BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY

ORANI CAMPUS

ORANI BATAAN

FINAL EXAM IN BIG HISTORY

NAME: David, Charles Vincent A.

Course, Year and section : BPED-2B

I. Multiple Choice: choose the best answer (in another sheet).

1. Which of the following would best determine whether two plant species share a
recent common ancestor?
A. DNA sequences
B. Habitat distribution
C. Stem lengths
D. Flowering times
2. Homo sapiens first appeared approximately
A. 50,000 years ago
B. 200,000 years ago
C. 800,000 years ago
D. 3,000 BCE

3. What best describes the hind leg bones seen in the whale?

A. Analogous structures to the fins of living fish

B. Vestigial structures that had a function in an ancestor
C. Fossil structures from an extinct ancestor
D. Homologous structures to the wings of butterflies
4. Archaeologists have confirmed that the birthplace of humankind was in
a. Africa
b. Asia
c. the Middle East
d. Eurasia

5. How do fossils support evolution?

A. Individual species disappear and reappear in the fossil record over time.
B. The fossil record provides evidence that all organisms developed at the
same time.
 C. Organisms in the fossil record are identical to living organisms.
D. The fossil record provides evidence that organisms have changed over
time.
6. What is the most widely accepted theory about human migration to the
Americas?
A. They traveled by sea, from East Asia
B. They traveled by land, crossing the Bering land bridge
C. They traveled by sea, from West Africa
D. They travelled by land to far east asia

7. The molecules that form the basis of life are built around the element _________.
A. Nitrogen
B. Carbon
C. Oxygen
D. Phosporus
8. What is one feature that distinguishes Homo sapiens from its predecessors?
A. complex spoken language
B. ability to control complex tools
C. bipedalism

9. The RNA hypothesis proposes that RNA was the first organic molecule to evolve
and that early life is based on RNA rather than _____________.
A. Proteins
B. DNA
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above
10. Which evolutionary theory suggests that early hominids adapted more easily to
dry climates?
A. the savannah hypothesis
B. the aridity hypothesis
C. the oasis theory
D. Big bang theory

11. This explains the wings of penguins would be smaller than those of other birds
because penguins do not use them to fly.
A. Natural Selection
B. Law of Use and Disuse
C. Inheritance
D. Environmental effect
12. What is one piece of evidence that supports the theory that humans crossed to
the Americas via the Bering land bridge?
A. Spear points similar to those found near Beringia were found in New Mexico
B. Ruins of former settlements were unearthed near Beringia
C. Human fossils in the Americas were carbon-dated prior to 13,000 years ago
D. Fossils in south america
13. Physical features shared due to evolutionary history (a common ancestor) are
said to be _______.
A. Homologous
B. Analogous
C. Inherited
D. Convergent evolution
14. Which early hominid species was one of the first to control fire and migrate to
new regions?
A. Homo habilis
B. Homo sapiens
C. Homo erectus

15. Proposed that imple inorganic molecules could have reacted (with energy from
lightning or the sun) to form building blocks like amino acids and nucleotides,
which could have accumulated in the oceans, making a "primordial soup."
A. Charles Darwin
B. Oparin and Haldane
C. Miller and Urey
D. Jean Baptise Lamarck

16. Homo sapiens first appeared approximately

A. 50,000 years ago
B. 200,000 years ago
C. 800,000 years ago
D. 3000,000 years ago

17. The process where species evolved independently in different organisms because
the organisms lived in similar environments or experienced similar selective
pressures.
A. Homologous
B. Analogous
C. Inherited
D. Convergent evolution
18. Paleolithic (“Stone Age”) refers to the fact that during this period humans:
A. Began using stone tools to manipulate their environments
B. Painted on the stone walls of caves
C. Used stone exclusively as a building material
D. Uses spear to hunt

19. Organisms have structures that are homologous to important structures in other
organisms but that have lost their major ancestral function. These structures are
called __________.
A. Proteins
B. DNA
C. Vestigial
D. Chromosomes
20. Evidence for the widespread use of language by humans during the Paleolithic
includes:
 A. Various written inscriptions found at Paleolithic sites
B. The ability to hunt animals for food
C. Long-distance travel and trade, and the organization of complex social
and cultural structures
D. Sound and phoenix formation
21. _______________ is the process by which humans breed a population of plants or
animals to make them more productive, easier to control, or more beneficial to
humans in other ways.
A. Irrigation
B. Domestication
C. Sedentism
D. Civilization
22. Why did many leaders in agrarian civilizations choose conquest to pay their
expenses rather than try to raise money in lands they already controlled?
A. Conquering neighboring states is easier.
B. Conquest was much less costly to agrarian civilizations than attempts to
raise money through lands already controlled.
C. Land productivity had its limits, and at some point, leaders of agrarian
civilizations realized that they had extracted all they could get out of their
populations.
D. Most agrarian civilizations funneled the vast majority of their resources to
a well-trained army, with which they conquered neighboring states.

23. How do the plants that humans choose to cultivate benefit from human
attention?
A. The plants grow better as a result of human contact.
B. The plants no longer need water and sunlight in order to prosper.
C. The plants are closely tended to and protected from predators.
D. They don’t.
24. What advantages did the Afro-Eurasian world zone have over the other world
zones?
A. It was the most secluded from the other world zones and thus less
susceptible to disease.
B. The Afro-Eurasian world zone was the least populated of the world zones
and therefore had the most land available for expansion of agrarian
civilizations.
C. It was the most tropical in its climate and thus had the longest growing
season available to agrarian civilizations.
D. It covered a larger area and had better plants for food, better animals for
transportation, and had been occupied longer than any other zone.
25. Why did some very large empires begin to decline and fall after they had taken
over large expanses of land?
A. There was an alien invasion.
B. There were a number of meteor showers that destroyed these areas and
they were never able to recover.
C. They ran out of land to farm.
D. They had grown so large that it was difficult to maintain control over such
a large area of land and people.
26. The Australasian and Pacific world zones faced disadvantages because of their
smaller land areas, smaller populations, fewer resources, and the fact that
agriculture came to these areas very late or not at all.
A. True
B. False
27. Geographically, farming began in _____________.
A. South Africa
B. the Fertile Crescent
C. China
D. North America
28. The Afro-Eurasian world zone had an edge over the other world zones for all of
the following reasons
A. Technological advancements created in the Afro-Eurasian world gave them
an edge over others.
B. Larger populations in Afro-Eurasia meant that collective learning increased
more rapidly.
C. Immunity to diseases gave Afro-Eurasians an advantage over people in other
world zones once interaction between these areas increased.
D. The lack of work animals such as horses and camels meant that the Afro-
Eurasians had to innovate in order to advance.

29. What other factor, besides climate change, brought about the age of agriculture
at the end of the last ice age?
A. Population pressure
B. An asteroid strike
C. A sharp decrease in precipitation
D. A pandemic of disease
30. All of the following innovations in communication helped to speed up the
process of interconnection in the fifteenth century EXCEPT:
A. Telegraph
B. Printing
C. Paper
D. Writing

31. The _____________ people are credited for developing agriculture.

A. Chinese
B. New Guinean
C. South American
D. Natufian
32. Innovations in transportation such as ______________helped to speed up the
process of interconnection during the Age of Exploration.
A. road systems and courier systems
B. railroad powered by steams
C. passenger air flights
D. Airways
33. Farming and the surplus of food allowed humans to focus on activities other
than food production, which led to the division of labor and the creation of new
social classes.
A. True
B. False
34. Trade before the late fifteenth century was confined to four separated world
zones (Afro-Eurasia, the Americas, the Pacific Islands, and Australasia).
A. True
B. False

35. Rulers and government were a necessary consequence of agricultural production

and the creation of civilizations because someone had to keep track of the
surplus of food and organize large-scale irrigation projects.
A. True
B. False
36. People in the 1400s would have used all of the following modes of transportation
for trade EXCEPT:
A. Horses
B. Ships
C. Camels
D. Trains

37. All early agricultural civilizations developed near _____________.

A. mountains
B. rivers
C. canyons
D. volcanoes
38. The use of _______________ helped to facilitate trade.
A. gold
B. silver
C. paper
D. currency

39. Written records provide humans with the ability to preserve and pass on large
amounts of information from one generation to the next.
A. True
B. False
40. The building of roads allowed for the movement of all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Evolutionary changes such as mutations in DNA
B. Spread of diseases
C. Movement of armies
D. Travel and the trade of goods and ideas

41. Historians and scientists study events by using the same tools, artifacts, and
documents.
A. True
B. False
 42. Evidence-based history relies on the credibility of historians and on oral
tradition.
A. True
B. False

43. Historians only use written historical accounts to study past events.
A. True
B. False
44. What ended the Silk Road era?
A. A severe decline in the camel population due to famine and disease.
B. Political instability in Rome and China made trade between these two
areas impractical.
C. The invention of the steam engine.
D. The invention of more sea-worthy ships to traverse the Indian Ocean.

45. All of the following empires contributed to the maintenance of the Silk Road
except:
A. Spanish
B. Roman
C. Han
D. Parthian

46. What effect did the Silk Roads and other networks of exchange and trade have
on the development and power of the four world zones?
A. The Silk Roads made Afro-Eurasia more technologically dynamic,
interlinked, and powerful than any other zone.
B. The Silk Roads connected all of the four world zones, opening the globe to
a worldwide marketplace.
C. The Silk Roads put the Americas on the map and set in motion a shift in
power from the east to the west.
D. The Silk Roads connected Australia with the islands of the Pacific,
bringing both world zones into a competitive balance with the others.

47. The modern world counts as the eighth threshold of increasing complexity
because it exhibits four important characteristics. Which of the following is NOT
one of these four characteristics?
A. Warmer climates after the last ice age
B. Human control over energy and resources
C. Rapid population growth
D. Increasing fragility
II. Write A if the following is a reason for population growth while B is for
Food supply growth.

B 1. Records of surpluses were needed to keep track of the food supplies

A 2. People began to build temples to honor gods
 A 3. People needed a way to explain a natural phenomena
A 4. Some people become wealthier and powerful than others
A 5. Someone had to protect the people, buildings and food surpluses
B 6. Someone has to organize building projects, food surpluses and irrigation
projects
A 7. The government need a way to collect money to help pay for infrastructures
B 8. The surplus of food meant that people could focus on other occupations.

III. Complete the table below.

Scientific name Time period in Key features/ capabilities

Description of Hominid which this
hominid lived
Upright man 200,000 years ability to make complex tools
ago in Pleistocene was possible because of the
strength and dexterity in its
Homo erectus
hands, which it owes to a
certain hand-bone projection
called a "styloid process"
Earliest 4.4 million year Had a grasping big toe
human-like old species from adapted for locomotion in
Ethiopia trees. However, scientists
creature Ardipithecus
claim that other features of
ramidus
its skeleton reflect adaptation
to bipedalism. Like later
hominins, Ardipithecus had
reduce canine teeth.
Southern ape 4 million years Able to walk on two legs but
ago in Africa still retained many ape
like features including
Australopithecus
adaptations for tree climbing,
a small brain, and a long jaw.
many cranial features were
quite ape-like, including a
low, sloping forehead, a
projecting face, and
prominent brow ridges above
the eyes.
Neanderthals at least 200,000 made and used a diverse set
years ago during of sophisticated tools,
the Pleistocene controlled fire, lived in
Homo
Epoch (about 2.6 shelters, made and wore
neanderthalensis
million to 11,700 clothing, were skilled hunters
years ago) of large animals and also ate
plant foods, and occasionally
made symbolic or
ornamental objects

I.
1. A 21. B 41. B
2. B 22. D 42. A
3. B 23. D 43. B
4. A 24. D 44. B
5. B 25. D 45. A
6. B 26. A 46. A
7. B 27. C 47. A
8. B 28. D
9. B 29. C
10. B 30. A
11. C 31. B
12. C 32. A
13. A 33. A
14. A 34. A
15. B 35. A
16. B 36. D
17. B 37. B
18. A 38. D
19. C 39. A
20. C 40. A