‫( اﻟـﻠﻮن‬٢
‫ ؟‬arrangement ‫( اﻳﻪ راﻳﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻟـ‬٣
‫ ﻓﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟـﺎﺣﻴﺎن‬long chains ‫ او‬short chains
‫اﻳﻪ اﻟـﺠﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﻘﻰ اﻟـ� ﻫﺘﻌﻤﻠﻬﺎ ؟‬
Gram positive cocci arranged in chains
strept.‫اﻟـ‬
pus ‫ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬background‫و اﻟـ‬
Gram positive cocci arranged in chains with pus in background
gram stain ‫ ﺑﺎﻟـ‬strept. In pus‫ﻳﻌﻨﻰ‬

‫ﺳﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﺏ‬

‫ ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻫﻰ‬Neisseria‫ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟـﺪواﻳﺮ اﻟـ‬٣ ‫ ﺧﺪ ﺑﺎﻟـﻚ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﻰ‬cocci ‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ‬spherical ‫ ؟‬shape‫( اﻟـ‬١
organism ‫ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ اﻟـ‬pus cells‫ ﻣﺶ ﻻزم ﻛﻞ اﻟـ‬،‫اﻟـﻨﻘﻂ اﻟـﺮﻓﻴﻌﻪ دى‬
gram negative ‫ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ‬pink ‫ ؟‬color ‫( اﻟـ‬٢
‫ ( ؟‬chains \ pairs \ cluster ) ‫ ؟‬arrangement ‫( اﻟـ‬٣

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‫‪Flash Notes in Microbioogy | The Quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog‬‬

‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻛﺪاب ﻟﻮ ﻗﻮﻟﺖ اﻧﻚ ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ‪ pairs‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪك‪ ،‬دﻟﻮﻗﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻛﻞ اﺗﻨ� ﻓﻴﻜﻢ ﺻﺤﺎب ﺑﺲ ﺟﻤﻌﺘﻜﻢ‬
‫أوﺿﻪ ﺿﻴﻘﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺣﺪ ﻓﺘﺢ اﻟـﺒﺎب ﻫﻴﺪرك اﻧﻜﻢ ﻛﻞ اﺗﻨ� ﺻﺤﺎب وﻻ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﺾ ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟـﺊﺸ اﻟـ�‬
‫ﺣﺼﻞ ﺟﻮا اﻟـﺨﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻠﻴﻪ ﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺣﺪود ﻛﻞ اﺗﻨ� ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﺻﺤﺎب ﺑﺲ ﻛﻮﻧﻬﻢ ﻣﺘﺠﻤﻌ� ﻛﺪه ﻛﺘ� ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮا‬
‫ﻳﺒﺎﻧﻮا ‪group‬‬
‫اﺣﻨﺎ ﻗﻮﻟﻨﺎ اﻳﻪ ‪ ....‬اﻟـ‪ cocci‬اﻟـﺤﻤﺮا اﻟـﻮﺣﻴﺪة ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻫﻰ اﻟـ ‪Neisseria‬‬
‫ﳌﺎ ﻳﺒﻘﻮا ﺑﺮا و ﻳﺨﺮﺟﻮا اﻟـﻨﺎس ﻫﺘﻌﺮف اﻧﻜﻢ ﺟﺎﻳ� اﺗﻨﻨﺎت ‪ ،‬ﺑﺺ داﻳﻤﺎ ﺑﺮا اﻟـ ‪ pus‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺸﻮف ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟـ‪pair‬‬
‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻳﻪ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺺ ﺟﻮا اﻟـ‪ cells‬ﻫﺘﻼﻗﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻌﻼ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮ ادﻗﻖ ﺷﻮ�ﻪ اﻟـﺎﻗﻰ دول ‪ ٢‬ﻓﻮﻓﻘﻴﻬﻢ ‪ ٢‬و دول ‪ ٢‬ﺑﺎﻟـﻄﻮل‪ ،‬ﻟﻮ‬
‫دﻗﻘﺖ ﻫﺘﻼﻗﻰ ﻛﻞ ‪ ٢‬اﻗﺮب ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟـ‪cocci‬‬

‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ‪ arranged in pairs‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻣﺸﻮﻓﺘﻬﺎش ﺗﺨﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻻن ﻣﻔﻴﺶ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ‪ cocci‬ﺣﻤﺮا ﻏ� اﻟـ ‪،Neisseria‬‬
‫و ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻰ ‪ background‬ﻓﻴﻪ ‪pus‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﻼﺣﻆ اﻟـ‪ pus‬ﻫﻨﺎ ﺷﻜﻠﻪ اﻳﻪ ؟ ‪segmented‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺑﺺ ﻋ� اﻟـ‪ pus‬ﺑﺘﺎع اﻟـ‪ staph.‬ﺗﻼﻗﻴﻪ ‪homogenous‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺺ ﻋ� اﻟـ‪ pus‬ﺑﺘﺎع اﻟـ‪ strept.‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻼﻗﻴﻪ ‪homogenous‬‬

‫ﻓﻰ اﻟـ‪ Neisseria‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ‪ segmented‬ﻟﻴﻪ؟‬

‫ﻷن اﻟـ‪ staph‬ﺑﻴﻌﻤﻞ ‪ abscess‬دا ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ‪ closed lesion‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺮب ﺟﻮا ‪ white blood cells‬ﺟﺎﻳﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺤﺎرب و ﺑﺘﻤﻮت ﻓﻴﻘﻊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺿﺤﺎﻳﺎ ﻓﺎﻟـ ‪ dead white blood cells‬ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ‪ pus‬ﻳﺮﺘﻛﻨﻮا ﺟﻮا ﻓﺮﺘه ﻃﻮ�ﻠﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻗﻮم اﻟـ‪ DNA‬ﻳﺤﺼﻠﻪ ‪ lysis‬ﳌﺎ اﺟﻰ اﺻﺒﻎ اﻟـﺎﻗﻴﻪ ‪ homogenous‬ﺑﻄﺸﻪ ﺣﻤﺮا ﻛﺪه ﻟﻜﻦ ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟـ ‪ Neisseria‬دا ‪ superficial infection‬اﻟـﻌﻴﺎن ﻋﻨﺪه اﻟـ‪ organism‬ﻋ� اﻟـ ‪ureteral mucosa‬‬
‫اﻟـ ‪ white blood cells‬ﺧﺎرﺟﻪ ﺗﺤﺎرﺑﻪ ﻟﻘﺖ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺸﺎرع ﻓﻤﻠﺤﻘﺶ اﻟـ‪ DNA‬ﻳﺤﺼﻠﻪ‬
‫‪ degeneration‬ﳌﺎ ﺗﺎﺧﺪ ‪ specimen‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﺎن ﻋﻨﺪه ‪ gonorrhea‬اﻟـ‪ pus‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻟﺴﻪ ‪ fresh‬ﻓﻴﻘﻮم ﻳﺒﺎن‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ اﻟـ ‪ segmented nucleus‬ودا ﺣﺎﺟﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﺪﻟﻚ ‪ film‬اﻟـ‪ Neisseria‬ﺗﻼﻗﻰ اﻟـ ‪pus segmented‬‬

‫اﻟـ‪ film‬دا ﻫﻴﻠﻐﺒﻄﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻳﻪ و اﻧﺖ ﺑﺘﺘﻔﺮج اﻧﺎ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ دﻟﻮﻗﺘﻰ اﻫﻮه ﻋﻠﺸﺎن ﳌﺎ ﺗﻴﺠﻰ ﺗﺘﻔﺮج ‪ ،‬اﻗﺮب ‪slide‬‬
‫اﻳﻪ ﺗﺎ� ﻟﻞ ‪ slide‬دا ؟ اﻟـ ‪staph. In pus‬ﻻﻧﻚ ﻫﺘﺸﻮف ‪ pus‬و ‪ organism‬ﻣﺘﺠﻤﻊ‪ ....‬اﻳﻪ اﻟـﻔﺮق؟‬

‫‪ - 1‬اﻟـ‪ staph.‬ﻣﻔﺮوض اﻧﻪ ‪ ، violet‬ﻃﺐ ﻟﻮ اﻧﺎ ﻣﺶ ﺑﻌﺮف اﻣﻴﺰ اﻟـﺎﻟـﻮان ‪ ،‬ﻓﻰ ﻓﺮق واﺿﺢ ف اﻟـ‪ contrast‬ﺑ�‬

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‫‪Flash Notes in Microbioogy | The Quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog‬‬

‫اﻟـ ‪ organism‬و اﻟـ ‪background‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ اﻟـ ‪ Neisseria‬اﻟـ‪ organism‬ﺑﻠﻮن اﻟـ ‪ gram negative ، background‬و اﻟـ ‪pus gram negative‬‬

‫‪ -2‬اﻟـ‪ staph.‬ﻛﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﻄﻮط ﻓﻮق اﻟـ ‪ pus‬ﻣﺶ ﺟﻮا ﻫﺘﻌﺮف ﺗﻤﻴﺰ دى ﻛﻮ�ﺲ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟـ ‪ neisseria‬ﺟﻮا اﻟـ ‪pus‬‬
‫‪ - ٣‬ﺗﺒﺺ ﺗﻼﻗﻰ اﻟـ ‪staph. Cluster‬ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟـ ‪ Neisseria‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ زﺣﻤﻪ ﺗﻼﻗﻴﻬﻢ ‪pairs‬‬
‫‪ - ٤‬اﻟـ ‪ pus‬ﻣﻬﻮاش ‪ segmented‬ﻓﻰ اﻟـ‪ staph.‬و ‪ segmented‬ﻓﻰ اﻟـ‪neisseria‬‬

‫اﻟـ ‪ film‬دا ﺑﺎﻟـﺬات اﻛﺘﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ‪ ، pathogenic‬ﻃﺎﻟـﻤﺎ ﺷﻔﺖ اﻟـ‪ Neisseria‬ﺟﻮا ‪ pus cells‬ﺗﺒﻘﻰ دى‬
‫‪ pathogenic‬ﻻن ﻓﻴﻪ ﻧﻮﻋ� )‪ ، pathogenic ( gono. \meningo.‬واﺣﺪ ﻳﻘﻮﻰﻟ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ‪ gono.‬ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟـﺎﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻧﻌﺪﻳﻬﺎﻟـﻚ و ﻟﻮ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ‪ meningo.‬ﻧﻌﺪﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ‪ pathogenic‬اﻓﻀﻞ ﻻﻧﻚ ﻣﺶ ﻋﺎرف‬
‫دى ‪ gono.‬وﻻ‪meningo.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻃﺐ ﻟﻮ اﻧﺎ ﻓﻰ ا ﻟـ‪ power point‬ﻋﺎوزك ﺗﻘﻮل دا ‪ gono.‬اﻋﻤﻞ اﻳﻪ ؟‬

‫اﻛﺘﺐ ﻓﻮق ‪urethral discharge‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻟﻮ ﻋﺎوزك ﺗﻘﻮل ‪meningo.‬‬
‫اﻛﺘﺒﻠﻚ ﻓﻮق ‪CSF‬‬
‫اﻧﺎ اﻟـﺰﻣﺘﻚ ﺗﻘﻮل دا ﻣ� ﻋﻠﺸﺎن ﺣﺪدت اﻟـ ‪ sample‬وﻟﻘﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟـﻤﻨﻈﺮ دا‪ ،‬اﺣﺪى اﻟـﻔﻮاز�ﺮ ﺑﺘﺎﻋﺘﻨﺎ ا� اﺟﻴﺒﻠﻚ‬
‫‪ case‬ﺑﺎﻟـﺸﻜﻞ دا‬

‫ﺍﺧﺮ ‪ film‬ﺍﻟـﻨﻬﺎﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍ ﺍﺻﻌﺐ ﺍﻓﻼﻣﻨﺎ ﺗﺨﻴﻞ‬

‫ﻋﺎوزك اور�ﻚ ‪ tissue‬ﻣﺶ اور�ﻚ ‪pus‬‬

‫واﺣﺪ ﻳﻘﻮﻰﻟ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ا ﻟـ ‪ tissue‬؟‬
‫)‪(homogenous matrix + fibers + pus cells‬‬
‫واﺣﺪ ﻳﻘﻮﻰﻟ اﻧﺎ ﻣﺶ ﻋﺎرف اﻟـﻜﻼم دا ﻣﻦ اﻳﺎم اﻟـﻬﺴﺘﻮﻟﻮﺟﻰ اﻗﻮﻟﻪ وﻻ ﻳﻬﻤﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺪل ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺮف اﻟـ ‪ tissue‬و ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺮف اﻟـ ‪ ،organism‬ﻻ ﺗﻌﺎﻟـﻰ اﻋﺮف اﻟـ ‪ organism‬اﻷول و ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻦ اﻋﺮف‬
‫اﻧﻪ ‪in tissue‬‬

‫‪ (١‬اﻟـ ‪ shape‬؟؟ ‪cocci‬‬

‫ﻋﺎرﻓ� اﻟـ ‪ ٣‬اﺳﺌﻠﺔ دول ﻳﻮم ﻣﺎ ﺗﻐﻠﺐ ‪ ،‬ﺗﻼﻗﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﺣﻠﻴﺖ اﻟـﻤﺸﻜﻠﻪ‬
‫‪ (٢‬اﻟـﻠﻮن ؟ ﻓﻰ ﻓﺮق واﺿﺢ ﺑﻴﻬﺎ و ﺑ� اﻟـﺨﻠﻴﻔﻪ ‪ ،‬اﻧﺎ ﺷﺎﻳﻒ ﻟﻮن ‪ violet‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪gram positive cocci‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬اﻟـ ‪arrangement‬؟؟)‪in pairs (diplococci‬‬

‫ﻻﺣﻈﺘﻰ ﺣﺎﺟﻪ اﻟـﺴﻬﻢ ﻣﺸﺎور ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺸﻮﻓﺘﻬﻤﺶ ‪ groups‬ﻟﻴﻪ ﺣﺴﻴﺖ اﻧﻬﻢ اﺗﻨﻨﺎت ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻫﻤﺎ ﻗﺮ�ﺒ�‬
‫اوى‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﺼﻮﻟ� ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ب ‪capsule‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣ� ﻫﻤﺎ اﻟـ ‪ capsule‬؟؟‬
‫ﻓﺮاغ اﺑﻴﺾ ﻣﺶ ﻣﺼﺒﻮغ‪ ،‬داﻳﻤﺎ اﻟـ‪ capsule‬ﻓﻰ اﻟـ ‪ gram stain‬ﻳﺒﺎن ‪unstained hallow‬‬

‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﻧﺎ ﺷﻔﺖ ) ‪gram positive capsulated diplococci ( cocci in pairs‬‬

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‫‪ -‬ﻣ� اﻟـ‪ organism‬اﻟـ� ﻛﺎن دا وﺻﻔﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟـﻤﻨﻬﺞ ؟‬

‫‪ pneumococcus‬ا ﻟـ� ﻫﻮ ‪strept pneumoniae‬‬
‫واﻟـ ‪ virulence factor‬ﺑﺘﺎﻋﻪ ﻫﻮ اﻟـ‪ capsule‬و دا ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﻣﻦ اﻟـ‪ tissue‬ﺑﺘﺎع اﻟـﻔﺎر‪ ،‬ﺟﺒﻨﺎ اﻟـ‪ sample‬و‬
‫ﺣﻘﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﻓﻰ اﻟـﻔﺎر‪ ،‬اﻟـﻔﺎر ﻣﺎت ﺧﺪﻧﺎ اﻟـ ‪ tissue‬ﻃﻠﻊ اﻟـﻤﻨﻈﺮ دا و ﺷﻮﻓﺖ اﻟـ ‪ capsule‬و اول ﻣﺎ اﺷﻮف‬
‫‪ capsule‬ف ‪ film‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ دا ‪tissue‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻛﺮ�ﻦ اﻟـﻘﺎﻋﺪه ﺑﺘﺎﻋﻪ اﻟـ‪ capsule‬ﺑﺘﺘﻜﻮن ‪ ، in tissue‬و اﻟـ ‪ spores‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ‪in vitro‬‬
‫اﻟـﻜﻮﻣﻨﺖ اﻟـﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺎﺧﺮ ‪ pneumococcus in tissue‬ﻣﺼﺒﻮﻏﺎ ﺑﺎﻟـ‪gram stain‬‬

‫دول اﻟـ ‪ 8 slides‬اﻟـ� ﻫﻨﺸﻮﻓﻬﻢ اﻟـﻨﻬﺎرده‬

‫ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﻮﻑ ‪media‬‬

‫اﻟـ‪ media‬ﺑﻘﻰ ﺳﺮ�ﻌﻪ ﺳﻬﻠﻪ اﻟـﻨﻬﺎرده ﻫﻮر�ﻜﻢ اﻟـ ‪ plane‬ﺑﺲ اﻟـ� ﻫﻰ ﻣﺶ ﻣﺰروﻋﻪ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺮف اﻟـ ‪ medium‬ب‪ ٣‬اوﺻﺎف‬
‫‪ Solid (١‬وﻻ ‪ fluid‬ﻃﺎﻟـﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ‪solid‬‬
‫‪ Transparent (٢‬و ﻻ ‪ opaque‬و دى ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ اﻧﻚ ﺗﺒﺺ ﻓﻰ اﻟـ ‪ medium‬ﻋ� ﺣﺎﺟﻪ ﻛﻜﺘﻮﺑﻪ او ﺿﺆء‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﻮ ﻋﺪت اﻟـﻨﻮر او ﻗﺮ�ﺖ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﺟﻪ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ‪transparent‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﻟﻮﻧﻬﺎ‬

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‫ﺍﻻﻭﻝ ‪ solid -١‬ﻻﻗﻨﻬﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻃﺒﻖ‬

‫‪ opaque yellow-٢‬ﻓﻰ اﻟـﻠﻮن‬
‫‪ transparent -٣‬ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻪ اﻫﻰ‬
‫اﻟـﺘﻼت اوﺻﺎف دول ﻳﻨﻄﺒﻘﻮا ﻋ� اﻟـ ‪nutrient agar‬‬

‫ﺍﻟـﺘﺎﻧﻰ ‪ solid -١ :‬ﻻﻧﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻃﺒﻖ‬

‫‪ -٢‬اﻟـ‪red : colour‬‬
‫‪ opaque-٣‬ﻣﻘﺪرش اﺷﻮف ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟـﻪ اى ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ دا ‪ blood agar‬ﻋ� ﻃﻮل‬

‫ده اﺳﻤﻪ ‪ plain medium‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﺶ ﻣﺰروع ﻓﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺶ ﻫﺘﻘﻮل اﻛﺮﺘ ﻣﻦ اﻟـ‪ ٣‬ﻛﻠﻤﺎت دول و اﻧﻪ ‪blood‬‬
‫‪agar‬ﻓﻰ ‪ organism‬ازرﻋﻪ ﻋ� ‪ blood agar‬ﻳﻘﻮل ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺶ اﺳﺘﻐﻞ اﻟـ� ﺟﻮا اﻟـ‪ RBC‬ﻗﺸﺮﻰﻟ اﻟـ ‪RBC‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮم ﺗﻔﺮﻗﻊ و اﻟـ‪ Hb‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ‪ hematin‬و�ﺒﺎن ﺑﺎﻟـﻠﻮن اﻟـﺒﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﺗﻼﻗﻰ‬
‫‪ media‬ﻟﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻨﻰ و ‪opaque‬‬

‫ﺍﻟـﺘﺎﻟـﺖ‬

‫‪ Solid‬اﻛﻴﺪ ‪opaque ، brown ،‬‬

‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ دا ‪ chocolate agar‬ﻋ� ﻃﻮل ‪ ،‬ﻣﺶ ‪ media‬ﺣﺎﻃ� ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻛﻮﻻﺗﺔ‪ blood agar ، heated \ hemolysid blood agar ،‬ﺳﺨﻨﺎه‬
‫ﻗﻠﺐ ﺷﻮﻛﻮﻻﺗﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻟـﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ solid (١‬اﻛﻴﺪ ﻻﻧﻪ ﻓﻰ ﻃﺒﻖ‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺷﻔﺎف ﻻ� ﻗﺎدر اﺷﻮف ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟـﻪ ﺻﻔﻴﻪ اﻫﻮه‬
‫‪ (٣‬و اﻟـﻠﻮن ‪ pale pink‬ﻋﺮﻓﺖ اﻟـﺘﻼت ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﻬﻤﻪ ﻟﻴﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻓﻴﻜﻢ اﻟـﺤﺼﻪ اﻟـ� ﻓﺎﺗﺖ ﻗﺎﻟـﻰ ﻣﺶ دا ‪،blood agar‬ﻟﻴﻪ ؟‬

‫ﳌﺎ ﺑﻴﻄﺒﻖ اﻟـﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ﺑﻴﻘﻮل اﻟـ‪ media solid‬و ﺣﻤﺮا دا ﻣﺶ اﺣﻤﺮ دا ‪،pale pink‬ﻟﻮ اﻧﺖ ﻣﺶ ﺑﺘﻤﻴﺰ اﻟـﺎﻟـﻮان‬
‫ﻛﻮ�ﺲ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻔﺎف ‪ blood agar‬ﻋﻠﺸﺎن ﻓﻰ ‪ cells‬ﻳﺒﺎن ‪opaque‬‬

‫ﻟﻜﻦ دا اﺳﻤﻪ ‪ MacConkey‬دا اﻟـ� ﻫﻨﺸﻮف ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟـ ‪lactose non fermenter‬‬
‫و ‪lactose fermenter‬‬

‫ﻋﺎرف ﻣﻬﻤﻪ اوى اﻟـﻮﺻﻒ ﺑﺘﺎع اﻟـ‪ media‬ﺗﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ ازاى ﻟﻴﻪ ؟‬

‫اﻟـ ‪ blood agar‬ﻣﺰروع ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺺ اﻟـﺤﺼﻪ اﻟـﺠﺎﻳﻪ ان ﺷﺎء اﻟـﻠﻪ ﻫﻨﺸﻮف‬
‫‪organism‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ hemolysis‬ﻓﺎﻟـ‪ blood agar‬ﺑﻘﻰ ﺷﻔﺎف‬

‫و ﻫﻨﺸﻮف اﻟـ ‪ macConkey‬ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ organim‬ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ lactose fermentation‬ﻓﺒﻘﻰ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ اﺣﻤﺮ ‪ ،‬دول اﻛﺮﺘ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺟﺘ� ﻫﺘﺘﻠﺨﺒﻂ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟـ ‪media‬‬

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‫ﳌﺎ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻰ ‪beta hemolysis‬‬

‫ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﺶ ﻋﺎرف دا اﻟـ‪ macConkey‬اﻟـ� ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟـ ‪rose pink‬‬
‫وﻻ اﻟـ ‪ blood agar‬اﻟـ� ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪hemolysis‬‬

‫وﺻﻒ اﻟـ ‪ media‬ﻣﻬﻢ دﻟﻮﻗﺘﻰ ﻋﻠﺸﺎن اﻣﺮﻧﻚ ﻋ� اﻟـﺤﺼﻪ اﻟـﺠﺎﻳﻪ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ‬

‫اﻟـﻄﺒﻖ ﻣﺰروع ازاى‬

‫ﺑﺺ ﻟﻤﺎ ﻧﺸﻮﻑ ﺍﺧﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ‬

‫ﻫﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ‪ blueish green‬ز�ﺘﻰ ﻛﺪه و ﺷﻔﺎف و ‪solid‬‬
‫دا اﺳﻤﻪ ‪T.C.B.S for vibrio cholera‬‬

‫ﻟﻮ ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺎﻣﺘﺤﺎن اﻟـ ‪ media‬ﻟﻮ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﺿﻪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ درﺟﺘ� ‪ ،‬ﻳﻨﻔﻊ اﻧﺰﻟﻚ ‪ media‬ﺗﻘﻮﻰﻟ ‪ T.C.B.S‬ﺗﺎﺧﺪ‬
‫اﻟـﺪرﺟﺘ� ؟ ﻣﻴﻨﻔﻌﺶ ‪ ،‬ﻻزم ﺗﻘﻮﻰﻟ ﻣﺜﺎﻟـ ل ‪ organism‬ﺑﻲ‪ grow‬ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬

‫اﻟـ� ﺗﺎﺧﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ درﺟﺘ� ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺎﻣﺘﺤﺎن ‪T.C.B.S for vibrio‬‬

‫‪cholera , chocolate agar for Neisseria‬‬

‫ﻟﻮ اﻟـ‪ media‬ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻣﺰروﻋﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ اﺳﻢ اﻟـ ‪ organism‬واﺳﻢ‬

‫اﻟـ ‪ media‬درﺟﻪ و درﺟﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻰ ﺍﺭﺑﻊ ‪ medium‬ﺍﺧﺮﻯ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺲ ﻓﻰ‬

‫‪tubes‬‬

‫‪ media -١‬ﻟﻮن ﺑﻴﺎض اﻟـﺒﻴﺾ اﻟـﻤﺴﻠﻮق ‪ fluid ،‬ﻋﻠﺸﺎن ﻓﻰ ‪ tube‬ﻃﺐ ﻓﻰ ‪ fluid‬ﻳﺒﻘﻰ واﻗﻒ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻛﺪه‬
‫اﻛﻴﺪ ‪opaque ، solid‬‬
‫دى اﺳﻤﻬﺎ ‪ loeffler s serum‬و ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻬﺎش ﻣﺰروﻋﻪ و ﺗﻘﻮﻰﻟ ‪ for‬ﻣ� ؟ ‪for diphtheria ‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺸﻔﻮى ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻤﺘﺤﻦ ﻳﻘﻮﻟﻚ ﻫﻰ ‪ solidified‬ﺑﺎﻳﻪ ؟ﺑﺎﻟـ ‪ heating‬ﻟﻴﻪ ؟ ﻋﻠﺸﺎن ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪serum‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟـ‪ heating‬ﻋﻤﻞ ‪coagulation‬‬
‫‪-٢‬اﻳﻪ راﻳﻚ ﻓﻰ اﻟـ ‪ media‬اﻟـﺨﻀﺮا دى ﻣ� ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺎﻧﺒﻮﺑﻪ او ازازه ﻣﻘﻔﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫دى ‪ Lowenstein – Jensen media‬اﺧﺎف اﻧﺰﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺰروﻋﻪ ﺗﻜﺴﺮ اﻧﺒﻮﺑﻪ وﻻ ﺣﺎﺟﻪ ﺗﻨﺸﺮ اﻟـﻤﺸﻜﻠﻪ ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟـﺠﻮ دى ‪ for T.B‬ﻋﻠﺸﺎن ﻛﺪه ﻣﻨﺰﻟﻬﺎش ﻣﺰروﻋﻪ اﻧﺖ ﻻزم ﺗﻘﻮل اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫‪Lowenstein – Jensen media for T.B‬‬

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‫ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﺰل ازازه ﺻﻐ�ه ﻣﺒﻄﻄﻪ ﻧﻘﻔﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟـ ‪ screw cap‬او اﻧﺒﻮﺑﻪ‬
‫‪ rubber‬او ‪screw cap‬ﺑﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮ�ﻠﻪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟـ ‪ media‬اﻟـ� ﻟﻮﻧﻬﺎ اﺧﻀﺮ ﻣﻘﻔﻮﻟﻪ ب‬

‫ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺸﻔﻮى ﻫﻴﺴﺎﻟـﻚ ﻫﻰ ﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻘﻔﻮﻟﻪ ‪ tightly‬ﺳﻮا‬

‫اﻟـ‪ loeffler‬او اﻟـ‪ lowenstein‬و اﻟـﺎﺟﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ ؟‬

‫‪‬اﻟـ‪ loeffler‬ﺑﺰرع ﻋﻠﻴﻪ اﻟـ‪ diptheria‬ﺑﻴﺒﺎن ﺑﻌﺪ ‪٤٨‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻋﻪ ﺑﺎﻟـﻜﺘ� ﻣﺶ ﻣﺤﺘﺎج اﻗﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟـ‪screw cap‬‬
‫أﻣﺎل ﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻘﻔﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟـ‪ screw cap‬اﻧﺎ ﻣﺶ ﺧﺎﻳﻒ اﻟـ ‪ media‬ﺗﺘﺒﺨﺮ ﻋﻠﺸﺎن اﻟـ ‪ ،organism‬اﻧﺎ ﺧﺎﻳﻒ اﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺸﻒ و ﺗﺘﺒﺨﺮ ﻋﻠﺸﺎن اﻟـﺎﻧﺒﻮﺑﻪ ﺗﻘﻰ ﺑﺎﻇﺖ و ارﻣﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺪه ‪ ،‬اﻧﺎ ﻋﺎﻳﺰ ﻃﺎﻟـﻤﺎ ﻣﻔﻴﺶ ﻋﻴﻨﺎت ﺟﺎﺗ� ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﻣﻘﻔﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﺸﺎن اﺧﺘﻔﻆ ﺑﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮ اﻧﺎ ﻣﻐﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﻨﻄﻪ و ﺷﺎﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺳﻬﻠﻪ ﺗﻨﺸﻒ ﻫﺮﻣﻴﻬﺎ و اﺑﻘﻰ ﺧﺴﺮت ﻻﻧﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﻟـﻴﻪ‬

‫ﻟﻜﻦ دى ﻗﺎﻓﻠﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻟﻴﻪ ﻛﺪه ؟ ﺧﺎﻳﻒ ﺗﻨﺸﻒ ﻻن اﻟـ ‪ organism‬ﻣﺤﺘﺎج ‪ incubation period‬ﻃﻮ�ﻠﻪ ‪٨-٢‬‬
‫اﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮ ﻣﻐﻄﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﻄﻨﻪ ﻫﺘﻨﺸﻒ و اﻟـ‪ organism‬ﻣﺶ ﻫﻴﻘﺪر ‪grow‬‬

‫ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺤﺎﻟـﺘ� ‪ to keep media moist‬ﺑﺲ ﺑﻬﺪﻓ� ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔ�‪،‬دى ﻫﺪف ﺗﺠﺎرى ﺑﺤﺖ‪ ،‬ودى‬
‫اﻟـ ‪organism slow grower‬‬
‫اﻳﻪ راﻳﻜﻢ دى ﺷﻮرﺑﻪ اﻧﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﺒﻬﺎﻟـﻚ اور�ﻬﺎﻟـﻚ ﺑﺲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻨﺰﻟﺶ ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺎﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻟﻜﻦ اﻟـ� ﺗﻨﺰل ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺎﻣﺘﺤﺎن‬
‫اﻟـﺸﻮرﺑﻪ اﻣﻮ ﻟﺤﻤﻪ اﺳﻤﻬﺎ ‪ ، cooked meat medium‬ﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺐ اﻟـﻠﺤﻤﻪ ﻓﻰ وﺳﻂ اﻟـﺸﻮرﺑﻪ ﻛﺪه ‪to‬‬
‫‪ ، support anaerobic growth‬اﻟـﻠﺤﻤﻪ ﺑﻴﻄﻠﻊ ‪glutathione , ascorbic acid and hematin‬‬

‫اﻟـﺸﻮرﺑﻪ اﻟـ� ﻣﻦ ﻏ� ﻟﺤﻤﻪ ﻣﺶ ﳌﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﺎن ﻟﺤﻤﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟـﺎول و اﻟـﻠﺤﻤﻪ ﻃﻠﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟـ ‪reducing‬‬
‫‪ agents‬اﻣﺎﻟـ ﻟﻴﻪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ دى ﺑﺲ ‪ for anaerobic culture‬و اﻟـﺘﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻻ ؟ اﻧﺎ ﻣﺠﺮد ﻣﺎ ﻓﺼﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ‬
‫اﻟـﻠﺤﻤﻪ اﻟـ ‪ reducing substance‬اﺻﺒﺢ ﺟﻮاﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﺪدوه و ﻣﻊ اﻟـﻬﻮاء اﻟـ ‪reducing substance‬‬
‫اﻧﺘﻬﻰ اﻟـ ‪ action‬ﺑﺘﺎﻋﻬﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺼﻮا دى اﺧﺮ اﻧﺒﻮﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺸﻮﻓﻬﺎ اﻟـﻨﻬﺎرده ‪ ..‬اﻟـﻤﺮه اﻟـﺠﺎﻳﻪ ﻫﻨﺸﻮف اﻟـﻮاﻧﻬﺎ اﻟـﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻟـ ‪T.S.I‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟـﺎﺳﻢ ﺗﻌﺮف ان ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪ ٤‬ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫‪ T.S‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ )‪ triple sugar ( glucose – lactose – sucrose‬ﺑﺲ اﻟـﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮز ﻣﺤﻄﻮط ﺑﻌﺸﺮ اﻟـﻜﻤﻴﻪ‬
‫‪ I‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪ iron‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﻰ ‪ ferrous salt‬ﻣﺤﻄﻮط ﻫﻨﺎ‬

‫‪ Solid‬وﻻ ‪ fluid‬؟‬
‫‪ solid‬ﻋﻠﺸﺎن ﻣﺎدام ﻓﻰ ‪ slob‬ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻪ ﻛﺪه ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ‪ solid‬اﻟـ ‪ slob‬اﻟـﻌﺎدى ﻳﺒﻘﻰ واﺻﻞ ﻗﺮب اﻟـ ‪ bottom‬ﻟﻜﻦ‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎ ﻛﻌﺐ ﻛﺒ� ﺑ� اﻟـ ‪ media‬و اﻟـ‪ slob‬ﻳﺒﺪا اﻟـﻜﻌﺐ اﺳﻤﻪ ‪ butt‬و اﻟـﻤﻴﻞ اﺳﻤﻪ ‪slab‬‬

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Flash Notes in Microbioogy | The Quick brown fox jumps over a lazy dog

‫ ﻫﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻟﻮﻧﻬﻢ اﻳﻪ ؟؟‬slab ‫ و اﻟـ‬butt‫ اﻟـ‬media ‫اﻟـﻤﺮه اﻟـﺠﺎﻳﻪ ﳌﺎ ازرﻋﻬﻢ ﻫﻨﺸﻮف اﻟـ‬

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