Cswip 3.1 Question Paper

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1. Which type of submerged arc welding flux is susccptible to moisture' pick-up ?

a) neutral
b) agglomerated
c) fused
d) they are all about the same
2. A large grain size, in the HAZ of a C-Mn stecl weld joint, may have ...
a) alow ductility
b) low toughness
c) high tougincss
d) high tensile strength
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3. A STRA test is used to measure ..
a) the tensile strength of the welded joint

b) the level of residual stress in butt joints
c) the fracture toughness of the HAZ
d) the through thickness duetility of a steel plate (the "z direction)
4. The risk of hydrogen cracking is higher when MMA welding of.......

a) C-Mn steels
b) austenitic stainless steels
c) low alloy steels for elevated temp. service
d) low carbon steels for cryogenic service
5. The property of a material that has the greatest influence on welding distortion is the...
a) yield strength
b) co-efficient of thermal expansion
c) elastic modulus
d) co-efficient of electrical conductivity
6) Which of the following is a suitable shielding gas for FCAW of stainless steels ?
a) 100% Argon
b) 70% Argon + 30% He
C) Argon +5% Hydrogen
d) Argon + 20% CO2
7. The presence of iron sulphides in a weld bead may cause..

a) solidification cracking
b) hydrogen cracking
c)lamellar tearing
d)weld decay
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8. A macro section is particularly good for showing.....

a) the HAZ microstructure
b) overlap
c) the weld metal microstructure
d) all of the above
9. Which of the following procedures would be expected to produce the least distortion in 15mm straight
butt weld?
a) TIG weld single sided, multi-pass
b) MMA weld single sided, nmulti-pass
C) MMA weld double sided, multi-pass
d)SAW weld I pass per side
10. A suitable gas /gas mixture, for GMAW of aluminium is ......

a) 100% cO2
b) 100% Argon
c) 80% Argon +20% C02
d) 98% Argon +2% O
11. Which of the following is associated with SAW more often than it is with MMA wclds is ?
a) hydrogen cracking in the HAZ
b) solidification cracking in the weld metal
c) re-heat cracking during PWHT
d) lamellar tearing
12. EN ISO 5817 (Level C) specifies that thc limit for the diameter (D) of a single pore in a weld is: D <_
0.3s, but max.4mm where s = malerial thickness. For which of the following situations is the pore
acceptable ?
a) s = 20mm, measured pore diameter = 5.0mm
b) s = 15mm, measured pore diameter = 4.5mm
C) s = 10mm, measured pore diameter = 3.0mm
d) s =10mm, measured pore diameter = 3.5mm
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13. To measure arc voltage accurately it is recommended that the voltmeter should be conected .....
a) as ncar as practical to the arc
b) across the power source terminals prior to arc initiation

c) across the power source terminals during the welding operation
d) all of the above are suitable to
14. Lamellar tearing has occurred in a steel fabrication. What technique could have been used to find it
before the weld was made?
a) X-ray examination
b) liquid penetrant examination
C) ultrasonic exarnination
d) it could not have becn found by any inspection method.
15. Pre-hcating a low alloy steel prior to welding is done to minimise the risk of ...
a) porosity
b) excessive distortion
c) HAZ cracking
d) lack of fusion
16. Typical temperatures used for normalising a C-Mn steel piate are .....
a) 600 to 650oC
b) 1000 to 1100oC
c) 700 to 800oC
d) 880 to 920oC
17. For GMAW the burn-off rate of the wire is directly related to ......
a) the stick-out length
b) wire fced speed

c) the arc voltage
d) the travel speed
18. For MMA welding of a 60mm wall nozzle to a 100mm wall vessel shell, pre-heat temperature should be
checked .
a) before welding starts/re-starts
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b) on the shell and the nozzle

c) at points at least 75mm from the joint edge
d) all of the above
19. A crack running along the centreline of a weld bead could be caused by......
a) use of damp flux
b) lack of preheat
C) arc voltage being too high
d) weld bead being too deep and very narrow
20. In order to improve resistance to service failure caused by cyclic loading, it is good practice to ....
a) use low heat input welding
b) use steel with a low CEV
c) ensure there are no features that give high stress concentration
d) all of the above
21. The use of low carbon austenitic stainless steels and stabalised stainless steels will minimise the risk
of..
a) HAZ cracking
b) weld decay
c) weld metal cracking
d) distortion
22. Which type of SAW flux is susceptible to breaking down into fine particles during circulation?
a) fused
b) neutral
C) alloyed
d) agglomerated
23. The maximum hardness in the HAZ of a steel will incrcase if the ..
A) heat input is increased
b) CEV is increased
C) joint thickness is decreased
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d)all of the above
24. BS EN ISO 5817 (Level B) specifies the limit for Excess Weld Metal (h) on a butt weld as:- h < Imm
+0.1b, but max. 5mm, b = weld width. In which of the following situations is the measured Excess Weld
Metal icceptable.
a) b=10 measured excess weld metal = 2.5mm

b) b= 20 measured excess weld metal = 3.Smm
C) b=35 measured excess weld metal = 4.5mm
d) b = 45 measured excess weld metal = 5.5mm
25. A carbon mangancse steel is being welded by MMA and the clectrode run-out-lengths that have been
used are much shorter than specified by the WPS. This deviation may give ..
a) an increased risk of hydrogen cracking
b) an increased risk of solidification cracking
c) lower values of HAZ toughness
d) higher values of HAZ hardness
26. The first procedure that is prepared for a Weld Procedure Qualification test weld is a....
a) pWPS
b)WPS
c) WPQR
d) WPAR
27. Transfer of material identification by hard stamping is sometimes not allowed for high integrity
applications because..
a) it is to slow
b) it can be a safety hazard
c) it may be damaging to the material
d) all of the above
28. When welding thin plate, distortion can be minimised by ....

a) using back-step welding
b) minimising weld volume
C) using bridge tacks
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d) all of the above
29. Which of the following would be considered to be high Heat Input welding?
A) 550 J/mm
b) 55 J/mm c)
5.5 J/mm d)
5.0 kJ/mm
30. Initiation of a TIG arc by using a High Frequency spark may not be allowed because.......
a) it often causes tungsten inclusions
b) it can damage clectronic equipment
c) it is an electrical safety hazard
d) it often causes stop/start porosity
31. BS EN 288 is a specification for...

a) welder approval testing
b) welding equipment calibration
c) welding procedure approval
d) consumables for submerged arc welding
32. What determines the penetrating power of Gamma rays ?

a) time
b) type of isotope
c) source-to-film distance
d) source strength
33. Which clement has the greatest effect on the HAZ hardness ofa carbon-manganese steel?
a) Molybdenum
b) Chromium
c) Titanium
d) Carbon
34. Pre-heating a steel plate with a carbon equivalent value (CEV) of 0.48 may be required in order to.....
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a) drive out moisture from the plate

b) prevent excessive hardening in the HAZ
c) prevent the formation of carbides
d) improve the mechanical properties of the weld metal
35. A welder approval certificate should be withdrawn if .....

a) he has not done any welding for a period of 4 months
b) he has been absent from work for a period of 7 months
c) the repair rate for his welds exceeds 1%
d) all of the above
36. In friction welding, the metal at the interface when the joining occurs is described as being in the .....
a) liquid state
b) inter-critical state
c) plastic state
d) elastic state
37. A penetrameter is used to measure....

a) the size of a discontinuity in a weld joint
b) the density of a radiographic film
c) the degree of film contrast
d) the quality of the radiographic technique
38. Which of the following cutting methods is suitable for cutting stainless steel ?
a) plasma
b) oxy-acetylene
c) oxy-propane
d) all of the above
39. Which of the following would be classed as the most serious type of defect?
a) a buried linear slag inclusion
b) buried lack of inter-run fusion
c) surface breaking lack of sidewall fusion
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d) surtace porosity
40. Ultrasonic tcsting has an advantage over other NDT methods for the detection of ...
a) lack of side wall fusion
b) root undercut
c) incompletely filled groove
d) root concavity
41. Excecding the maxinum inter-pass temperature specified for a C-Mn steel weld joint, may give.....
a) excessive porosity
b) burn through
C) lower toughness
d) all of the above
42. MIG/MAG welding has a tendency to give lack of sidewall fusion when...
a) spray trans fer conditions are used
b) 100%CO2 shielding gas is used
C) pulsed current is used
d) dip transfer conditions are used f3* : i ,
43. The temperature range over which a stcel goes from having high toughness to low toughness is
called ....
a) the critical transformation temperafure
b) the ductility dip temperature
C) the bi-modal temperafure
d) the transition temperature
44. For SAW, what is the effect of raising arc voltage but keeping vith all other parameters the same ?
a) the weld bead width will increase
b) the depth of penetration will increase
c) the weld bead width will decrease
d) the depth of penetration will decrease
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45. Changing an essential variable (beyond the allowed limits) for a qualified welding procedure ....
a) may change the mechanical properties of the joint
b) may adversely affect the quality of the weld

c) will require a new welding procedure to be approved
d) all of the above
46. With reference to the various grades of stainless stecis, which of the following statements is true ?
a) they are all non-magnetic
b) they all require 100% Ar for GMAW
c) they all have very high thermal conductivity
d) only certain grades can be used for service at very low temperatures
47. Which of the following AWS A5.1 electrodes has a rutile covering......
a) E 6010
b) E 7016
C) E 7018
d) E 6013
48. Welds made with very high heat input will show a reduction in ...
a) tensile ductility
b) notch toughness
c) fatigue strength
d) mcreep resistance
49. During PWHT of a complex fabrication, it is heated to the soak temperature at a much higher rate than
specified by the procedure. This may.....
a) cause excessive oxidation
b) not allow sufficient time to relieve stresses
c) introduce excessive compressive stresses
d) cause distortion
50. When MAG welding in dip transfer mode (short-circuiting mode) spatter can be reduced by..
a) using inductance
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b) using 100% CO2

c) using Ar + 30%He
d) increasing the stick-out length
51. Repair welding of in-service plant and equipment may be more difficult than making repairs during initial
fabrication because .....
a) the material may be contaminated
b) of restricted access to repair area
c) positional welding may be needed
d) of any of the above
52. For gamma radiography of a steel weld at 4Omm thick, the recommended isotope is....
a). Thulium 170
b) Ytterbium 169
c) Iridium 192
d) Cobalt 60
53. The sensitivity of a radiograph is assesscd....

a) by using a densitometer
b) by using an image quality indicator ( IQI)
c) from the kVA used
d) from stand-off used
54. A transverse tensile test, from a Weld Procedure Approval Record (WPAR) test plate, is used to
measurc ...
a) the tensile strength of the weld
b) the tensile strength of the joint
c) the stress/strain characteristics of the weld
d) the stress/strain characteristics of the joint
55. The highest and lowest heat input positions are considered to be ..
a) PB highest; PA iowest
b) PE highest; PC lowest
c) PD highest; PB lowest
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d) PF highest; PG lowest
56. What type of covering will an electrode have that is suitable for welding 60mm C-Mn steel and can give
good weld metal toughness at-50°C '?.....
a) rutile
b) basic
c) cellulosic
d) choice will depend on the welding posítion
57. The dip transfer mode (or short-circuiting mode) of metal transfer used for MIG/MAG welding is
characterised by ...
a) giving deep penetration
b) being suitable for positional welding
c) giving low spatter
d) all of the above
58. Carbon equivalent values (CEV) are used to determine the how to avoid the risk of ...
a) hydrogen cracking
b) lamellar tearing
c) solidification cracking
d) weld decay
59. When 2 different material types are welded togcther, the joint is referred to as ...
a) a composile joint
b) a transition joint
c) an autogenous weld
d) all of the above
60. Which mechanical test can be used to mensire the toughness of weld metal, HAZ and parent material ?
a) macro
b) nick break
c) hardness
d) Charpy impact
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61. Which is the best destructive test for showing lack of side-wall fusion in a 25mm thick but weid ?
a) nick break
b) side bend
c) Charpy impact
d) a face bend test
62. The principie purpose of a welder qualification test is ....

a) to test the skill of the welder
b) to assess the weldability of the materials
c) to decide which NDT methods to use
d) to give the welder practice before doing production welding
63. A fabrication procedure calls for the toes of all welds to be "blended in" by grinding. The most likely
reason for doing this is to ....
a) make the weld suitable for liquid (dye) penetrant inspection
b) improve the fatigue life
c) reduce residual stresses

d) improve the general appearance of the welds
64. For full penetration single-sided butt joints, root bead penetration and profile are mainly influenced
by ......
a) root face
b) bevel angle
c) root gap
d) included angle
65. Undercut may need to be assessed according to ...

a) depth
b) length
c) sharpness/profile/blend
d) all of the above
66. When visually inspecting the root bead ofa single-vee-butt weld it should be checked for.....
a) lack of root penetration
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b) HAZ hardness
c) Ctungsten inclusions
d) all of the above
67. The strength of a fillet weld is determined by....

a) leg length
b) weld profile
c) weld width
d) throat thickness
68. The European Standard for NDE of Fusion Welds by Visual, Examination is ..
a) EN 288
b) EN 499
c) EN 287
d) EN 970
69. Visual inspection of a fabricated item, for a high integrity application, should cover inspection activities..
a) before, during and after welding
b) before welding only
c) after welding only
d) during welding and after welding only
70. Incomplete root penctration in a single-vee-butt joint may be caused by ..

a) an excessive root face
b) an excessive root gap
c) the current setting being too low d) both A and C
71. Incomplete root fusion in a single-vee butt weld may be caused by....
a) linear misalignment
b) the root gap being too large

c) root faces being too small
d) all of the above

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72. When visually inspecting the face of a finished weld it should be assessed for ....
a) maximum excess weld metal height
b) toe blend
c) inter-run blend
d) all of the above
73. A burn-through may occur if ....

a) the current is too low
b) the root face is too large
c) the root gap is too large
d) all of the above
74. A Code of Practice is ....

a) a standard for workmanship quality only
b) a set of rules for manufacturing a specific product
c) a specification for the finished product
d) all of the above
75. A solid inclusion in a weld may be ..

a) entrapped slag
b) entrapped gas
c) lack of inter-run fusion
d) all of the above
76. Which of the following is a planar imperfection?

a) a lack of sidewall fiusion
b) a slag inclusion
c) lincar porosity
d) root concavity
77. For fillet welds, it is normal practice in the UK & USA to measure......
a) throat thicknesses
b) leg lengths
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c) penetration depths
d) both A & C
78. In a bend test, when the face of the specimen is in tension and root is in compression, the test is
called...
a) root bend
b) a side bend
c) a face bend
d) a longitudinal bend
79. Heavy porosity on the surface of some MMA welds made on a construction site is most likely to be
caused by....
a) use of the wrong class of electrodes
b) the use of excessive current
c) moisture pick-up in the electrode covering
d) a bad batch of electrodes
80. Slag inclusions may be present in ..

a) manual metal are welds
b) metal inert gas welds
C) submerged arc welds
d) both A and C
81. The main cause of undercut is.....

a) excessive amps
b) excessive volts
c) excessive travel speed
d) all of the above
82. Which group of welders is most likely to require continuous monitoring by a welding inspector?
a) concrete shuttering welders
b) overland pipeline welders
c) tack welders
d) maintenance welders
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83. Which of the following fillet welds is the strongest (assuming they are made using the same material,
and WPS)?
a) 8 mm actual throat
b) 7 mm leg + 2 mm excess weld metal
c) mitre fillet with 10mm leg
d) concave filet with 1 Imm leg
84. A typical included angle for MMA welding of a full penetration pipe butt joint is...
a) 35
b) 70°
c) 90°
d) dependent on the pipe diameter
85. A fillet weld has an actual throat thickness of 8mm and a leg length of 7mm. What is the excess weld
metal ?
a) 2.1mm
b)1.8mm
C) 3.1mm
d) 1.4mm
86. The fusion boundary of a fillet weld is..

a) the boundary between the weld metal and HAZ
b) the boundary between individual weld runs
c) the depth of root penetration
d) the boundary between the HAZ and parent material
87. If a Welding Inspector detects a type of imperfection not allowed by the Application Standard he must
always....
a) request further NDE
b) reject the weld
c) prepare a concession request
d) only reject the weld if he considers it to be harmful
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88. BS EN 970 allows the use of a magnifying glass for visual inspection but recommends that the
magnification is ....
a) x2
b) x2 to x5
c) xS to x10
d) not greater than x20
89. The majority of welder qualification tests are carried out using an unbacked joint. This is because .....
a) it is quicker, and cheaper, if back-gouging is not required
b) if the welding process is not TIG, back purging is not required
c) all welder qualification tests are done on small diameter pipe
d) it requires more skill and increases the welder's qualification range
90. Deflection of the arc, due to residual magnetism in the base material, can make it difficuit to control the
quality of the weld. This problem is commonly known as......
a) arc initiation
b) arc misalignment
c) arc blow
d) arc constriction
91. Which of the following electrodes is classified to BS EN 499?

a) E 38 3 R
b) E 6013
c) E 7018- G
d) E 51 33 B
92. Which type of electrode is used for vertical-down welding ('stove-pipe' welding) of pipeline girth welds ?
a) rulilc
b) cellulosic
c) high recovery rutile
d) all of the above
93. The three main types of MMA electrodes that are used for welding C & C-Mn steels are ....
a) basic, cellulosic and rutile
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b) neutral, cellulosic and rutile

c) basic, cellulosic and neutral
d) rutile, low bydrogen and basic
94. A WPS may specify a maximum width for individual weld beads (the 'weave' width) when welding C-Mn
steels. If the bead width is exceeded it may cause...
a) lack of inter-run fusion
b) the HAZ impact toughness to be reduced
c) lack of sidewall fusion
d) the HAZ hardness to be higher
95. MMA electrodes, with the flux covering removed, should not be used as filler rods for TIG welding
because....
a) welding costs will be much higher
b) the rod diameter will be too large
c) the weld metal compositión may be wrong
d) the rods will be-too short
96. For TIG welding, what benefit does a current slope-out device have ?
a) it reduces Tungsten spatter
b) it reduces the risk of crater cracking
c) it reduces the risk of arc strikes
d) it reduces the interpass temperature
97. Which type of power source characteristic is nomally used for manual welding?
a) constant voltage
b) flat characteristic
c) constant current
d) a motor generator
98. When arc welding is being used, which parameter has the greatest effect on penetration ?
a) arc voltage
b) welding speed
c) current
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d) all of the above
99. Pipe bores of some materials must be purged with Argon before & during TIG welding This is done in
order to....
a) prevent root concavity
b) prevent burn-through
c) prevent oxidation of the root bead

d) prevent moisture pick-up in the root bead
100. The chemical composition of weld metal deposited by a C-Mn steel MMA electrode is controiled
mainly by ..
a) the core wire composition
b) the transfer of alloying additions from the flux covering
c) the transfer of iron powder from the flux covering
d) dilution from the base material
101.what does the number 141 referto on this drawingsymbol?

A). the number of the WPS
B). the welding process
C). the number of the NDE procedure
D). the acceptance standard
102. Silicon is added to steel, and the covering of MMA electrodes, for the purpose of.....
a) de-oxidation
b) improving strength
c) improving toughness
d) giving better resistance to hydrogen cracking
103. When a fusible insert is for TIG welding it can be very beneficial because ......
a) it eliminates porosity
b) it gives controlled root penetration
c) it avoids the need for back purging
d) all of the above
104. According to AWS 2.4 a weld symbol for the 'other side is placed ....
a) above the dashed line
b) below the dashed line

c) above the solid line
d) below the solid line

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105. What type of covering do low hydrogen electrodes have ?

a) cellulosic
b) rutile
c) acid
d) basic
106. A hydrogen controlled MMA electrode can always be recognised by the ....
a) EN code letter or AWS code number stamped on the covering
b) thickness of the electrode covering
c) Trade Name
d) colour of the flux covering
107. Which of the following units is used to express Heat Input ?

a) Joules
b) N/mm2
c) J/mm2
d) kJ/mm
108. Which type of low alloy steel would be used for pipework operating at temperatures above 500°C ?
a) 9% Nickel
b) Carbon + 1.5%Manganese
c) 9% Chromium + 1%% Molybdenum
d) 9% Niobium + 1% Vanadium
109. Nick break and fillet fracture tests are used for ...
a) assessing weld quality
b) assessing weld metal ductlity
c) assessingweld mnetal toughnes
d) all of the above
110. Which of the following steels is non-magnetic?

a) 18%Cr+8% Ni
b) 2.25%Cr + 1%Mo
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c) 9%Cr + 1%Mo
d) 9%Ni
111. Excessive spattcr during MMA welding is most likely to be caused by.....
a) excessive current
b) incorrect baking and storage of electrodes

c) a bad batch of electrodes
d) all of the above
112. A qualified Welding Procedure Specification is used to .....

a) give instruction to the welder
b) give information to the welding inspector
c) give confidence that finished welds will have the specified properties
d) all of the above
113. An arc strike (stray arc) on a steel component is usually an unacceptable imperfection because.....
a) it may cause 'contamination by copper
b) it may cause hard spots
c) it may give cracking
d) of both B &C
114. In a transverse tensile test, a brittle fracture would be indicated if ...

a) there is a large reduction in cross-sectional area at the position of fracture
b) the fracturc surfacc is flat but has a rough surface
c) fracture occurred in the centre of the weld

d) fracture Occurs in the HAZ
115. The'compulsory' part of the coding system used for electrodes manufactured to EN 499 must
include....
a) the covering type and positional capability
b) the covering type and preferred polarity
c) the covering type and minimum strength
d) the covering type and maximum hardness
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116. The electrode polarity that is usually used for TIG welding of steel is ..
a) DC negative
b) DC positive
c) AC
d) any polarity can be used
117. A typical temperature range for baking low hydrogen electrodes is.....
a) 150 to 200°C
b) 200 to 250°C
c) 300 to 350°C
d) 450 to 500°C
118. If welding travel speed is doubled, but the current and voltage remain the same, the heat input will ..
a) be reduced by 50%
b) be increased by a factor of two

c) be about the same
d) be reduced by approximately 25%
119. Which of the following butt-weld preparations is usually the mosi susceptible. to lack of sidewall fusion
during the manual metal arc process?
a) A double-U butt
b) Asingle-V butt.,
c) A double-V butt.
d) It is not normally a defect associated with the MMA welding procėss.
120. What is the leg length of a fillet weld?

a) The distance from the toe to face.
b) The distance from the root to face centre.
c) The distance from the root to the toe.
d) The distance from toe to toe.
121. What is the throat thickness of a fillet weld (equal leg lenghs)?
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a) The distance from the toe to the face.

b) The distance from the root to the face centre.
122. Lap joints contain:

a) Filiet welds.
b) Corner joints.
c) But-welds.
d) Single-bevel butts.
123. A duty not normally undertaken by a welding inspector is to:
a) Check the condition of the parent material.

b) Check the condition of the consumables.
c) Measure residual stress.
d) Check calibration certificates.
124. Under most conditions, which of the following welding þositions will deposit the most weld metal.
a) Vertical down.
b) Overhead.
c) Horizontal-vertical.
d) Flat (down hand)
125. What meant by the term crater pipe:

a) Another term for concave root
b) Anotherterm given for a burn through.
c) A type of gas pore, found in the weld crater.
d) A shrinkage defect, found in the weld crater.
126. What is meant by the term weld junction?

a) The area containing the HAZ and the weld metal
b) The weld metal and parent meta.
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c) The boundary between the fusion zone and the HAZ.

d) The part of the weld, which has undergone metallu'gical changes due to ihe heat from weiding.
127. The strength of a fillet weld is primary controlled by:

a)Leg length.
b) Throat thickness.
c) Weld thickness.
d) All of the above.
128. A Crater crack may also be termed:

a) Cold crack.
b) Tearing.
c) Fatigue crack
d) Star crack.
129. Which of the following welding processes/technique is likely to be used for the repair welding of
localised porosity in a butt weld?
a) MMA, PG position.
b) Mechanised MAG.
c) Submerged arc.

e) None of the above.
130. Which of the föllowing welds would be considered in a situation where two plates are to be joined that
overlap.(assume no external assess).
a) A fillet weld.
b) A single-bevel butt weld.
c) A plug weld.
d) A single-U butt weld.
131. In the MMA welding process, which of the following is most likely to be caused by a welder with a
poor technique?
a) Deep weld craters/crater cracks.
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b) Copper inclusions
c) Hydrogen cracks
d) Ali of the above.
132. Root concavity is caused by:

a) Excessive back purge pressure and entrapped gas.
b) Excessive back purge presSure and very high heat inputs.
c)Excessive root grinding and a stow travel speed.
d) Excessive root grinding and excessive back purge pressure.
133. When inspecting a criticąl component, the toes of a weld must be:
a) Always ground flush.
b) Must always overlap at least 1.5 mm onto the parent matęrial.
c) Must always be inspected using a crack detection method (MPI, DPI).
d) None of the above can be selected-specification requirements unknown.
134. When carrying out visual inspection, the specification tnakes no mention of the requirements for
visual inspection, in,this situation what should you do?
a) Cary out normal visual inspection.
b) Seek advice from higher authority.
c) Carry out no visual inspection.
d) Re-write the requirements of the specification.
135. Under most circumstances, which of the foliowing do you consider to be duties of a welding inspector?
a) The supervision of welders.
b) Procedure writing.
c) Qualifying welders
136. Which of the following is most likely to cause a burn through
a. Root gap too small.
b, Travel speed too fast.
C. Root face too small
d. All of the above.
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137. In an arc welding process, which of the following is the correct term used for the amount of weld metal
deposited per minute? a
a) Filling rate.
b) Depositio rate.
c) Weld deposition.
d) Weld duty cycle.
138. What is the term given for the area of a welded joint just outside the weld metal that has undergone
microstructural changes?
a) Heat affected zone.
b) The weld zone
c) Fusion zone.
d) All of the above terms may be used.
139. When carrying out visual inspection, which defect (s) is likely to be missed?
a) Linear misalignment.
b) Cap undercut.
c) Porosity.
d) Lack of fusion (inter run).
140. Cold lapping is another term for:

a) Lack of fusion at the toe of a weld.
b) Lack of fusion between weld metal and weld metal.
c) Undercut at the toe of a weld.
d) Both a and b.
141. Incomplete root penetration is most likely due to:

a) Welding speed too slow.
b) Welding current too high.
c) Root gap too small.
d) Electrode diameter too small.
142. Crater cracks are caused mainly by:

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a) Excessively fast welding speeds

b) Improper electrode angle
c) Hot shrinkage.
d) Improper joint design.
143. On a single-V butt weld, the distance through the centre of the weld from root to face is called:
a) Reinforcement.
b) Penetration.
c) Throat thickness.
d) None of the above.
144. The throat thickness of a 3%4 inch fillet weid is?

a) 27.5 mm
b) 24 mm.
c) 13.5 mm.
d) 12.5 mm.
145. The need for pre-heat for steel will increase if:
a) the material thickness reduces.
b) Faster welding speeds
c) The use of a larger welding electrode
146. Which of the following butt weld preparations is most likely to be considered for the welding of a 6mm
thick plate?
a) Double-V but.
b) Asymmetrical double-V butt.
c) Single-U butt.
d) Single-V but.
147. A welding inspectors main attributes include:

a) Knowledge.
b) Honesty and integrity.
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c) Good communicator.
148. A code of practice for visual inşpection should cover:

a) Before, during and after welding.
b) Before welding activities'only.
c) After welding activities only.
149. Which of the fotlowing processes joins metals plasticali:

a) Friction welding
b) Resistance welding
c) Arc welding
d) Plasma welding.
e) All of the above.
150. What type of power sourçe characteristic is required for a manual process?
a)Constant voltage. b)Flat
characteristic. c)Drooping
characteristic. d)None of
the above
151. Which of the following electrodes and current types may be used for the TIG welding of nickel and its
alloys?
a)Cerium electrode, DC-ve.
b)Zirconiurm electrode, AC.
c)Thorium electfode, DC +ve.
d)All of the above may be used.
152. What are the possible results of having a heat input to low:?
a) An increase in hardness, lower yieid strength and lack of fusion.
b) A reduction in toughness, hydrogen entrapment and an increase in
hardness.
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c) Entrapped hydrogen, an increase in hardness ind lack of iusion

d) Enirapped hydrogen, a reduction in carbon conte: and lack of fusion
153. Defects oütside the permissible limits of the applicabie specificalion should be: 1
a) The decision is up to the welding inspeçtor.
b) Repaired.
c) Always double checked using NDT
154. Electrodes used in mahual metal arc welding can be grouped into three main types, these are:
a) Oxidising, basic and rutile.
b) Cellulose, basic and acidic.
c) Granular, rutile and basic.
d) Rutle, basic and cellulose.
155. Movement of the arc by magnetic forces in an arc welding process is termed:
a) Arc deviation.
b) Arc misalignment.
c) Arc blow.
d) Stray arC.
156. A crack type most associated with the submerged a'c we!ing process is
a) Hydrogen cracking in the HAZ.
b) Solidification cracking.
c) Lamellar tearing.
d) Fatigue cracking.
157) The main reason for using a back purge when welding 18-8 stainless steel with the TIG welding
process is to:
a) Improve positional welding.
b) Prevent the possibility of porosity.
c) Prevent excessive root penetration
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d) Prevent the formation of a dense oxide layer forning in the root.
158. The possible effects of having a travel speed too fast:

a) Low toughness, slag inclusions and cap undercut.
b) High.hardness, slag inclusions and a narrow thin weld besd.
c) High hardness, excessive deposition and cold laps
d) Low toughness, poor fusion and slag inclusions.
159. If arc blow exisis when welding with the MMA welding process, this can be bestreduced or eliminated
by:
a) A change from AC to DC current.
b) A change from DC to AC current.
c) A change from DC +ve to DC -ve.
d) A change from DC -ve to DC tve.
160. When welding a double-V butt weld with the submerged arc welding procesS the presence of centre
line porosity may be due to:
a) Damp flux.
b) Contamination on the weld preparations.
c) incorrect flux depth
161. The inclusion of an inductance in the welding circuit whe using MIG/MAG welding process is to:
a) Control the rate of spatler in the dip transíer moc
b) It enables the welder to weld in position with the s:ray transfer mode.
c) It allows for thicker filler wires to be used (2.6-3.6~n1 diameter).
d) It allows full control over droplet size in the spray ansfer mode.
162. An undesirable property of aluminium oxide residue, wheh welding is that it:
a) Decrease weld pool fluidity.
b) Requires more heat to melt it when compared to aiuminium.
c) Causes the weider to travel to quickly.
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d) The presence of the oxide makes aluminiumimpcssible to weld.
163. Which of the following welding process is most likély to be, used for the
welding of a small diameter stainless steel pipe, 6mm-wall thickness?
a) GTAW
b) SMAW
c) Submerged arc welding.
d) GMAW
164. When considering the tungsten arc welding process wha the purpose of the down-slope (slope-out)
control?
a) Ensure good penetration.
b) To prevent arc striking on the parent materia
c) To help prevent the formalion oí crater aipe and possible cacking.
d) To help prevent tungsten inclusions during welding
165. When considering thermal cutting loca! hardening can te reduced by:
a) Increasing the cutting speed.
b) The use of propane as a fuel gas.
c) Pre heating the material to be cui.
166. In a semi-automatic welding procęss, which of the folloving shielding gas/gas

mixtures would normally give the deepest pénetralion or steel?_
a) 100% argon.
b) 100% CO2.
c) 75% argon +25% CO2.
d) All of the above would give the same-depth in peretration.
167. In a MMA welding process, which of the following statements are false?
a) An arc gap, which remains almost constant even if as usual the welder varies the position-of the
electrode.
b) A voltage, which remains almost constant eveni ií as usual the welder, varies the arc gap.
c) A current, which remains almost constant even if as usual the welder, varies the arc gap.
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d) A and b.
168. Which of the following welding process, after the weld is completed normally
requires a post weld heat treatment to resiore toughness alues
a) ESW.
b)) MMA.
c) MAG.
d)Al: Compleled welds rec:ire a pos: heat lreainmen Fgarciess oi welding process.
169. Which of the following current types would you expect to be used for the welding of aluminium with the
TIG welding process?
a) DC-ve.
b) DC +ve.
c) AC
170. Which of the following statements is false?

a) In the MMA welding process electrode DC + produces a deep narrow weld pool, which is fast freezing.
b) DC electrode positive is used for the MAG welding of' steel plate.
c) The word calcium carbonate means limestone
d) All of the above
171. When considering hydrogen, which of the following welding process would" produce the lowest lėvels
in the completed weld (under controlled conditions)
a) MMA.
b) SAW.
c) TIG.
d) FCAW.
172. Pre heat prior to the welding of a carbon steel butt weld:
a) Must always be carried out.
b) Is always carried out using a gas flame
c) Need not be carried out if post weld heat treatme": s to allow
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173. In steel the element with the greatest effect on hardness IS:
a) Chromium.
b) Manganese.
c) carbon.
d) Nickel.
174. For a given voltage and current settings on a MMA welding plant, when thee arc length is shortened,
which of. the following will be mcsl affected.
a) The current will increase.
b) The current will decrease.
c) The voltage will decrease.
d) The voltage will increase.
175. Which of the following best describes a semi-automatic welding process?

a) The welder is responsible for the maintaining the ard gap añd travel, speed.
b) The welder is responsible for travel speed only; arc gap is kept constant by the welding plarnt.
c) Both travel speed and arc gap is controlled by the velding plant
176. What is purpose of a rectifier in a welding sels electricalrcuit?

a) To keep the arc stable when using low current setings
b) To convert AC current to DC current.
c) To convert DC current to AC current.
d) To initiate the arc at start up.
177. When calibrating a mechanised MAG welding plant, :hich of the following applies (WFS = Wire feed
speed)?
a) Check - WFS, current, volts and wire diameter
b) Check - WFS, joint set-up, gas flow rate and .S.
c) Check Gas flow fate, stick out length, WFS and current. x
d) All of the above. *
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178. The main usage of the arc air process is:

a) The, cutting. of a weld preparation.
b) The removal of defective welds.
c) For the cutting of non-ferrous materials only.
d) For the cutting of ferrous matérials only.
179. The likelihood of a brittle fracture in steeis will increase with:

a) The formation of a fine grain structure.
b) A reduction, in-service temperature to sub-zero conditions
c) A slow cooling rate.
180. Hydrogen cracking in a weld zone is most likely to occur when welding:
a) Carbon manganese steels.
b) Austenitic staihless steel.
c) Micro alloyed steel (HSLA).
d) Low carbon steel.
181. Preheating for arc welding applies to:

a) Assembly and tack welding only.
b) Joint over 25 mm thick only.
c) Assembly welding only.

d) When using the MMA welding process only.
e) Both a and b.
182. Which of the following destructive tests would indica: the toughnass value ot the weld metalparent
metal and HAZ?
a) Macro.
b) Nick break.
c) Tensile
d)Charpy Vee notch.
183.What constituent is needed in a coating of an electrode to prevent the formation of porosity when
welding rimming steel?
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a) Iron powder.
b) Potassium silicate.
c) Silicon
d) Calcium carbonate.
184. Welds made with high heat inputs show a reductior in one of the following properties?
a) Ductility.
b) Toughness.
c) Elongation.
d) Penetration.
185. Which of the following steel types would give rise to the formation of porosity when autogenously
welded with an arc welding process
a) Fully killed steel.
b) Semi kiled steel,
c) Rimming steel.
d) Balanced steel.
186. Which of the following elements, which may be added to steel, has the greatest affect on creep
strength.
a) Tungsten.
b) Manganese.
c) Carbon.
d) Molybdenum
187. The HAZ associated with a fusion weld:

a) Can not be avoided.
b) Usually has the highest tensile strength.
c) Is usually martensitic.
d) Both a and b.
188. What four criteria are necessary to produce hydrogen.induced cold cracking?
a) Hydrogen, moisture, martensitic grain structure and heat
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b) Hydrogen, poor weld profiles, temperatures ahove 200°C and a slow cooling rate.
c) Hydrogen, a grain structure susceptible to cracking, stress and a temperature below 200°C.
d) Hydrogen, existing. weld defects, stress and a grain structure susceptible to cracking.
189. A carbon equivalent (CE) of 0.5%:

a) Is high for carbon manganese steel and may réquire a preheat over 100°C
b) Is generaly significant for carbon for manganese steels and is certainly not to be taken into consideration
for preheat temperatures.
c) is high for carbon manganese steels and may require a preheat temperature over 300°C as to avoid
cracking
d) Is catculated from the heat input formula.
190. In a martensitic grain structure what would you expect to increase?

a) Ductility.
b) Hardness.
c) Toughness
191. What do you understand by the term minimum interpass temperature?

a) Minimum post weld heat treatment applied to a weld.
b) Minimum stress relieí temperature.
c) The lowest temperature to be used during preheat.

d) The lowest temperature allowed during welding and between weld passes.
192. Which of the following heat treatments on steel cools down in air from the austenite region?.
a) Normalising.
b) Annealing.
c) Tempering.
d) Stress relieving.
193. What is the purpose of microscopic examination of a weld?

a) To determine the number and type of defects present.
b) To determine the grain size.
c) To determine the strength of the weld.

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d) Both a and b.
194. Which of the following units could a tensile specimen be measured in?
a) Pounds per square inch.
b) Newton per square inches.
c) Joules.
d) Both a and b.
195. Assuming that the welding process, material thickness, carbon equivalent and the welding parameters
to be the same, which of the following joint types would normally require the highest preheat temperature.
a) Edge joint.
b) Lap joint.
c) Butt joint (single-V).

d) Tee joint (illet welded)
196. Austenitic stainless steéls are more susceptible to distortion when compared to ferritic steels this is
because:
a) High coefficient, low thermal conductivity.
b) High coefficient, high thermal çonductivity.
c) Low coefficient, high thermal conductivity.
d) Low coefficient, low thermal conductivity, d.
197. Which of the following will most likely tequire the preheat temperature to be increased?
a) An Increase in travel speed.
b) A reduction in material thickhess
c) An increase in electrode diameterd) None of the'above
198. Which of the fotlowing properties may be applicable to a carbon steel weld (CE 0.48) welded without
preheat?
a) Narrow heat affected zone and hardness value in excess of 400 HV.
b) Broad heat affected zone and hardness values in excess of 400 HV.
c) A very tough and narrow heat affected zone.
d) Narrow heat affected zone and lo: hardness alues
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199. Which of the following materials is considered to be the easiest to weld?

a) Mild steel.
b) Medium carbon steels.
c) Martensitic stainiess steel
d) Forging steel.
200. Which of the following NDT methods would be best suited for the detection of surface breaking defects
on an austenitic stainless steel pipe
a) MP.
b) UT.
c) DPI.
d) All of the above can be used.
201. Which of the following butt weld preparations would be considered for a mechanised welding process
a) Single-V butt, root gap 2.5 mm (welded from on side only).
b) Double-V but-welded both sides, ròot gap 2.0-mm.

c) Single-U butt with backing.
d) None of the above can be used for mechanised welding.
202. Which is the correct heat input for the following parameters, amps 350, volts 32 and the travel speed
310 mm/minute (MMA welcing process)?
a) 2.16 kJ/mm.
b) 0.036 kJ/mm.
c) kJ/mm.
d) 3.6 kJ/mm.
203. Assuming that the applicable specification makes no mention of arc strikes hat would you expect to do
as a welding inspector if arc strikes were found
on a component made of a high tensile strength material
a) Have the welder re-qualified.
b) lnore them.
c) Have the area checked for possible cracking.
d) Cut out the entire weld where the arc strikes exist.
147
204. A multi-pass MMA butt weld made on carbon steel consists of 5 passes
deposited using a 6mm diameter electrode. A 12-pass weld made on the same joint deposited using a
4mm diameter electrode on the same material wil have:
a) A lower heat inpút and a higher degree of grain refinement
b) A lower heat input and a coarse grain structure.
c) A lower amount of distortion and a higher degree of grain refinement.

d) A higher amount óf distortion and a lower degree of grain refinement.
205. What is the purpose of a tensile test?

a) To measure ultimate tensile. strength.
b) To measure the elongátion of a material
c) To measure the yield strength of a material
d) Al of the above.
206. Which of the following mechanical tests can be Used to give a quantitative measurement of weld zone
ductility?
a) Tensile test.
b) Bend test.
c) Charpy V notch test.
207. Which of the following are reasons for applying preheat?

a) The removal of residual stress.
b) To aid slow cooling and reduce the carbon content.
c) To reduce the chance of a brittle grain structure and to reduce the chance of hydrogen entrapment.
d) Increase the ultimate tensile strength values and increase overall weldability.
208. Which of the following are true with regards to a charpy test.
a) It's a static test used to determine a materials notch toughness in the. weld region.
b) It's a dynamic test üsed to determine a materials notch toughness in the weld region.
c) It's a destructive test to give a measurement of through thickness ductility.
148
209. Degreasing components are essential for quality welding but when welded some agent may:
a) Cause corrosion problems.
b) Leave residues
c) Give off toxic gases.
210. Cellulose electrodes are often used for the deposition of a root pass on pipes welded in the field. This
is because?
a) Hydrogencontrol is required.
b) The high deposition rate due to the iron powder content..
c) The hydrogen gas produced in the flux increases the arc voltage.
211. In the welding of austenitic stainless steels, the electrode and plate materials are often specified to be
low carbon content. The reason for this:
a) To prevent the formation of cracks in the HAZ.
b) To prevent the formation of chromium carbides
c) To prevent cracking in the weldd) Minimise distortion.
212. With regards to a welding procedure, an essential variable may:
a) Change the properties of the weld.
b) In fluence the visual acceptance.
c) Require re-approval of a weld procedure.
d) Al of the above
213. Which of the following NDT methods can only detect surface breaking defects?
a) MP
b) DRI.
c) UT
d) RT
e) Both a and b.
214. Which of the following defects would shiow up as light indications on a radiograph?
a) Slag inclusions and copper inclusion.
b) Tungsten inclusions and excessive root pernetra?ion.,
149
c) Cap undercut and root piping.

d) Extessive cap height and incomplete root penetration
215. Which of the following electrodes is the most likely to contain the largest quantity of combustible
organic compounds?
a) Basic.
b) Acidic.
c) Rutile.
d) cellulose.
216. Lamellar tearing is best prevented by:

a) The use of plate materials containing low levels of impurities.
b) The use of buttering runs.
c) Post weld stress relief.
d) Both a and b.
217.When considering radiography using X-ray, which of the following techniques is most likeiy to be used
for a pipe to pipe weld (circumferential seam), 610mm diameter with no internal access?
a) SWSI.
b) DWSI.
c) DWDI G.
d) SWSl-panoramic.
218. A balanced welding technique for example back step weiding is most often used for:
a) Controlling lamellar tearing.
b) Increasing weld toughness.
c) Reducing weld zone hardness.
d) Reducing distortion.
219. Basic coated electrodes have which of the ifollowing properties.

a) High mechanical properties may be used to produce welds of high deposition rates and to produce welds
of low hydrogen content.
b) Friable slag, high mechanical strength, and to produce welds of a low hydrogen content.
150
c) Low hydrogen content welds, good stop/start properties and high strength.
d) Low carbon content welds. friable slag and high strength.
220. On a radiograph, the most likely appearance of lack of root fusion on a single- V butt weld is:
a) A dark straight line with a light root.
b) A dark root with straight edges.
c) A dark uneven line following the edge of the root
d) None of the above.lack of root fusion can not be seen on a radiograph.
221. What do you understand by the term minimum interpass temperature?

a) Minimum post weld heat treatment applied to a weld.
b) Minimum stress relief temperature.
c) The lowest temperature to be used during preheat.
d) The lowest temperature allowed during welding and between weld passes.
222. Which of the following is applicable to a plate lamination

a) They are best detected by radiography.
b) They are mainly caused by hydrogen entrapment.

c) They originate in the parent material.
d) They are caused when welding stresses'act parallel with the rolled direction of the parent plate.
223. Which of the following NDT methods would be the least effective on an austenitic stainless steel butt
weld.
a) UT
b) RT
c) DPI
d)MPI.V
224. The hardest part of a multi-pass welded joint, assuming no post weld heat treatment has have taken
place is:
a) The HAZ of the cap.
b) The HAZ of the root.
c) The root.
d) The cap.
151
225. Is it permissible to allow a single pass butt weld to cool down between weld passes?
a) It should be up to the welding inspector.
b) No the weld must be kept hot at all times.
c) It depends on the'welder
d) It depends on-the specification requirements.
226. The usual method of assessing the sensitivity and density of a radiographis by means of.
a) Densitometer and dosimeter.
b) Penetrameter and a densitometer

c) IQl and a dosimeter
d) IQ and a fluxmeter.
227. In the submerged arc welding process, the use of excessive high voltages would result in?
a) Insufficieht flux melting.
b) Excessive flux melking
c) Slag removal difficulties:
d) Excessive spatter
228. Welding a steel plate with a CE of 0.45 would require preheating to?.
a) Prevent the formation of sulphides.
b) Prevent hardening in the HAZ.

c) Prevent the formation of carbides.
d) To reduce the amount of current required.
229. Which of the following welding process uses a resistive heating system to achieve weld metal
deposition?
a) MMA
b) Resistant spot welding.
c) Electro-slag.
d) Friction welding.
230. What does the 70 represent on an E70 10 AWS A5.1 classified electrode?
152
a) 70 N/mm2 minimum UTS.

b) 70 joules minimum impact strength.
c) 70,000 p.s.i. Minimum yield strength.
d) 70,000 psi minimum UTS.
231. Basic electrode provided in a standard packaging:

a) Should be baked as to manufactures recommendations prior to use.
b) The baking conditions depend upon the welder.
c) Are recommended for use where porosity free welds are required.
d) Are only stuitable for welding in the flat, vertical, and down hand positions.
232. Cellulose electrodes have which of the following properties?

a) Viscous slag, jarge volumes of shielding gas and UTS values above 90,000 psi.
b) Large volumes of shielding gas, high spatter contents and hydrogen levels < 15 ml per 100g of weld
metal deposited
C) Large volumes of shieiding gas, hydrogen contents > 15 ml per 100g of weld metal deposited and
should be never baked.
d) High spatter contents, high deposition and arge volumes of gas shield.
233. From the following electrode coding E50 4 B 160 20 H5, the compulsory part is:
a) E50 3 B 160 20 H5.
b) 160 20 H5.
c) E50 4 B.
234. Which of the following is applicable to electrode efficiency?

a) The mass of metal deposited as a percentage of the mass of core wire melted.
b) Iron powder electrodes have efficiencies above 100%.
c) Electrodes of high efficiencies tend to produce welds of a smooth flat profile.
d) Both a and b.
235. A Fatigue cracks fracture surface.is:

a) Rough randomly torn.
153
b) Smooth.
c) Step like appearance.
d) Bright crystalline.
236. E6014 electrode would most probably used for welding:

a) Low pressure pipework.
b) High-pressure pipework.
c) Vertical down welding on storage tanks.
d) In a situation where low hydrogen welds are specified.
237. Which element in steel if present in significant amounts may lead to hot shortness?
a) Phosphorus.
b)Manganese.
c) Silicon.
d) Sulphur.
238. When "hydrogen control" is specified for a manual mesl arc'welding project.the electrode would
normally be
a) Cellulosic?
b) Iron oxide?
c) Acid ?
d) Basic?
239. You would with cetainty recognise. a hydrogen controlled filux covered electrode from its:
a) Colour ?
b) Length ?
c) Trade Name ?
d) AWS/BS639 Code Letter?
240.When manual metal arc welding is being carried out cn an open construction site, which group of
welders are the most likely or rquire continuous monitoing ?
a) Concrete shutering welding teams ?
b) Pipe welding team ?
c) Plater welders ?
154
d) Plant-maiAteAance-welders?
241. You notice manuzi metai arc electrodes, stripped oi :JX, are being used as filier wire, for TIG welcing.
You would object because:
a) It is too expensive ?
b) The wire would be too thick ?
c) The weld metal composition may be wrong ?
d) The wire is too short ?
242. When open site werking, serious porosity in metal arc welds is brougnt to your attention. What would
you investigate ?
a) Electrode ype ?
b) Power plani type ?
c) Electrode storage ?
d) Day temperature ?
243. The steel composition in a structural contract is changed from 0.15% carbon, 0.6% manganese, to
0.2% carbon, 1.2% manganese. Might this influence the incidence of:
a) Porosity ?
b) Cracking in the weld area?
c) Undercut for fillet welds ?
d) Lack of root fusion defects ?
244. One of the following alloys is non-magneiic.which ?

a) 4.0% Chrormium molybdenun
b) 12.0% Chroium
c) Austenitic Stainless Steel

d) 9.0% Nickel Steel
245. When TIG welding Austenitic stainless steel pipe. Argon gas backing is called for.
This is to :
a) Prevent oxidation?
b) Prevent underbead ciacking ?
c) Prevent porosity?
155
d) Control the penetration bead shape ?
246. Pre-heating a Carbon steel manual metal arc welding is carried outto minimise the risk of :
a) Scattered porosity?
b) Worm hole porosity ?
c) Parent metal cracking ?
d) Lack of penetration ?
247. In UK practice, BS499 Part 2 specifies that the drawing dimension quoted for a fillet weld is the.
a) Leg lengih ?
b) Actual throat thickness ?

c) Weld width ?
248. For open site manual metal welding the following ecuigment is available. Which would you choose ior
saie working ?
a) Single opera:or transiormer ?
b) Muli opera:cr irensiormers ?
c) AC/DC composite power unit ?
d) Diesel engine driven motor generator ?
249. Ultrasonic testing is preferable to radiographic testing due to
a) Ability to find all defects.
b) Lower amount of operator skill required

c) Ability to detect laminations.
d) None of the above
250. Which of the following is never a reašon for applying post weld heat treatment.
a) Hydrogen release.
b) Stress relieying.
c) Grain refinement.
d) Reducing carbon contents:
251. Lamellar tearing has occurred in a steel fabrication BEFORE welding could, which of the following test
methods could have detected it?
a) Radiographic testing.
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b) Utrasonic testing.
c) Magnetic particle testing.
d) lt could not be found by any testing method.
252. Incomplete root penetration is most likely due to:
a) Welding speed too slow.

b) Welding current too high.
c) Root gap too small.
d) Electrode diameter too small. .
253. A welding process where the welding plant controls the travel speed and arc gap, but under a
constant supervision using a shielding gas mixture of 80% argon- 20% carbon dioxide is termed as:
a) A manual MAG process.
b) A semi automatic MAG process.
c) A mechanised MIG proçess.
d) A mechanised MAG process.
254. The purpose of normalising steèl

a) To modify the grain structure by making it more uniform in order to a improve mechanical properties.
b) To soften a material for extensive machining
c) To reduce fracture toughness.
d) To reduce ductility.
255. Which of the following destructive tests would show the results in joules?
a) Tenisile test
b) Charpy test.
c) Bend test.
d) Hardness test.
256. Generally the most suitable method of detecting lack of sidewall fusion on a single-V butt weld (30° to
35° bevel angles) would be: .
a) Ultrasonic testing.
b) Radiographic testing
c) Magnetic particle testing
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d) Both a and b.
e) All of the above
257. When welding with the MIG welding process using pure argon as the shielding gas on carbon steel,
which of the following problems are likely to occur?
a) Copper inclusions and excessive cap heights
b) Excessive root penetration and porosity.
c) Slag inclusions and crater pipe.

d) Lack of fusion and poor cap profiles.
258. It is a requirement to excavate a crack in á welded component; the defect is at least 25 mm in depth,
which of the following would you expect to be done to .remove the'defect?
a) Arc air, ground finish and checked with crack detection
b) Thermal gouging, ground finish and check with MPI:
c) Oxy-gas cutting, ground finish and checked with crack detection.
d) Both a and b.
259. The heat affected zone associated with a fusion weld

a) Usually has the highest tensile strength.
b) Always exists in a fusion-welded joint.

c) ls usually the area of a welded joint that is the most susceptible to HICC?
260. Which of the foliowing welding processes would be the most suited for the welding of carbon steel in
excess of 100 mm thickness
a) Tungsten inert gas
b) Electro-slag
c) Manual metal arc.
d) Plasma arc.
261. Austenitic stainless steel can be readily identified by:

a) Lack of magnetic attraction.
b) its extreme hardness.
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c) Very shinny appearance.

262. Which of the following is likely to be considered an essential, variable on a welding procedure
a) A change from an electrode classified to AWS E6011 to an electrode E6012.
b) A change in preheat temperature from 50•Cto 150•C.

c) A change in welding position from PA to PF
d) All of the above
263. Which of the following is applicable if the heat input is to high during the deposition of a.weld made
using the MMA welding process?
a) Low toughness.
b) High susceptibility tó hydrogen entrapment.
c) High hardness.
d) High susceptibility to lack of fusion.
264. Which of the following will infiuence the amount of distortion on a component during and after welding?
a) Heat input.
b) Lack of restraint.
c) Material properties.
d) Both a and b.
265. Lamellar tearing is:

a) A product defect caused during the manufacturing of certain steels
b) A crack type, which occurs in the parent material due to welding strains acting in the short transverse
direction of the parent material.
c) A type of hot crack associated with impurities (sulphur, carbon and phosphorous).
d) A type of crack that occurs in the weld or parent material due to cyclic stresses.
266. The weld zone associated with a welded joint.is:
a) Weld metal, HAZ and the parent material in the immediate vicinity.
b) Weld metal only.
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c) The weld metal plus parent material.

d) HAZ and parent material.
267.Which of the following elements if present in significant quantities in šteel may lead to cold shortness.
a) Sulphur.
b) Phosphorous.
c) Silicon.
d) Copper
268. A black triangular flag used in conjunction with a weld symbol as to EN 22553 means
a) A specific welding process is required.
b) The weld is to be made under constant supervision of a qualified welding inspector.
c) Welding to be carried out on site (field weld)
d) The weld must be subjected to NDT.
269. What is the ratio between the leg length and the design throat thickness on a mitre fillet weld with
equal leg lengths
a) 1:1
b) 2:1
C) 1.414 1.
d) It depends on the fillet welds dimensions and fit up requirements.
270. What is the leg length of a fillet weld?

a) The distance from the toe to face
b) The distance from the root to face centre.
271. Why is the arc shielded, when using an arc welding process?
a) To eliminate hydrogen from the arc.
b) To retard the cooling rate of the solidifying metal.
c) To excluded the atmosphere from the arc region.
d) The arc is not always shielded when using an arc welding process.
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272. Which of the following is applicable for a none planar defects?

a) They are always repaired.
b) Their existence will result in the removal of the entire weld.
c) They are not usually as significant as planar defects.
d) They can only be deteçted using radiography.
273. In a bend test, the face of the specimen is in tension and root is in compression; the type of test being
carried out would be:
a) A root bend test
b) A side bend test
c) A face bend test
274. Uitrasonic testing is of advantage in detecting which of the following weld imperfections over other
NDT methods:
a) Lack of.side wal fusion
b) Surface undercut
c) Incompletely filled groove

d) Overlap
275. The process of tempering is often carried out to regain toughness after which of the following
processes:
a) Annealing
b) Normalising
c) Hardening
d) Stress relieving
276. The presence of iron sulphide in the weld metal is most likely to produce which of the following upon
contraction of the weld:
a) Soidification cracking
b) Hydrogen cracking
c) Intergranular corrosion
d) Stress corrosion Cracking
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277. Repair welding is often more difficult than production due to :

a) The material being ingrained with in-service contaminates
b) Restricted access within the repair area
c) The possible position of the weld repair
d) Any of the above
278. Hydrogen cracking in the weld metal is likely when welding:

a) Carbon manganese steels
b) Stainless steels
c) Micro alloyed steels (HSLA)
d) Low carbon steels
279. EN standard 288 would refer to which of the following:

a) Welder approval testing.
b) Welding equipment
c) Welding' procedure approval
d) Consumables for submerged arc welding
280. Porosity is caused by:

a) 17. Entrapped slag in the solidifying weld
b) Entrapped gas in the solidifying weld
c) Entrapped metallic inclusions in the solidifying weld
281. The type of SAW fux is more resistant to moisture absorbtion:

a) Fused
b) Agglomerated
c) Basic
d) All of about the same resistance
282. The flame temperature of oxy/acetylene mixture gas is given as:

a) 3200°C
162
b) 2300°C
c) 5000°
283. A large grain structure in steels is said to produce.

a) Low ductülity values
b)Low fracture toughness values
c) High fracture toughness values
d) High tensile strength
284. The likelihood of brittle fracture in steels will increase with:

a) A large grain formation
b) A reduction of in-service temperature to sub zero levels
c) Fenitic rather than austenitic steel
d) All the aboye
285. Which of the following processes joins metals plastically:

a)Friction Welding
b) Resistance Welding
c) Plasma Welding-
d) All of the above
286. Which electrode classification would be relevant to AWS AS.1-81

a) E6013
b) E 5133.
c) E 7018- G
d) Fleetweld 5
287. Which of the following coatings is associated.with'Stove" welding:

a) Rutile
b) Cellulosic
c) Basic
d) Oxidising.
163
288. A common gas/mixture used in MIG welding nickel alloys to combine good levels of penetration with
good arc stability would be:
a) 100% CO2
b) 100% argon
c) 80% argon 20% CO,2
d) 98% argon 2% oxygen
289. Movement of the arc by magnetic forces in MMA welding is termed:

a) Arc deviation
b) Arc misalignment
c) Arc blow
d) Arc eye
290. A metallurgical problem most. associated with submerged arc welding is

a) Hydrogen cracking in the HAZ
b) Solidification cracking in the weld metal

c) Hydrogen cracking in the weld metal
D) Lamellar téaring in the weld metal
291. Oxy pressure and nozzle size would infiuence what in flame cutting:
a) The temperature required for cut initiation
b) The ability to cut stainless steels
c) The depth of cut obtainable
292. The main usage af arc cutting/gouging processes is in

a) The cutting of single bevel preparations
b) Tne removal of deposited welds
c) The cutting of single U-type preparations
d) The cutting/gouging of non-ferrous materials.onty.
164
293. A fatigue failure is characteristic by the appearance of the fracture surface. It Would be
a) Rough and torn
b) Cheveron"-like
c) Smooth
294. "Stray arcing" may be regarded as a sèrious defect. This is because:

a) It may reduce the thickness dimension of a component
b) It may cause liquation cracks
c) It may cause hard zones

295. Overlap in welds could bé infuenced by

a) Poor welding technique
b) Welding process
c) Welding position
296. Flame cut preparations may, during welding, increase the likelihood of:
a) Cracking
b) Misalignmént problems
c) Inclusions
d) All of the above
297. Macroscopic examination requires any specimen to be inspected

a) Once, after etching
b) Twice, before and after etching-
c) Using a microscope
298. Which of the following may be classed as a 'more serious defect":

a) Slag inclusions
b) Fusion defects (interun)
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c) Fusion defects (surface)

d) Porosity.
299. A code of practice is:

a) A standard for workmanship only
b) A set of rules for manufacturing a specific product
c) Levels of acceptability of a weldment
300. MIG welding tends to be susceptible to lack of fusion problems.This is because of:
a) Poor maintenance of equipment
b) Iancorrect settings
C) Poor interun cleaning

d) All of the above-
301. Manual metal arc electrodes can be grouped into three main types. These are
a) Basic cellulosic and rutile
b) Neutral cellulosic and rutile

c) Basic cellulosic and neutrald
d)None of the above
302. The main causes of porosity in welded joints are:

a) Poor access
b) Loss of gas shieldd
c) "Dirty" materials
d) all of the abové.
303. Cracks in welds may be due to:

a) Solidification problems
b) Hydrogen problems
c) Excessive stresses
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304. A Weave technique my give rais to ?

a) Better profiles
b) Improved toe blending
c) 'Improved ripple shape
d) All of the above
305. With reference to a root penetration bead, you could certainly assess:
a) Root fusion and penetration
b) Root concavity
c) Bumthrough
d) AI of the above
306. An essential variable may:

a) Change the properties of the weld
b) Influence the visual acceptability
c) Require re-approval of a weld procedure
d) All of the above
307. A magnifying glass may be used during visual inspection but BS 5289 states that its magnification
should be:
a) up to 5
b) 2-2.5
c) 5 10 ¢
d) none of the above
308. When visually inspecting a fllet weld, it would normally be "sized" by:
a) the leg lengths
b) the actual throat thickness
c) the design throat thickness
d) both A & C
309. A planár defect is:

a) Incomplete fusion defects
167
b) Slag inctusion
c) Incomplete penetration
d) Both A &C
310. Penetrant inspection and magnetic particle inspection are mainiy used to:
a)Aid visual inspection
b) Because the application standard says so c) To confirm "visual uncertancies"
311. Defects outside of the limits specified in a standard should always be:
A)Repaired
b)Reported to "a senior person"
c) Assessed along with other defects
d) All of the above
312. You notice a very "veed" ripple shape. This is most likely caused by:
a) Poor consumable choice
b) Welding position
c) Excessive travel speed
d) All of the äbove
313. Toe blending" is importànt as it may affect

a) Corrosion
b) Fatigue life
c) Overlap type defects
d) All of the above
314. Slag inclusions would occur with:

a) Manual metal arc
b) Metal inert gas
c) Submerged arc welding c)
d) Both A & C
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315. Undercut is principally caused by:

a) Excessive amps
b) Excessive volts
c) Excessive travel speed
d) All of the above
316. Undercut is normally assessed by:

a) its depth
b) its length
c) its blending
d) all of the above
317. A welding procedure is useful to:

a) Give information to the welder
b) Give information to the inspector
c) Give "confidence" to a product
318. The British code for Visual Inspection Requirements is:

a) BS 4872
b) BS 499
c) BS 4870
319. A Code of Practice for Visual Inspection shöuld cover the foliowing:
a) Before; during and after welding activities b) Before welding activities only
c) After welding activities only
320. Incomplete root penetration in a butt joint could be caused. by:

a)Excessive root face width
b) Excessive root gap size
c) Low current seting
169
d) Both A &C
321. Incomplete root fusion would certainly be caused by:

a) Linearear misalignment
b) Incorrect tilt angle
c) Differing root face widths

d) All of the above
322. When visually inspecting a completed single vee butt weld cap you would certainly assess:
a) Cap height
b) Toe blend
c) Weld width
d) A, B & C
323. In a tensile test, a brittle material would be indicated if the fracture surface ?
a) Shows a reduction in size'
b) Is fiat and featureless
c) Breaks in the weld metal
d) Breaks in the parent material
324. What destructive test would be required to ascertain the likelihood of cracking in the HAZ of a weld?
a) Nick break
b) Side bend test

c) Charpy impact
d) Macro test
325. In submerged arc welding, excessive arc voltage may cause ?

a) Excessive penetration
b) Change in weld metal composition
c) Narrow weld width
d) Excessive bead profile.

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326. Welding a steel plate of a CE of .45 would require preheating to ?

a) Prevent the formation of sulphides
b) Prevent hardening in the HAZ
c) Prevent the formation of carbides
d) To improve mechanical properties in the weld.
327. Which one of the following processes uses the "keyholing" system of fusion?
a) Friction welding
b) Diffusion bönding.
c) Electron beam welding
d) Autogenous TIG welding
328. In friction welding, is the metal at the interface in the?

a) Liquid state
b) Solid state
c) Plastic state
d) Elastic state
329. Welding procedures may require welds to be deposited at a controlled rate heat input. High heat
inputs would ?
a) Have poor profile
b) Have larger grain size
c) Have high hardness in the HAZ
d) Have low elongation properties
330. The use of celluiosic electrodes is often made when welding the root pass of pipes in the field. This is
because ?
a) Hydrogen control is needed
b) Iron powders in the electrode
c) Higher arc voltage can be obtained

d) Shorter arc length can be achieved
171
331. In the welding of austenitic stainless steels, the electrode and the plate material can be purchased
with low carbon contents.: The reason for this is to prevent ?
a) Cracking in the HAZ
b) The formation of chromium carbides
c) Cracking in the weld metal.
d) Distortion
332. Submerged arc fluxes can be supplied in two forms; these are ?
a) Sintered and agitated
b) Agitated and fused
c) Crushed and agglomerated
d) Fused and agglomerated
333. In a steel which has improved creep properties at elevated temperature, Which one of the following
elements helps in this improvement ?
a) Tungsten
b) Manganese
c) Molybdenum
d) Carbon
334. In X-ray work, the quality of the radiogrpahic negative is assessed by the?
a) Density of the Filmn
b) IQI Indicator
c) KVA available
d) Stand-off Distance
335. A steel described as QT will have improved tensile pr?perties because it has?
a) Had control of chemical composition
b) Been heat-treated
c) Been quality tested
d) Been vacuum melted
172
336. Which one of the following type of steels would give rise to the formation of porosity when
autogenously welded with an arc process?
a) Fully killed steel
b) Semi killed steel
c) Rimming steel
d) Fine grained steel
337. In submerged arc welding, the use of excessively high voltage would result in?
a) insufficient flux melting
b) Excessive flux melting
c) Slag removal difficulties
d) Spatter
338. The weld metal deposit of manual metal arc electrodes achieves its mechanical strength through?
a)The Core Wire

b) The Flux Coating
c) Iron powders with the flux coating
339. What constituent is needed in a coating of an electrode to prevent the formation of porosity in welding
of a rimming steel?
a) Iron Powders
b) Calcium Fluoride
c) Silicon
d) Calcium Carbonate
340. Welds made with high heat inputs show a reduction in one of the following properies?
a) Ductility
b) Toughness
c) Fatigue Strength
d) Mechanical Strength
341. In the welding of austenitic pipework, the bore is usualy purged with Ar to ?
a) Prevent formation of porosity in the weld.
173
b) Prevent burn-through in the root run.

c) Prevent oxidation of the root bead
d) Eliminate the formation of H2
342. Degreasing components are essential for quality welding but some agents may
a) Cause Corrosion Problems
b) Give off Phosgene Gas
c) Leave Residues
d) All of the Above
343. Which of the folilowing chemical elements has the greater effect on the hardenability of a steel plate?
a) Molybdenum
b) Chromium
c) Titanium
d) Carbon
344. In MAG/CO2 welding, which parameters give the greatest control of weld appearance-during dip.
transfer or short circuiting welding?
a) Wire stick-out length
b) Amperage
c) Wire feed speed
d) Inductance
345. In MMA welding, the slags produced can be varied to suit the welding position which type of slag
Would be required for welding in the 3G position?
a) Fluid
b) Viscous
c) None of the above
d) Semi fluid
346. In MMA welding, what parameter is used for the control of penetration into the base material?
a) Voltage
B) Welding Speed
C) Iron Powders in the coaing
174
D) Current
347.In the welding of a butt joint made from one side, which of the following controls the profile of the root
bead?
A) Root Face
B) Bevel Angle
C) Root Gap
D) None of the above
348. What type of power source characteristic is required, for manual welding?
A) Constant Voltage
B) Flat Characteristic
C) Drooping Characteristic
D) Motor Generator
349. Which one of the following destructive tests would indicate tihe toughness ot weld metal/parent metal
haz.
A) Macro
B) Nick Break
C) HardneSs
D) Charpy Vee Notch
350. What two functions in arc welding must be in equilibrium to enable a stable arc to be established?
A) Arc Voltage
B) Current
C) Wire/Electrode feed rate
D) Metal burn-off rate
351. You are to oversee the arc welding of some machine= fitings and find they are cadmium plated. Would
you:
A) Permit it to proceed ?
(b) Permit it to proceed with fume exracjon ?
C) Stop the operation at onte ?
D) Advise the welder to drink miik and psoceed

175
352. A welder qualification test is to verify:

A) The skill of the welder ?
B) The quality of the materials?
C) The no-destructive test procedures ?
D) The manufacturing methods?
353. A fabricating procedure calls for fillet welds to be "blanoed in by grinding. This is to influence:
a) HA.Z. cracking ?
B) Fatigue life ?
c) Residual stress ?
d). Yield strength ?
354. Bend test specimens have been taken from a, 25mm thick carbon steel. butt weld. Which would show
lack of inter-run fusion:
A) Side bend ?
b) Root bend ?
c) Face bend ?
D) Guided bend ?
355. Lamellar tearing has occurred in a steel fabrication. BEFORE welding could it have been found by:
A) X-ray examination ?
b) Dye penetrant ?
C) Ultrasonic inspection ?
D) would not have been found by ary inspection method?
356. If submerged arc weiding is to be used to make butt welds, wnich would you be most critical of
A) The roo gap tolerance ?
B) The angle of preparation ?
C) Tne root iece widith ?
D) The gas cut finish ?
357. Durirg CO2, welding. the arc length is most likely to be affected by
176
a) The wire diameter ?

B) The current return connèctions ?
C) The gas fiow fate ?
D) The, torch to work angle ?
358. Pteheating for arc welding applies to

A) Assembly welding only ?
B) Assembly and tack welding ?
C) Joints over 25mm thick only ?
D) Cruciform welds only ?
359. You see a welder using an oxy-acetylene liame with a long feathered inner cone. What would be the
effect of this on a carbon sieel.
A) The weld could be hard and brittle ?
B) The weld metal could be too soft ?
C) There will be no effect on, the weld?
D) Tne weld will have undercut ?360. Toughness (Charpy V) is measured in
a) PSI
b) KSI
c) Joules
d) Brinell
361. A welding procedure is which of the following statements?

a) A detailed plan of how all welding is done
b)A systematic method of producing a sound weld
c) A detailed plan that is approved by the contractor
d) A method that proves the weld will be acceptable to specification
362. Hardness is termed?

a) The ability of a material to resist indentation
b) The ability of a material to resist force
c) The ability of a material to absorb impact energy
d) The ability of a material to plastically deform under tension
177
363. Laps in metal are caused during which of the following?

a) Rolling
b) Welding
c) Cutting
d) Burning
364. Angular misalignment is measured in?

a) Inches
b) Centimeters
c) Millimeters
d) Degrees
365. Welding phenomena or deviation of the electric arc is usually caused by?
a) Wind
b)Damp electrodes
c) Magnetic forces
d) Broken electrode coating
366. A macro specimen is normally cut from where in the weld?

a) Sidewall
b) Toe
c) Stop start position in the root

d) Interun passes
367. Bend tests are used for which of the following?

a) Check tensile strength and fusion
b) Check yield strength and fusion
c) Check ductility and fusion
d) Check yield strength and ductility
368. A Vickers hardness test uses a ?

a) Steel ball
178
b) Diamond
c) 10mm steel ball
d) Steel ball and diamond
369 Double sided preparations are normally made on thicker materials, when both sides are?
a) Restricted
b) Unrestricted
c) Distorted
d) Pre- heate
370. Gas pores are defined as internal gas filled cavities under?
a) 3 MM
b) 2 MM
c) 2.5 MM
d) 1.5 MM
371. All cracks have the following?

a) Sharp edges with high stress concentrations
b) Unsharp edges with low stress concentrations
c) Unsharp edges with high stress concentrations
d) Cracks do have any stress concentrations
372. Hardness testing is usually carried using

a) Vickers
b) Izod
c) CTOD
d) IQI
373. Fillet weld fracture , Bend testing, are used to measure?

a) Quality
b) Quantity
c) Quantitive
d) Qualitative
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374. A joint is considered as one of the following?

a) Configuration of members
b) Union of materials
c) Configuration of electrodes
d) Union of electrodes
375. Which of the following is not a kind of weld?

a) Butt
b) Fillet
c) Spot
d) Open corner
376. The function of the root gap is to allow?

a) Penetration
b) Fusion
c) Ease of welding
d) Electrode control
377. The ease of which materials can be welded is called?

a) Welding
b) Weldability
c) Lamellar
d) Bonded
378. Cracks are classed as?

a) Planar
b) None planar
c) Planer and non planer
d) Lamellar
379. Welds can be considered as one of the following?

a) Casting
180
b) Forging
c) Inclusion
d) Non inclusion
380. The mechanical tests of a welder approval may include which of the following?
a)Bend tests
b) Fillet weld fracture tests
c) Nick break tests
d) All of the above
381. A welder approval test is a test of the level of skill attained by the?
a) Pipe fitter/ welder
b) Welder
c) Welders assistant
d) All of the above
382. Qualitative tests will include which of the following?

a) Macro testing
b) Bend testing
c) Fillet weld fracture testing
d) All of the above
Correct Answer
383. Quantitative tests include which of the following?

a) Hardness
b) Toughness
c) Tensile test
d) All of the above
384. Generally the approved Welding Procedure Specification will have which of the
tollowing
a) Extent of approval
b) Approved in all parameters
c) Parameters play no part in approval
181
d) Essential variables are not considered when approving a welding procedure
385. Fillet weld racture tests are used to assess which welding condition?
a) Leg length
b) Throat size
c) Root fusion
d) Sidewall fusion
386. Types of bend test

a) Face
b) Root
c) Side
d) All of the above
387. A nick break test is used to assess which type of weld configuration?
a) Double V
b) Fillet weld unequal leg length
c) Fillet weld
d) All of the above
388. The elongation marks on a transverse tensile test are usually how many MM apart?
a) 50 MMM
b) 10 MMM
c) 30 MNM
d) 45 MM
389. In a Macro assessment table which of the following defect would the inspector look Tor?
a) Excess weld metal height
b) Undercut
c) Slag
d) All of the above
390. A fillet weld fracture test is one of the following?

182
a) Quantitive
b) Qualitative
c) Qualified
d) All of the above
391. Mechanical damage can be defined as any surface material caused during?
a) Rolling
b) Casting
c) Forging
d) Using a needle guns to compress weld capping runs
392. When carrying out a Charpy V test a graph can be produced using what as its base?
a) Carbon content
b) Temperature
c) Alloying content
393. Fully austenitic stainless steels show measurable toughness at ?

a) 270C
b) 300 C
c) 350 C
d) 400C
394. What should happen to spatter before visual inspection is carried out?
a) Spatter is not a problem for visual inspection
b) Spatter that is more than 2 mm need not be cleaned for visual inspection
c) Spatter should be cleaned off before visual inspection
d) Spatter will not have any affect on the weld or the base material
395. Undercut can be defined as one of the following?

183
a) Concavity in the root of the weld

b) Crater in the fill of the weld
c) An oxide within the weld

d) Depression at the toe of the weld
396. Excess penetration is often caused by which of the following?

a) Too high a welding current
b) Slow travel speed
c) Large root gap
d) All of the above
397. All things contain imperfections, but is only when they fall outside the level of
acceptance they should be termed?
a) Discontinuity
b) Defect
c) Mechanical damage
d) Welding imperfections
398. A singular gas filled cavity that is = or more than 1.6 mm in diameter is termed?
a) Cavity
b) Cluster porosity
c) Blow hole
d) Rounded porosity
399. Lack of fusion imperfections are defined as?

a) Lack of union between two adjacent areas of material
b) Not cleaning out slag
c) Incorrect electrode manipulation in the final run
d) Incorrect set
400. what does the number 141 referto on this drawing symbol?
a. the number of the WPS
B. the welding process
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c. the number of the NDE procedure

d. the acceptance standard up
401. According to the weld symbol, welds that are done on the arrow side will go?
a) On top of the reference line
b) At the side of the reference line
c) Underneath the reference line
402.Where would you expect to find the term on a weld symbol called pitch?
a) Full penetration groove weld
b) Staggered intermittent fillet weld
c) Non Staggered intermittent fillet weld
d) Full penetration butt weld
403. The fillet weld leg length shall always be preceded by which letter?
a) A
b) E
c) F
d) Z
404. Nominal fillet weld throat thickness shall always be proceeded by the letter?
a) Z
b) S
c) E
d) A
405. Double sided butt weld symbols could include which of the weld configurations?
a) Double bevel
b) Double J
c) Double U
d) All of the above
406. According to BS 499 a flag with a circle means what should happen?
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a) The weld is made in the fabrication shop

b) The weld is made by the manufacturer
c) The weld is all around and made on site

d) The weld is of a double V configuration.
407. According to BS 499 the reference line shall do the following?

a) Shall join the arrow
b) Shall be parallel to the bottom of the drawing
c) Shall have a broken line placed above, or beneath the reference line
d) All of the above are correct
408. The other side of the weld joint is represented by one of the following?
a) Broken line
b) Solid line
c) Double lines
409. On thee welding symbol, supplementary information could be which of the following?
a) Welding process
b) Weld profile
c) NDT
d) All of the above
410. According to the convention of BS 499 (UK) the arrow line shall do which of the following?
a) Shall touch the joint intersection
b) Shall not be parallel to the drawing
c) Shall point towards a single plate preparation
d) All of the above
411. All linear dimensions are in which part of the symbol?

a) Right of the symbol
b) Left of the symbo
c) Above the symbol
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d) Below the symbol
412. The main areas of responsibility within the application standard is generally divided into which of the
following?
a) The client
b) The contractor
c) The third party inspection authority
d) All of the above
413. When looking at weld symbols on drawings the reference of the symbol must do which of the following?
a) lt must touch the arrow line
b) It should not touch the arrow line
c) It must touch only if the arrow is going to the right
d) It must touch only if the arrow is going to the left
414. The arrow line is always a?

a) Broken line
b) Intermittent line
c) Straight and unbroken
415. A code of practice is generally a legally binding document containing rules and laws required to_ a
specific topic
a) Design and test
b) Accept and test
c) Negotiate and test

d) Understand and test
416. A code of practice is a set of rules that be followed

a) May
b) Shall
c) Should
d) When required by contractor
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417. Most major application codes and standards contain major sections, which are dedicated to?
a) Design
b) Manufacture
c)Testing
d) All of the above
418. All materials arriving on site should be inspected for?

a) Size
b) Condition
c) Type/Specification
d) All of the above
419. Laminations are caused through inclusions and are caused when plate is ?
a) Welded
b) Cut with gas that is impure
c) Rolled
d) Arc air having too much pressure
420. Laps are caused during rolling when overlapped metal does not fuse to ? the and is caused by?
a) Base metal
b) Insufficient temperature
c) Pressure
d) All of the above
421. How should we store cellulistic electrodes?

a) In an oven at 150C
b) In an oven at 250C
c) In a dry condition
d) These electrodes must be kept cool
422. Hydrogen cracks could be caused by which of the following?

a) In-correct electrode type
b) In-correct baking procedure
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c) In-correct control of electrodes

d) All of the above
423. Which defect is likely to be caused by too high amperage for the position?
a) Slag
b) Undercut
c) Porosity
d) Root concavity
424. Which defect is likely to be caused by in-correct root gap or root face?
a) Porosity
b) Slag
c) Lack of penetration
d) Slag
425. What could an arc strike cause?

a) Cracks
b) High hardness
c) Change in grain structure of the metal
d) All of the above
426. The arc voltage of the MMA welding process is measured ?

a) Close to the arc of possible
b) At least two meters from the arc
c) As far from the arc as possible
d) The distance of measurement is not a concern
427. Which defect will mostly be caused by insufficient inter-run cleaning?

a) Porosity
b) Slag
c) Lack of fusion
d) Lack of penetration
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428. which defect is likely to be caused by damp or damaged electrodes?

a) Slag
b) Undercut
c) Root concavity
d) Porosity
429. The amount of current that can safely carried by a conductor in a period of time is called ?
a) Cycle
b) Amperage circuit
c) Voltage circuit
d) Duty cycle
430. In MMA and TIG welding the arc length is controlled by?
a) Automatically controlled
b) Machine controlled
c) Welder controlled
d) All of the above
431. When the arc length is increased the voltage to maintain the arc will need to?
a) Decrease
b) Increase
c) Remain the samme

d) This will depend on the electrode being used
432. The voltage that maintains the arc once it is created is termed the welding or arc voltage. The
conducting path produced is termed the?
a) Arc column
b) Welding column
c) Plasma column
d) Voltage column
433 Electrodes that give a very high level of penetration is cause by the producing of which gas?
a) Argon
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b) Helium
c) Phosgene
d) Hydrogen
434. In submerged are welding the gas sheild is produced from the combustion of ?
a) Gases
b) Molten liquids
c) Compounds
d) All of the above
435. What types of high intensity energy beams are associated with certain welding
processes?
a) Laseer
b) Electron beamn
c) Plasma
d) All of the above
436. We can use the heat generated by friction (and pressure) to weld components together. The joint is
made with material face in what state?
a) Plastic state
b) Static state
c) Elastic state
d) Plasma state
437. The voltage required to initiate the arc is termed?

a) Open circuit voltage b)
Closed circuit voltage c)
Open circuit amperage
d) Closed circuit amperage
438. The main requirements of welding are which of the following?

a) Heating
b) Protection
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c) Cleaning
d) All of the above
439. Oxygen and Acetylene will combust to produce a temperature of ?

a) 1200 C
b) 2200 C
c) 3200 C°
d)4200 C°
440. In the Electro Slag welding process where the resistance is offered by the molten slag this is know as
one of the following?
a) Resistance Heating procesS
b) Coalescence heating process
c) Pre heating process
d) Resistance cooling process441. As an inspector which would be the most important statement
a) The material is the correct type
b) The welder is qualified
c) The welder is qualified for the procedure being used
d) The electrode is the correct type
442. In TIG welding which of the following should the welding inspector check?
a) Material type
b) Thickness
c) Diameter and type of tungsten being used
d) All of the above
443. Surface porosity is usually caused by which of the following?

a) Loss of shielding gas
b) Incorrect gas flow
c) Incorrect joint design
d) All of the above
444. The correct gas flow rate should be used for which of the following reasons ?
192
a) Type of joint design being used

b) Position of welding
c) Requirements of the welding procedure

d) All of the above
445. In TIG welding the gas cut off delay is often used for which of the following reasons
a) To save gas costs
b) When welding materials would oxidize at high temperatures

c) This shut off is for safety
d) When the materials would oxidize at low temperatures
446. In TIG welding too fine an angle of the electrode will produce which of the following?
a) Melting of the tungsten tip
b) Great absorption of the gas
c) This will an adverse affect on any hydrogen gas that is used
d) Tungsten cannot melt as the temperature used in TIG welding is not high
447. Helium gas will give which one of the these properties?
a) Higher penetration due to the hotter arc
b) Low penetration due to hotter arc
c) Helium will make no difference to penetration compared to other gasses
d) High penetration due to a cooler arc
448.Tungsten inclusions are usually caused by?

a) Lack of welder skill
b) Too high a current
c) Incorrect vertex angle
d) All of the above
449. In TIG welding the addition of hydrogen is added with argon for welding which type steel?
a) Carbon steel
b) Copper
c) Austenitic stainless steel
193
d) Aluminum
450. Which pulse parameters are generally adjustable?

a) Pulse peak current
b) Pulse frequency
c) Pulse duration
d) All of the above
451. Which of the following is a disadvantage of TIG welding?

a) High quality
b) High skill factor required
c) All position
d) Good control
452. The polarity used for welding of steels in TIG welding is always
a) DC Negative
b) DC Positive
c) AC
d) All of the above
453. In TIG welding the most common types used are which of the following?
a) Thoriated
b) Ceriated
c) Zirconiated
d) All of the above
454. What are the reasons that nitrogen is used as a gas in TIG welding?
a) To stabilize the arc when welding carbon steel
b) It is used to weld copper
c) It is used to weld material which is P1 material in ASME

d) Nitrogen should never be used as a gas
455. The current is adjusted in TIG welding to the ?

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a) Thickness of the metal

b) The speed of welding
c) Diameter of the tungsten being used

d) All of the above
456. The higher the level of current in TIG welding will affect which of the below?
a) Higher the level of penetration
b) Lower the level of penetration
c) Lower level of fusion
d) The higher the level of current will cause slag
457. In TIG welding the polarity is AC for the welding of which type of metals?
a) Carbon steel
b) Stainless steel
c) Austenitic stainless steel
d) Aluminum and its alloys
458. what level of skill is required for TIG welding?

a) High skill
b) Little skill
c) This will depend on the weld configuration
d) Moderate skill
459. In TIG welding how is the arc struck

a) The arc is struck on the parent metal
b) The arc is struck with a scratch start
c) The arc is first struck on a practice piece of metal
d) The arc is not struck with any of these methods
460. The voltage in TIG welding is variable only by the?

a) Welding speed
b) Type of electrode
c) Type of gas being used
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d) Type of amperage461. Which defect in MIG welding is likely to be caused by the loss of shielding gas?
a) PorosIty
b) Lack of penetration
c) Root concavity
d) Undercut
462. A major advantage of flux cored arc welding is which one of the following?
a) Extremely good penetration
b) It has duel shielded wires
c) t is semi automatic
d) All of the above
463. When welding with MIG the welding inspector should check which of the following?
a) Gas tlow rate
b) Wire speed rate
c) Essential variables
d) All of the above
464. Which defect in MIG welding is cause by poor inter-run cleaning?

a) Lack of sidewall fusion
b) PorosIty
c) Burn through
d) Silica inclusions
465. Which type of metal transfer in MIG welding is likely to cause lack of sidewall fusion?
a) Spray transfer
b) Pulsed transter
c) Dip transfer
d) Synergic pulsed transfer
466. Which gas cannot sustain spray transfer in MiG welding?

a) Carbon dioxide
b) Argon
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c) Helium
d) Oxygen
467. Inductance causes a backpressure of voltage to occur in the wire, what will be the
a) main effect of this?
b) Increase in spatter
c) Decrease in spatter
d) Increase in slag
e) Decrease in slag
468. In MIG welding the higher level of de-oxidants will give the lower chance of which defect?
a) Lack of fusion
b) Lack of penetration
c) Slag
d) Porosity
469. Synergig is used in which welding process?

a) MIG
b) TIG
c) MMA
d) SAW
470. What will automatically happen when we increase the wire feed speed?
a) The current will decrease
b) The current will increase
c) The curent will stay the same regardless of the speed
d) There is only one set speed that wire can be fed
471. Which is the most important setting in spray transfer method in MIG welding?
a) Amperage
b) Wire speed
c) Wire diameter
d) Voltage
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472. In MIG welding which type of metal transfer will produce low amperage?
a) DIp
b) Spray
c) Pulse Globular
473. Which type of metal transfer used in MIG welding uses dip and spray?
a) Pulsed transfer
b) ergic pulsed transfer
c) Globular transter
474. In MIG welding which type of metal transfer fires a single globule of metal across the arc gap?
a) Globular transfer
b) Spray transfer
c) Dip transter
d) Pulsed transfer
475. In dip transfer method used in MIG welding The wire will do one of the following ?
a) Pulse
b) Spray
c) Short circuit
d) Dip and spray
476. In spray transfer method used in MIG welding, what is the progression of the weld?
a) Up hand
b) Any progression
c) Down-hand
477. Globular transfer is used in which welding process?

a) TIG
b) MMA
198
c) SAW
d) FCAW
478. Which type power source does MIG welding use?

a) Inverter drooping
b) Transformer rectifier
c) Drooping characteristic
479. Metal active gasses used in MIG welding could include which of the following?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Argon
c) Oxygen
d) Any of the above in a mixture
480. In MIG welding the gas solenoid does the following?

a) Shuts off the gas
b) Opens and delivers the gas
c) Drives the wire
d) Controls the h481. When carrying out Penetrant testing material which material would you not usually
test?
a) Carbon steel
b) Stainless steel
c) Porous materials
482. Pentrant Testing will only find which of the following?

a) Internal slag
b) Surface breaking flaws
c) Under surface flaws
d) Both A and B
483. Radiography cannot gernerally identify which defect?

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a) Lack of fusion
b) Lack of root fusion
c) Lack of interun fusion
d) Lack of sidewall fusion
484. The advantages of Magnetic Particles inspection are?

a) Low operator skill
b) Surface/ sub surface flaws
c) Simple equipment
d) All of the abovee
485. In Ultrasonic Inspection the skill level is usually?

a) High
b) Low
c) It is the same skill level as magnetic particle inspection
d) It is the same level as penetrant testing
486. Which NDT method will best reveal lack of sidewall fusion?
a) Radiography
b) Ultrasonic testing
c) Magnetic particle inspection
d) Penetrant testing
487. Radiation is transmitted in varying degrees and is dependant on?
a) Elasticity
b) Plastiscity
c) Density
d) Velocity
488. An IQI will record which of the following?

a) Density b)
Contrast c)
Sensitivity
200
d) Film scatte
489. Which NDT method would use a dwell time

a) Magnetic particle inspection
b) Radiography
c) Penetrant testin9
d) Ultrasonic testing
490. Which NDT method uses a reverse capillary action

a) Radiography
b) Penetrant testing
c) Ultrasonic testing
d) Magnetic particle inspection
491. When carrying out Magnetic Particle Inspection the material should be which of the following
a) Paramagnetic
b) Diamagnetic
c) Ferromagnetic
492. Which type of flux used in Submerged Arc welding is mixed together and baked at a very high
temperature?
a) Fused
b) Agglomerated
c) Bonded
d) All of the above
493. Agglomerated fiuxes tend to be one of the following?

a) Bonded
b) Globular
c) Fused
d) Basic
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494. Methods of NDT could include which of the following?

a) Penetrant testing
b) Magnetic particle inspection
c) Ultrasonic testing
495. What is the main prpose of the copper coating of steel MIG/MAG welding wire?
a) To impove arc stability
b) To improve penetration
c) To reduce the level of coiefficient of friction which could cause corrosion
d) All of the above
496. In MIG welding when using pure argon in spray or pusle transfer in the welding of certain steels will
produce what type of root condition?
a) Good penetration
b) Poor penetration
c) Hoot suckback
d) Lack of root fusion
497. When welding with the MAG process using Argon with 1-2% Oxygen is used only for what type of
steel?
a) Martinsetic Stainless Steel
b) Austinetic Stainless Steel
c) Ferretic Stainless Steel
d) All of the above
498. In TIG welding the electrode is considered to be?

a) Consumable
b) None consumable
c) TIG welding does not us an electrode
d) The elctrode is only consumed when using hellium as a backing gas
499. Which backing gas used in TIG welding produces and deep penetrating arc
a) Carbon dioxide
202
b) Argoon
c) Oxygen
d) Helium
500. It is recommened that basic electrodes be stored in which manner?

a) Heated quiver
b) Open box
c) In a quiver without heating

d) The welder will decide h501. Annealing is carried out for which of the following reasons?
a) To make the material more strong by making more brittle
b) To soften and add ductility
c) To add more carbon to promote more strength
d) Annealing will not affect ductility
502. In full annealing of steels the steel is heated to which temperature?

a) The normal temperature that is required by the contractor
b) The upper critical temperature
c) The lower critical temperature

d) To around 250C
503. Which of the following are forms of heat treatment?

a) Annealing
b) Tempering
c) Normalizing
d) All of the above
504. When carrying out heat treatment which type of heat treatment would not be carried out in a furnace?
a) Pre-heating
b) Annealing
c) Hardening
d) Tempering
505. The tools that an inspector may us to measure the temperatures could include which of the following?
203
a) Temperature indicating crayons

b) Pyrometers
c) Thermo-couples
506. Which are the cycles of all heat treatments?

a) Heating
b) Holding
c) Cooling
d) All of the above
507. We use heat treatments for the which of the following reasons?
a) Change the properties of a metal
b) Method of controlling formations of structures
c) Expansion/ contractional forces during welding
d) All of the above OrCes during welding
508. In heat treatment the holding or soaking time is generally calculated as?
a) One hour for every 20mm of thicknesss
b) Two hours for every 25 mm of thickness
c) One hour for every 25 mm of thickness
d) Two hours for every 20mm of thickness
509. A special technique of welding to control distortion is called which of the followingg?
a) Tempered welding
b) Annealed welding
c) Back step welding
d) Special step welding
510. Which of the following are the probable causes of distortion?

a) Heating
b) Contraction
c) Stresses
204
d) All of the above
511. A high percentage of residual stress can be removed by which of the following?
a) Welding
b) Alloying
c) Heat treatmentss
d) All of the above
512. The volume of weld metal in a joint will have what effect?
a) Expansion and contraction which could cause distortion
b) The volume of weld metal will have no affect on distortion
c) The shapes of the bevel will not affect distortion
d) None of the statements are correct
513. Where expansion and contraction are taking place as the weld cools and each weld element acts as a
fulcrum is called?
a) Stress relieving
b) Coolation
c) Reversal of stresses
d) Froward stresses
514. Offsetting of plates to pre-determined angle is carried out for the which of the following reasons?
a) To allow distortion to take place
b) To stop distortion
c) Plates are never offset to allow distortion
515. The stresses that remain in a weld after welding are called ?
a) Post stresses
b) Relieving stresses
c) Residual stresses
d) After welding stress
205
516. The degree of distortion that occurs is dependant on the ability of the material to do the which of the
following?
a) Accept the stresses and deformation
b) Distortion will only occur in the base metal
c) Distortion will only occur in the weld metal
d) Resist these stresses and deformation
517. Which are the basic directions of distortion?

a) Longitudinal distortion
b) Transverse distortion
c) Angular distortion
d) All of the above
518. NDT should be used for one of the following?

a) Provide confirmation of the defect
b) The location of the defect
c) The type of welding defect
d) All of the above
519. Whena crack is found what can we do to avoid further propagation of the crack?
a) The crack should be drilled
b) The crack should be heated
c) The crack should be welded up
d) The crack should be closed using a heating torch
520. When a defect is removed we should use NDT to do which of the following?
a) To confirm the length of the defect
b) To confirm that the defect has been completely excavated from the area
c) To confirm the depth of the defect
d) All of the aboveow to store basic electrodeseat of the gas521. We use pre-heating to achieve which of
the following?
a) To control the structure of the weld metal in the HAZ on cooling
b) To improve diffusion of gas molecules through an atomic structure
c) To control the effects of expansion and contraction
206
d) All of the above
522. Martensite is produced by the entrapment of a carbon solution at which temperatures?

a) Below 300C
b) Above 350C
c) Above 400C
d) Above 500C
523. Which types of steel sometimes require special heating curves?

a) Stainless steels
b) Copper alloy steels
c) Austenitic steels
d) Creep resistant steels
524. When a steel will not return to it original dimensions due to yield this is expressed as?
a) Plastically deformed
b) Elastically deformed
c) Normally deformed
d) All of the above
525. When we heat steel the higher the temperature will produce?
a) Less elastic strain
b) More elastic strain
c) The heat will have no effect on elasticity
d) Elastic strain is never converted into plastic strain
526. The process of tempering starts at around what temperature?

a) 220C
b) 150C
c) 200C
d) 100C
527. Tempering will increase the level of?

207
a) Hardness
b) Toughness
c) Carbon content
d) All of the above
528. The purpose of stress relieving is to ?

a) Relieve external elastic stress
b) Relieve internal elastic stress
c) To give the material extra hardness
d) To give the material extra toughness
529. Which is considered the quickest cooling media?

a) Water
b) Oil
c) Brine
d) All are equal when cooling
530. Tempering is a sub critical heat treatment process that used only after?
a) Normalizing
b) Annealing
c) Hardening
d) Softening
531. When carrying out tempering to steel ,we do which of the following?
a) Re-balance the steel
b) Un-balance the steel
c) Tempering will have little affect on the steel
532. When we normalize steel what will be the affect on the steel?
a) Toughness and impact strength will improve
b) 1ougnness and impact will be give the metal less strength
c) Toughness will improve
208
d) Impact values will improve
a) Strength and hardness are decreased
b) Strength and hardness are increased
c) Normalizing steel will have no affect on hardness

d) Normalizing steel will have no affect on strength
534. For plain carbon steel ,the steel must have a sufficiently high carbon content to be hardened by
thermal treatment which is generally considered as?
a) More than 0.3%
b) More than 0.1%
c) More than 0.01%
d) More than 0.2%
535. The term annealing generally means to bring the metal, or alloy to its?
a) Hardest and ductile natural condition
b) Softest and most ductile natural condition
c) Hardest and tempered condition
d) Softest and quenched condition
536. In normalizing the steel is removed from the furnace and?

a) Allowed to cool in still air
b) Controlled cooling in the oven
c) Allowed to cool rapidlly in cooled air
d) To achieve normalizing we should quench the steel after removing it from the oven
a) Softness and ductility will increase
b) Softness and ductility will decrease
c) Softness will not be affected when we normalize steel

d) This will add more carbon content to steel
209
538. What is the annealing temperature of plain carbon steel less that 0.2% carbon content?
a) 900c to 1100c
b) 850c to 950c
c) 600c to 750c
d) 400c to 550c
539. The solution annealing of some metallic alloys may require?

a) Slow cooling
b) Slow cooling at room temperature
c) Rapid cooling with frozen carbon dioxide
d) Rapid cooling ratee
540. In sub critical annealing the steel is heated to what temperature below the lowercr itical temperature?
a)723C
b) 800c
c) 850c
d) 900c
541. Which types of steels are particularly prone to solidification cracking?

a) Carbon steel
b) Chrome moly
c) Ferretic stainless steel

d) Austenitic stainless steel
542. Lamellar tearing could be caused in which type of joint configurations?

a) Corner joints
b) Butt joints
c) Tjoints
d) All of the above
543. Higher carbon steel will have which of the following ?

a) Large amount of ductility
b) Very little ductility
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c) Carbon will have no effect on ductility

d) Higher the carbon more the ductility
544. Solidification cracking is caused generally by which condition?

a) High sulpher content
b) High carbon content
c) High hydrogen content
d) High quenching of the steel
545. Careful consideration must be given to the Mn/S ratio, which should be in the region of which of the
following?
a) 30 1
b) 25:1
c) 10: 1
d) 40 1
546. The minimum critical factors for hydrogen cracking could be which of the followin?
a) Hydrogen content more than 15ml for every 100 gm of deposited weld metal
b) Hardness more than 350 VPN
c) Temperature less than 300c
d) All of the above
547. To control hydrogen cracking which of the following could be carried out?
a) Pre heating
b) Rapidly cool the steel
c) Heat the steel above the critical temperature
d) The creation of martinsite in the grain structure would avoid any hydrogen cracking
548. Elements to be considered when pre - heating are which of the following?
a) Hardenability
b) Arc energy
c) Thickness
d) All of the above
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549. Which types of arc cutting and gouging are generally used?
a) Conventional cutting/gouging electrodes
b) Oxy-arc cutting/gouging
c) Arc air-air cutting/gouging
d) All of the above
550. Which type of material is used for the consumable for Arc - Air cutting/gouging?
a) Carbon steel coatea
b) Stainless steel coated
c) Copper coated
d) Manganese coated
551. When considering any type of weld cracking mechanism which elements must be present for its
occurrence
a) Stress
b) Restraint
c) Susceptible microstructure
d) All of the above
552. When using Oxy- Acetylene and oxidizing flame is used for mainly what type of welding?
a) Stainless steel welding
b) Bronze welding
c) Carbon steel welding

d) All of the above
553. When using Oxy- Acetylene a carburizing flame is used for mainly what type of welding?
a) Stainlesss steel welding
b) Hard facing welding
c) Bronze welding
554. Oxy-Fuel gas cutting method is dependant on which of the following?

212
a) Nozzle
b) Pressure
c) Gas
d) All of the above
555. OxyTuel gas may be used for which of the following??

a) Pre-heating
b) PWHT
c) Cutting
d) All of the above
556. If a pressurized cylinder was left in the horizontal position ,how long should it left in the upright
position before it can be safely used?
a) Minimum of 20 minutes
b) Minimum of 40 minutes
c) Minimum of 10 minutes
d) Minimum of 60 minutes
557. What is the highest temperature achievable when acetylene is combusted with the upright position
before it can be safely used?
a) 3200C
b) 3000CC
c) 2500C
d) 2000C
558. Which of the following are types of plasma cutting processes?

a) Transferred arc
b) Non transferred arc
c) Sub arc
d) Both A and B are correct
559. It is the duty of the welding inspector to ensure that which of the following safe
a) working practices are carried out?
b) Welding/cutting process safety
213
c) Safe use of lifting equipment

d) Safe use of hand tools
e) All of the above
560. When working with electrical power we must ensure a good working practice and be especially vigilant
in?
a) Wet
b) Damp
c) Low supply voltage will be used (110V)
d) All of the above
561} Solidification cracking take place in carbon
steels, a) after post weld heat treatment
b) In the base metal
c) immediately after welding
d) after a few hours
562} For all weld tensile test which of the following is true?
a) The specimen is rectangular in cross section
b) The specimen contains base metal and weld metal
c) The specimen is taken in the longitudinal direction
d) Specimen is taken in tne Z direction
563} What is the greatest advantage of radiographic inspection over ultrasonics

inspection a) can be done by anywhere
b) can give you a three dimensional of the imperfection
c) can be used on any material
d) equipment is cheaper to purchase
564} Ductile brittle transformation of a welded specimen is affected

by a) material composition
b) welding heat input
c) pre and post weld heat treatments
d) all of the above
565} Which standard is used for the basic requirement of visual inspection?
a) BSEN 17637
b) API 1104
c) BS EN 7079
d) BS EN 4515
566} During welding sometimes the removal of residual stress are carried out by
heat treatment. What typical heating range?
a) 450*C
2
b) 550-700*C
c) 700-800*C
d) 850-1000*C
567} The main pupose of preheat?

A) remove moisture
b) remove hydrogen
c) delay cooling rate
d) improve fusion
568} The toes of the cap on a butt weld;

a) Must overlap on the external surface of a pipe or plate by at least 1.5mm
b) Must be grounded
c)Must never be grounded
569} When the carbon content of iron is reduced below 2% it is

called a) steel
b) gray iron c)
white iron d)
ductile iron
570} Stress relief is not helpful in one of the following cases. Which one?
A) in improving resistance to stress corosion cracking
b) in dimensional stability after machining improving
c) in lowering the peak residual stress
d) in softening the steel
571} A recrystalization heat treatment is;

a) used to improve the toughness of weld metal
b) used to restore the ductility of the base material after bending and shaping
c) another name for a post weld stress relief heat treatment
d) is used to reduce the hardness of the HAZ
3
572} If submerged welding to be used to make butt welds, which would you be
most crical of.
a) The root gap tolerance

b) The angle of penetraion
c) The root face width
d) The gas cut finish
573} In MMA..?
a) DC-ve gives deeper penetration than DC+ve
b) AC gives greater deposition than DC-ve
c) DC-ve gives greater deposition than DC+ve

574} Lamellar Tearing detected by...?

a) RT
b) UT
c) Visual Inspection
575} According to BS EN, Consumables E50 3 B. In these 3 3B. In these 3 indicates....?

a) Toughness
b) Yield Strength
c) Chemical Composition
576} What would you consider while calibrating MIG welding operation?
a) Amps, Volts, Travel Speed, Gas rate Flow
b) Amps, Volts, Travel Speed, Welding Consumable
c) Amps, Volts, Travel Speed, CTWD
4
577} Oxy Fuel Cutting Chemical Reaction....?

a) Exothermic Reaction
b) Endothermic Reaction
c) Convection Reaction
578} Which one is solid state welding...?

a) Electro Slag
b) Friction
c) Resistance Welding
579} DPI.?
a) Variables of Contrast of paint
b) Variables of Type of Developer
c) Detect Sub Surface defect
580} Fillet Weld Fracture Surface is.?

a) Smooth and Curved Shaped
b) Flat and Rough Face
c) Crystalline Face
581) According to BS EN 22553, Which statement is true...?

a) Elementary Symbols placed on indication Line means weld on other side
b) Elementary Symbols placed on reference Line meane weld on arrow side
c) Elementary Symbols placed on reference Line meane weld on other side
d) None of the Above.
582) Pre heat is caried out...?

a) After Welding
b) Before Welding
5
c) Before Welding and Before next pass

d) None of the Above
583) Tack Welding...?

a) It is Important
b) Length and Position depends on material thickness and size
c) it always require preheat
d) None of the Above.
584) You noticed an excess penetration in a C-Mn welded country pipe line, what could be the reason... ?
a) Wrong Electrode
b) Contaminated Electrode
c) Excess Root Grinding
d) Large Root Face
585) Which type of electrode is not best for welding Cross country pipe line?
a) Basic
b) Rutile
c) Cellulose
d) Iron powder
586) What information does BS EN 1011 gives...?

a) Approval for WPS
b) Approval for Welder Qualification
c) Approval for Preheat
d) Approval for Destructive Testing
587) Which of the following has the great effect of current during MIG/MAG welding.?
a) Arc Length
6
b) Arc Voltage
c) Flow rate
d) WFS
588) Which of the following is not true about MIG/MAG...?

a) WFS is Constant
b) ARC length is Constant
c) Current is Constant
589) The main problem with solution treatment of stainless steel is that?
a) Controlling the rate of lhe temperature rate
b) Controling the cooling rate
c) The length of the soak period
d) High risk of distortion
590) Which type of weld would you associate with the joint
below a) plug in a T joint
b) A plug weld in a edge joint
c) A fillet weld in a corner joint
d) An edge weld in a lap joint
591) Which of the following welds may be made in open corner joint?
a) Plug weld
b) Butt weld
c) Fillet weld
d) Any of the above
592) Reference to any inspection hold point duning manufacture will be contained within the?
a) Quality manual
b) QA procedure
c) Quality plan
7
d) Standards
593) Who should have access to the WPS?

A). NDT operators
B). Inspectors
C). Welders only
D). Welders and inspectors
594) What is a STRA test?

a) Short track risk of area
b) Short transverse reduction in area
c) Shaved tensile reducing area
d) Strength to reduce area
595)During a transverse tensile test, the first stage the specimen goes through is known as?
a) Plastic stage
b) Elastic stage
c) Deformed stage
d) UTS stage
596) When welding on a construction site which type of power source would be considered to be the unsafe?
a) 110 volts mains
b) 440 volts mains machine
c)Diesel engine driven welding generators processes
d) All welding machines have the same safety factors
597) Which gas is not nomally used in TIG welding ?

a) Argon
b) Helium
8
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Hydrogen
598) With the DPI method of inspection, what should be crried out prior to applying the penetrant?
a) Apply developer
b) Wash off excess penetrant
c) Apply a thin coat of white contrast paint
d) Ensure the surface under inspection is free of all contaminants that may hinder penetrant access
to surface breaking flaws
599) The main requirements of TIG welding are?

a) Heat
b) Protection
c)Cleanliness
d) All of the above
600) Which of these tests would most probably be used for welder qualification on a plate butt weld using
13mm low carbon steel?
a) CTOD
b) Nick break test
c)Fracture Fillet test
d) IZOD
601) Stabilzation of austenitic stainless steel means?

a) Heat treating the SS at annealing temperature.
b) Adding titanium, niobium to take care of carbon.
c) To increase nickel in the composition.
602) When is a double wall single image technique used?

a) At all times.
9
b} When the pipe diameter is over 100 mm.

c) When the pipe diameter is less than 100 mm.
603) A welding procedure qualified in PA position may not be valid if welding needs to be done in PF?
a) The tensile strength of weld metal is more than 600 N/mm2
b) No NDT s done.
c) Impact requirements are specified.
d) No PWHT is caried out.
604) For ultrasonic testing which of the foliowing statements is true?

a) It is easy to identify all defects
b) The equipment should be calibrated before use
c) The equipment cannot be automated
d) Sound waves will not travel through copper
605) Which one of these joints would be more susceptible to lamellar tearing?
a) U butt
b) Vee butt
c) Double Vee butt
d) Compound weld
606) Which welding process produces the highest level of hydrogen?
a) TIG autogenous
b)MIG solid wire
c)FCAW
d) MMA basic electrodes
607) What is the minimum requirement of stress for hydrogen cracking to be applicable?
a) 0.5 N/mm2?
b) 0.5 joules of the yield
c) 0.5% of the yield of the material
10
d) 0.5 of the yield of the material
608) Preheating.
a) Is eways caried out around 200 C
b) Not greater than 50C
c) Is not generally required on medium carbon steel
D) Delays the cooling rate and improve fusion.
609) Bend test

a) Requires complex testing equipment
b) May be used for the pupose of welder approval.
c) May be used for the purpose of welding procedure approval
d) Both b and c.
610) An essential variable,

a) if changed from the approved WPS, may require a need of new approval.
b) Has no effect on the WPS' consumables.
c) Has no effecd on the essential welding Pparameters on the approval.
611) Bend testing. ssess the

a) Is a quanttative test that allows tne exalminer to assess the susceptibility of lamellar tearing.
b) Is conducted on procedure qualífications, as it gives a true indication of ductility and sound weld
metal fusion.
c) Does not require being done if NDT examinations shows no defects whatsoever.
D) Allows us to determine the skill of a welder.
612) Fracture testing.

a) Is frequently used to assess the strength of a fillet weld.
b) Is frequently used to assess the strength of a butt weld.
11
c) Detects lack of root penetration in fillet welds.

d) Both a and b.
613) Preheating.
a) Increases weld zone yield strength and removes moisture.
b) Increases weld zone toughness and removes moisture.
c) Reduces weld zone UTS value and removes hydrogen.
614) In which position would weaving need to be done?

a) PA
b) PB
c)PF
d) PG
615) Flat characteristics,

a) Work on the basis that a large change in voltage equals a small change in amperage.
b} Work on the basis that if voltage is changed, amperage automatically changes.
c) Work on the principle that if amperage changes voltage automatically changes
d) Work on the basis that if voltage Is changed amperage will dramatically change.
616) Re is a tem,
a) Used to express maximum elastic point
b) Used to express maximum plastic point
c) Used to express UTS.
d) Used to express the elbngation value.
617) Necking
a) Is when the elastic point is reached.
b) Is when the proof stress is reached.
c) is when the specimen has gone past is elastic point and moving zone.
12
d) Is the point just betore failure.
618) Transition range,

a) Is the poirt between yeild and UTS.
b) Is the range between the lowest interpass temperature and interpass temperature where welding
can tke place.
c) Is a range plot in charpy impact testing.
d) Is the range curve for hardness testing.
619) A STRA test will give,

a) Percentage reduction area
b) Percentage increase in area
c)Percentage increase in hardness
d) Percentage reduction
620) What level of diffusible hydrogen is considered as low hydrogen?

a) -<5 ml
b) > 15 ml
c) -< 20 ml
d) >25 ml
621) The outpute characteristics of a typical SAW power source for less than 1000 amps?
a) Constant current
b) Constant voltage
c) Drooping
d) Pulsing
622) Which of the following standard relates to welding procedure approval?

a) a.BS EN 2560
b) b.BS EN 15614 +ASME IX
C)c.BS EN 22553
d) d.BS EN 287+ ASME IX
13
623) According to BS EN 22553 a weld symbol on the dashed line refers

to, a) On the arrow side
b) In the fish tail
c) Double sided weld
d) ldentification line.
624) The main purpose of CEV is to estimate?

a) Ductility
b) Weldabilty
c) Hardenability
d) Malleability
625) Constant current?

a) it is so called because the current never varies.
b) it is used for self adjusting arc process.
c) Only varies by a small amperage.
d) Requires an AC output.
626) In MIG/MAG welding, inductance helps

control, a) Spatter
b) Voltage
c) Current
d) Travel speed
627) A typical temperature for tempering carbon manganese steel?

a) 850-920 C
b) 550-700 C
c) 500-520 C
d) 950- 980 C
14
628) Weldment in C-Mn steel made up of high heat input may show?
a) Longer HAZ
b) Wider HAZ
c) Narrow HAZ
d) Deeper HAZ
629) When measuring arc voltage, where should the Measuring instrument be kept?
a) Further away from the welder
b) As close to the return as possible
c) Further away from the retum load
d) As close to the welder as possible
630) An MMA electrode is designed as E430R type, what does "0" mean?
a) a.47 J at-20 C
b) b.47 J at 0 C
c) c.47 J at +20 C
d) d.47 J at-10 C
631) The main reason that hard stamping is prohibited in some structure that it may cause?
a) Work material
b) Corrosion initiation
c) Failure initiation point
d) Thinning df the material
632) Plasma cutting can be applied

to, a) Any material
b) Aluminium alloys
c) Stainless steel
d) Carbon steel
633) You could determined that an electrode is cellulose by

its a) BS 639 coding
15
b) Colour
c) Trade name
d) BS 499 coding
634) On a single-V butt weld the distance through the center of the weld from root to face is
called a) Reinforcement
b) Penetration
c) Throat thickness
635) The possible effects of having a travel speed too fast:

a) Low toughness, slag inclusions and undercut
b) High hardness, slag inclusions and a narrowv thin weld bead
c) High hardness, excessive deposition and cold laps
d) Low toughness, poor fusion and slag inclusions
636) What does the 70 represent on a E7010 AWS Classified electrode?

a) 70 N/mm2 minimum U.T.S.
b) 70 N/mm2 maximum U.T.S.
C) 70,00 psi minimum U.T.S.
d) 70,000 psi minimum yield strength
637) In TIG welding the nozzle is usually made:

a) Copper
b) Aluminum
c)Ceramic
d) Copper/Zinc
638) Which material property has the greatest infiuence on distortion that occurs in welded joints?
a) yield strength
b) co-effcient of thermal expansion
16
c) tensile ductility
d) co-eficient of electrical conductivity
639) What is the main purpose of microscopic examination of a

weld a) to determine the number and type of defect present.
b) to determine the grain size.

c) to determine the strength of weld
d) both a and b
e) all of the above
640) If a steel has a Cev of 0.48%:

a) PWHT would always be necessary
b) It will probably require a pre-heat temperature above 300°C prior to welding
c) It will probably require a pre-heat temperature above 100°C prior to welding
d) The heat affected zone will be very tough
641) The hardest part of a multi-pass welded joint, assuming no post weld heat treatment has have
taken place is:
a) The HAZ of the cap
b) The HAZ of the root
c) The root
d) The cap
642) Which of the following welding process is not as classed as arc welding process?
a) electro slag welding
b) thermit welding
c) plasma welding
d) a and b
e) all of above
643) Which of the following elements if present in significant quantities in steel may lead to cold
shortness a) Sulphu
b) Phosphorus
17
c) Silicon
d) Copper
644) E6014 electrode would most probably used for

welding a) Low pressure pipework
b) High-pressure pipework
c)Vertical down welding on storage tanks
d) In a situation where low hydrogen welds are specified
645) Which of the following flame types would you expect to be used for the cutting
of mild steel?
a) Carburising flame
b) Oxidizing flame
c) Reducing flame
d) Neutral flame
646) Which of the following statemenis is true when using a flat characteristic power source?
a) The electrode is always dc -ve
b) The shielding is always pure argon
c) The wire feed speed remains constant
d) The electrode extension will have no effect on weld quality
647) When welding a double V butt joint with SAW process the presence of centerline porosity may be
due to
a) Damp flux
b) Contaminated joint preparation
c) Incorrect stick out lengths
d) All of the above
648) In accordance with BS 5135 what is the recommended minimum time allowed for the pre
heat temperature to equalize?
a) 2 Min for each 25 mm of parent material thickness
b) 5 Min for each 25 mm of parent material thickness
18
c) 2 Min for each 50 mm of parent material thickness

d) 5 Min for each 50 mm of parent material thickness
649) Which of the following units is used to express heat input?

a) joules
b) N/mm2
c) J/mm2
d) KJ/mm
650) Defects outside of the limits specified in a standard should always

be... a) repaired
b) reported to a senior person

c)assessed along the with other defects
d) all of the above
651) Which of the following is applicable of the heat treatment process of normalizing C-Mn
steel a) it always carried out below the lower critical limit
b) it is carried out to ensure the material has maximum tensile strength
c) it is caried out to ensure the material is to maximum ductility and malleability in preparation
d) it is carried out at approx. 910C for the purpose of grain refinement
652) An transverse tensile test from a weld procedure approval record test plate is
used to measure
a) the tensile strength of the weld

b) the tensile strenth of the joint
c) the stress strain characteristics of the weld
d) thestres strain characteristics of the joint
653) Macroscopic examination requires any specimen to be

inspected a) Once, after etching
19
b) Twice before and after etching

654) Aweave technique may give rise

to a) Better profile
b) Improve toe blending

c) Improved ripple shape
d) all of the above
655) The main cause of porosity

is a) Poor access
b) Loss of gas shield
c) Dirty materials
d) All of the above
656) If pipe bores are not matched correctly it can result

in a) Lack of root penetration
b) Incorrect gap setting
c) excessive root faces
d) Over heating during welding
657) A correctly made tack weld should slope from the middle of the ends in order
to a) Aid better penetration at join up
b) Prevent porosity at join up

c) Reduce the electrode size required
d) Reduce the overall consumable consumption
658) Which of the following destructive test is not required for welder
approval a) Bend test
b) macro examination
c)Impact test
20
d) Fracture test
659) Too large a diameter of filler rod should not be used to make a welded
joint because
a) excess reinforcement profile will be difficult to obtain
b) The included bevel angle will have to be reduced
c) Root fusion may be difficult to obtain

d) The gap setting will have to be changed
660) In SAW which of the following width to depth ratios would be likely to result
in solidification
a) 1:3
b) 4:1
c) 3:1
d) 1:1
661) The second run in three run butt weld using the stove pipe technique is known
as a) Filing run
b) hot pass
c) Inter run
d) Sealing run
662) The purpose of nick break specimen is to provide a test for

a) Tensile strength and fracture appearance
b) ductility and fracture appearance

c) elongation and fracture appearance
d) Soundness and fracture appearance
663) A root bend test is used to test the amount of weld

a) Ductilitly
b) Elongation
21
c) Hardness
d) Penetration
664) What would be observed if a fillet weld were sectioned and macro etched
a) the grain of other beads is coarser than the final bead
b) The penetration and fusion into the root is very deep

c) each bead appears to be distinctly separate from the adjoining beads
d) The grain structure remains same in all passes
665) The different grain structure between the weld deposit and the base metal can be determined by
a) Face bend test
b) Root bend test
c) Hardness test
d) Etching test
666) Columnar growth takes place when a metal is

a) Cold
b) Losing heat
c) being heated
d) Being rolled
667) What happens to the mechanical properties of the steel if the carbon content is
increased to 0.5%?
a) Material becomes softer
b) Malleability is increased
c) Tensile strength is increased
d) Ductility is increased
668) When a metal is subjected to a fluctuating load,a condition of a cylic stressing can be set up which
eventually can result in structural breakdown known as
a) Tensile failure
22
b) Fatigue failure
c) Yield failure
d) Shear failure
669) Percentage elongation of a metal undergoing a tensile test is a measures of

a) Elasticity
b) Plasticity
c) Ductility
d) Malleability
670) When depositing weld metal fusion will takes place at the sides of the joint resulting in an admixture
between weld metal and parent metal. this alloying effect is known as
a) Diffusion
b) Absorption
c) Dilution.
d) Migration
671) Cold cracking is most likely to occur in weldment

a) Rate of cooling is too fast
b) Rate of cooling is too slow
c) It lacks ductility at high temperature
d) Impurities are present at their grain boundaries
672) Low alloy steels having a hign caroon equivalent before welding will require
a) A reduction in carbon content
b) High pre heat temperature

c) Low pre heat temperatures
d) No pre heating
673) The electrodes for welding low alloy steels should be

a) Used with a low current value
23
b) One size larger than for general purpose electrodes

c)Used for welding in a flat position
d) Heating in a drying oven before use
674) An electroslag weld requires what heat treatment to improve the grain structure
a) Annealing
b) Stress relieving
c) Normalising
d) Quenching and tempering
675) Weld decay in stainless steels can be avoided by

a) Stress relieving
b) Slow cooling after welding
c) Addition of more manganese to steel
d) Addition of titanium to the steel
676) Cold cracking is most likely to occur in a weldment if

a) The rate if cooling is too fast
b) The rate if cooling is too slow
c) It lacks ductility at low temperature
d) Impurities are present at its grain boundaries
677) The overall length of a pipeline can be affected by

a) Transverse shrinkage
b) Longitudinal shrinkage
c) Angular shrinkage
d) Circumferential shrinkage
678) The permanent backing material for MMA welding of low carbon steels should be
made from
a) Copper
b) low carbon steel
24
c) QT steel
d) Cast iron
679) A basic electrode would normally be

a) Have superior mechanical properties
b) Require baking before use
c) Not to be used on low carbon steels

d) Both A and B
680) Carbon equivalent values are used to determine

a) weldability aspects
b) Crack sensitivity aspects

c) Typical mechanical properties
d) All of thee above
681) A tensile test will assess

a) Impact values
b) Stress
c) Strain
d) Both B and C
682) The correct tem for cap height

a) reinforcement
b) Cap profile height

c)Excess weld metal
d) All of the above
683) A welding inspectors main attributes include

a) Knowledge and experience
b) Literacy
c) Honesty and integrity
25
d) All of the above
684) Hot shortness is a term used to indicate

a) Lamellar tearing
b) Solidification cracking
c) Hydrogen cracking
685) Hydrogen controlled electrodes were developed principally for

a) The prevention of porosity
b) The prevention of cracking
c) The enhancement of arc voltage
d) Their ease of arc starting
686) E 46 0 1Ni where 0 represents

a) 47°J at +20° C
b) 47° J at 0°C
c) 47° J at -20°C
d) 47°J at -10°C
687) Below which is the correct terminology? (Contact Tip Workpiece Distance)
a) CTWD increases, Voltage decreases

b) CTWD decreases, Current decreases
c) CTWD decreases, Voltage increases
d) CTWD decreases, Current increases
688) In MAG inductance provides control over

a) Spatter
b) Voltage
c) Current
d) Droplets
689) Spatter is caused by

26
a) Damp electrodes
b) Excessive current
c) Change in electrical settings
d) All of the above
690) Solidification crack occurs in Carbon Manganese Steel. To avoid this?

a) PWHT
b) Reduce the carbon content in the weld metal
c) Copper inclusion in the weld metal
691) In Magnetic Particle Inspection we can found?

a) Internal flaws
b) Inter-run fusion
c) External flaws
d) All of the above
692) PRODS related to

a) PRODS with UT
b) PRODS with MT
c) PRODS with Eddy current
d) PRODS with RT
693) Which one is possible ?

a) Butt with edge
b) Slot with lap
c) Plug with edge
d) Tee with corner
694) In MIG, the included angle for Aluminium?

a) 35 degree
b) 60 degree
c)120 degree
27
d) 90 degree
695) A welding procedure qualified for PA can be used for PF position?

a) PWHT is not mentioned
b) Weld metal tensile strength is above 70,000psi
c)Impact value is required
d) none of the abovve
696) Constant Current?

a) Current remains constant
b) Ampere slightly varies
c) Arc length automatically adjusted
d) Current drastically raised when there is change in voltage.
697) If Weaving is reduced?

a) Higher heat input
b) Higher hardness
c) Higher toughness
d) All of the above
698) If carbon equivalent value is increased?

a) Hardenability
b) Weld ability
c) Higher preheat
d) Lower preheat
699) E7018 electrode should be

a) Dried up and use for welding
b) Be baked at 350° for 1 hr.
c) Be baked at 150° for 1 hr.
d) Directly used for welding
28
700) In RT for 100mm diameter pipe. which technique is used?

a) Single side - single image
b) Single side - double image
c) Double side- single image
d) Double side - double image
701) In RT- 80mm diameter pipe, thickness 30mm?

a) Iridium 191
b) Cobalt 59
c) Cobalt 60
d) Iridium 192
702) AWS - BS weld symbols difference?

a) Both standards other side operations are same
b) Both standards use the same welding sequence
c) Both standards mention the same at the tail
d) Both standards mention the same peripheral weld
703) FCAW welding process?

a) 131
b) 141
c) 135
d) 136
704) The MAG welding process code is

a) 141 represents SAW process
b) 131 & 135 represents MAG welding process
c) 121 represents MIG welding process
705) High heat input?

a) MMA
b) TIG
29
c) MAG
d) SAW
706) Arc Voltage where to measure?

a) Far away from the welder
b) Near to the return connection
c)Close to the welder
d) Away from the return connection
707) Heat input excessively high?

a) Higher toughness
b) Higher hardness
c) Lower toughness
d) Lower hardness
708) which of the following is fusion welding process?

a) Resistance welding
b) Explosive Welding
c) Braze welding
d) Friction Welding
709) Which of the following electrode coding in BS EN E50 3 1NI B 140 0 1 H5, what does the 3 represent
a) a minimum charpy value of 30 joule
b) a minimum impact value of 47 joule
c) a minimum impact temperature of -30°C at a given joule value
710) What would be the effect in haz if the heat input use higher than specified in wps?
a) longer haz
b) wider haz
c) deeper haz
d) narrow haz
711) What element have in tig electrodes

30
a) iridium
b) silica
c) cerium
d) titanium
712) When MIG welding aluminum alloy in the overhead position which current type would be expected to
be used.
a) AC
b) 2.DC-ve
c) 3.Drooping
d) 4.DC +ve
713) Which of the following test would you normally expect a test house to use for the assessment of HAZ
hardness, for procedure approval in the UK?
a) Rockwell
b) 2.CTOD
c) 3.Brinel
d) 4. Vickers
714) Which of the following defects are not associated with the MMA (SMAW) welding process?
a) Isolated pores
b) Lack of fusion
c) Undercut
d) Tungsten inclusions
715) In SAW a higher current or in the case of multiple electrode systems. AC is often preferred to:
a) Avoid the problem of lack of fusion
b) Avoid the problem of excess penetration
c) Avoid the problem of arc blow
d) Avoid the problem of dilution
716) On some applications (i.e. Cladding operations) by SAW, DC electrode negative is needed to:
a) Reduce penetration and dilution
b) Increase penetration and dilution
31
c) Reduce penetration and increase dilution

d) Increase penetration and reduce dilution
717) What is the mode of metal transfer for the TIG (GTAW) welding process?
a) Spray transfer
b) Globular transfer
C)Dip transfer
718) What would the effect be if the polarity were changed from DC+Ve to DC-Ve?
a) None
b) Greater deposition rate
c) Greater penetration
d) Less deposition rate
719) You notice that a welder is using an unapproved WPS for production tack welding carbon steel, what
action would you take?
a) Have the tack removed and MPI the weld preparation for cracking
b) Nothing as it is only tack welds and they will probably be removed anyway
c) Nothing as long as the WPS Covered the material type, wall thickness and diameter
d) Give him the correct approved one and allow him to continue as long as the welding
consumables were the correct type
720) In welder qualification testing of 20 mm plates, why are side bends used instead of root and face
bends?
a) They are easier to produce
b) The testing equipment cannot handle thick root/face bends
c) Root defects are not important for welder qualification
d) They give more accurate indications
721) Weld Decay will cause which of the following problems

a) A reduced resistance to corrosion
b) A lower tensile strength

c) The toughness is reduced
32
d) The hardness will increase
722) Why is it essential to clean the surrounding parent metal adjacent to the weld metal made by MMA
(SMAW), which is to be ultrasonically tested?
a) Sound waves will not travel through weld
b) Remove any rust
c) The spatter will impade the contact probe and the parent material surface
d) Spatter will reflect the back wall echo signal and give indications
723) Which of the following would not be required to be checked before welding?
a) The welding consumables
b) The welder qualification
c) Calibration of welding equipment
d) The workshop humidity
724) According to AWS 2.4 where does the symbol go for welding on the arrow side?
a) Below solid line
b) Above solid line
c) Depends on the joint
d) Always weld other side arrow is pointing
725) In intermittent fillet welds, BS EN 22553 and AWS 2.4 differ in

a) The way of which staggering & show
b) The plot distance difference
c) Both the above
726) Root and face bends an 8mm thickness weld require testing. The specimen are cut to 20mm wide the
code calls for a 4t bend which one of the following former should be selected for testing.
a) 80mm radius
b) 80mm diameter
c) 32mm radius
d) 32mm diametet
33
727) One of the factors used to avoid HAZ hydrogen cracking is to reduce the influence of hydrogen by
checking the amount of moisture present in the shielding gas by the dew point temperature. The
dew point temperature should be
a) Above 5°C
b) Below 60°C
c) Below 30°C
d) Above 27°C
728) How is preheat for tack welds during assembly and fit-up determined?
a) By the weders as they have extensive knowledge
b) The fabricaton specification/WPS will give the requirements
c) The fabrication drawing will give all the information
d) Any temperature wil do as it is only a tack weld
729) Dunng Inspection of a fillet weld you notice slag in the toes of the weld, what action will you take?
a) As a fillet weld does not need to be strong slag will not be a problem
b) Measure the slag if it is less than 3mm it will not be a problem
c) Have the welder remove the slag as this could mask any discontinuities
d) Tell the welder to leave the slag in as it will add strength to the weld
730) IN a transverse WELD tensile test, If the break was in the parent material, the sample would be
a) Rejected
b) Acceptable if the UTS is equal to or greater than the specified UTS of the plate
c) Retested
d) Acceptable if the UTS 80-90% of the specified UTS of the plate
731) Charpy testing is caried out on a welding procedure test plate because?
a) It gives an indication of the through thickness ductility (in the Z direction)
b) The impact test results can be used to verify that the material has not been adversely affected by
the heat of the welding
c) It give an indication of the materials elongation properties
d) It gives a quick indication of the weld quality for welder qualification tests
34
732) When examining a completed bend test the angle of the bend was found to be 175Deg. the testing
specification calls for the sample to have been fomed through 180 Deg.
a) The bend should be considered as failed
b) They should be sent to 180deg then re-examined
c) They should be acceptable as the reduction in angle is due to material spring back
d) They should be rejected as the angle is not close enough to be acceptable
733) Which one of these values would be more susceptible to lamellar tearing?
a) Greater than 20%
b) Less than 20%
c) 30% above
d) They would all be susceptible
734) Lamellar tearing is a problem in steels which is always associated with

a) Sensitization in the HAZ
b) Low through thickness ductility
c) Hydrogen levels above 15mU100g of weld metal
d) Rapid cooling from above the upper critical
735) When using DC + ve polarty. wtat is the typical OCV?

a) 10-40V
b) 50-90V
c)100-14V
d) 200-240V
736) When MMA welding what will be the effect on the weld if the electrodes was changed fram DC-ve tu
AC
a) None
b) It would have been easier for the welder to strike the arc
c) It would slighty increase the depth of penetration
d) It would give less penetration
737) You find that contractor has carned out radiography as per 10 % contractual percetage requred by the
speciication / Code. The specification also insists that an addtional 2 welds are radiographed for
35
every weld that has failed. One of the pipe spools had an unacceptable defect, which the contractor
has ignored and radiographed another weld in tis place, which is acceptable, what would your
course of action be?
a) As long as the other radiographed butt weld is acceptable its ok as the 10% contractual
percentage required by the specification/code has been satisfied
b) This is usual practice as 10% NDT is not really important
c) Review the onginal failed weld and insist that they have the additional 2 welds radiographed
d) Review the original failed weld and have it repaired, radiographed. Then I would insist that they
have an additional 2 welds radiographed
738) During post weld heat treatment what is the sequence for the PWHT chart?
a) Resticted heating rate, soak time, unrestricted cooling rate
b) Un Restricted heating rate, Restricted heating rate, soak time, restricted cooling rate,
unrestricted cooling rate
c) Restricted heating sate, soak time, restricted cooling rate
d) Restricated hesting rate, unrestricted heating rate, soak time, restricted cooling rate,
unrestricated cooling rate
739) Hydrogen induced old creaking (HICC) is often referred to by other names that desoribes verious
characteristics of hydrogen cracks, which one of the following would not be correct term as applied
to HICC?
a) Cold creking
b) Deleyed Creking
c) under-bead creking
d) stepped like creking
740) Slag line found in MMA welds are usually associated with:
a) The voltage being too low
b) The Open circuit current being too high
c) Improper cleaning between weld runs
d) Low open circuit voltage
741) What is the major difference between code and Standard?

a) Code is a specific Product
b) Code are mandatory
c) Standard is extracted for code
36
742) MMA, TIG and SAW...?

A) All use a Flat characteristics
b) All use a Constant Voltage Characteristics
C) all used a dropping Characteristics
D) MMA and Tig use a dropping Characteristics and saw always use flat Characteristics
743) During production welding, is welder allowed to adjust the welding current?
a)Yes, he can adjust the current, If he is qualified
b) No, except the welding supervisor approves
c) No, Current must not be adjusted
744) Tig Welding. ?

a) Is not used in welding of 306L
b) Used in AC and DC Current for all material
c) Used only in DC +ve
d) Not used for Austenitic Stainless steel
745) Pre heat requires....?

a) Knowledge of CEV, Hydrogen Scale and Material Thickness
b) Only the material shape and residual stress
c) Answer A is correct but more information needed
d) Answer B is correct to determine preheat
746) Tensile Test detemines...?

a) Toughness
b) Hardness
c) Re Only
d) Rm and Re
747) The penetration power ot X-ray is measured..?

a) Curies
37
b) Kilo Volts
c) Joules
d) Electron Volts
748) Which of the following in an inspection point in SAW

a) Flux mesh size
b) Gas type
c)tungsten size
d) gas flow rate
749) Why is hot pass so called

a) Because it is applied at a high amperage
b) Because it is applied when the root is still hot
c) Because it could cause hot shortness
d) Because it heat treats the root
750) Cold lap is another tem for

a) Lack of fusion
b) Low amperage
c)Undercut
d) hydrogen cracking
751) Preheat prior to welding

a) Must aways be carried out
B) Need not be carried out if post heat treatment is to follow
C) is always carried out using gas flame
d) All of the above
e) None of the above
752) The main purpose of the black light for fluorescent PT

a) To magnify indications
b) To make the indications visible
c) To develop indications
38
d) To speed up inspection
753) The correct term for a joint prepared on one component only is
a) A bevel butt
b) A'J butt
C) A'K butt
d) All of the above
754) The likelihood of brittle fracture in steel will increase with?

a) A large grain formation
b) a reduction of in service temperature to sub zero temperature
c) ferritic rather than austenitic steel
d) all of above
755) How do you convert psi to N/mm2;

a) Divide by 144.9.
b) Multiply by 25.4.
c) Divide by 14.7.
d) Multiply by 14.7.
756) martensite grain structure:

a) Is always present in welds on steel,
b) Is brittle grain structure.
c) Is obtained when the preheat temperature exceeds 200*c.
757) How many Mpa are equal to 1 N/mm2;

a) 144.9.
b) 25.4.
c) 14.7.
d) 1.
758) If arc strikes are found on carbon steel (Ceq of 5%), what undesirable grainstructure may be present?
39
a) Perlite.
b) Martensite.
c) Bainite.
d) All of the above are undesirable grain stuctures in constructional steels.
759) Most metals expand when heated, the change in length is expressed as:
a) Thermal conductivity.
b) Modulus of elasticity.
c) Coefficient.
d) Yielding.
760) Name the fourth weld process crack which has a totally different formation mechanism to HICC (H2
induced cold crack), solidification cracking and lamellar tearing
a) Liquation cracking.
b) Reheat cracking.
c) Crater cracking.
d) Hot tearing.
761) Which arc welding process technique is likely to be used to repair localized porosity in a weld;
a) MMA
b) Mechanised arc welding.
c) Sub Arc.
d) All of the above
762) E6013 electrode would most probably used for welding.

a) Low pressure pipe work.
b) High pressure pipe work.
c)Vertical down welding on storage tank.
D) In a situation when low nyarogen welds are specified
763) Which of the following is applicable if the heat input is high during a deposition of weld metal using
the MMA process
a) low toughness
b) high susceptible Of hydrogen entrapment
40
c) high hardness
d) high susceptible of lack of fusion
764) The fusion Boundary of a fillet weld is the:

a) Boundary between the weld metal and HAZ.
b) Boundary between individual weld runs.
c)Depth of root penetration
d) Boundary between the HAZ and parent material.
765) Which of the following welding process uses a resistive heating system to achieve weld metal
deposition?
a) MMA
b) Resistant spot welding
c) Electro-slag
d) Friction welding
766) Which of the following could contribute to distortion?

a) Internal porosity.
b) Incorrect weld pass sequence
c) Slag inclusions.
d) Inadequate root face.
767) Which of the following defects will have more severe effect on the load bearing condition?
a) Undercut
b) Incomplete filled groove
c) Irregular width
d) Excess penetration
768) Which of the following may be classed as liquation material to steel

a) copper
b) sulphur
c) zinc
d) all of above
41
769) Preheating may not be necessary during welding in which of the following cases
a) Welding of cast iron
b) Welding of low alloy steels
c) Welding of Manganese steels
d) Welding if austenitic stainless steels
770) In nick break specimen the notch is removed.

a) longitudinal with the weld axis
b) transverse with the weld axis

c) from all weld metal
d) by machining
771) Carbon dioxide shielding is NOT suitable for MAG Welding of Austenitic stainless steel
a) Carbon di oxide is heavier gas
b) Carbon dioxide is an actve gas
c)Heat content of these gas is very high
d) There is Insufticient gas coverage
772) A visual examination arter welding will reveal which of the following
a) overlap
d) internal porosity
c) weld inclusions above the hot pass
d) under bead cracks
773) In SAW process if voltage and current is increased and travel speed is decreased, What will be the
effect in the profile
a) Wider weld.
b) Higher weld reinforcement.
c) Concave weld surface.
d) Both a and b
774) What is mean by terms of duty cycle?

42
a) How long a welder can weld in given period

b) The amount of time the electrode being is used.
c) The amount of time welding machine can be used.
d) The amount electricity being consumed
775) Submerged Arc Welding utilises

a) Deep penetration characteristic
b) High deposition rate on DC+ve
c) Flat PA welding only.
776) Which of the following AWS A5.1electrodes has a rutile covering?

a) E 6010
b) E 7016
c) E 7018
d) E 6013
777) When a longitudinal load is put on a lap joint, the stress set up is normally;
a) Shear stress.
b) Tensile stress.
c) Compressive stress.
d) Residual stress.
778) When using the GMAW process for aluminium the liner should made of
a) nylon
b) graphite
c) steel.
d) Teflon
779) Which electrodes are very susceptible to causing porosity in the deposited weld if long arc employed
a) basic
b) cellulosic
c) rutile
d) all of above
43
780) A lack of root penetration difference from a lack of root fusion defects in which of the following
respects
a) they are the same and do not different
b) lack of root penetration shows two straight edges
c) lack of root fusion shows one straight edges
d) both b & c are true
781) Which is the following may increase the risk of HAZ cracking the welding in carbon manganese steels
a) slow cooling after welding
b) low moisture content in the electrode covering
c) use of a steel grade with a low CEV
d) use of a low heat input
782) Stray arc are undesirable since they:

a) Leave a poor surface finish.
b) Cause weld metal cracking.
c) Reduce corrosion resistance.
d) Cause local hardening and cracking in the parent material
783) Which material is most suscepibe to re-heat creckinn

a) High carbon steel
b) Killed steel
c) Creep resistance steel
d) Austenitic stainless steel
784) If magnification is used for visual inspection in according with BS EN IS0 17637 it should be magnified
how many times
a) 5-10
b) 2-5
c) 2-10
d) as many as required finding the defects
785) Which of the following influence the amount of distortion on a component during and after welding?
44
a) heat input
b) lack of restraint
c) material properties
d) all of above
786) In a single pass weld, which of the zone in which longitudinal residual stress are tensile is,
a) Independent of the weld width
b) Narrow then the weld metal
c) Same width as weld metal
d) Wider than the weld metal and HAZ
787) What is the problem with restraint resistance during welding?

a) it does not a problem
b)it may lead to cracking.especially with small welds between large component
c) it cause distortion
d) restraint is term not used in relation to welding
788) In general thicker materials required higher pre heat temperatures, but for a given CEV and arc
energy heat input, they are likely to remain similar for wall thicknesses up to approximately
a) a.10mm
b) b.20mm
c) c.40mm
d) d.50mm
789) Post flow function in TIG welding is

a) Avoid tungsten contamination
b) Cool the weld during solidification

c) Give welder time to adjust welding condition
d) Purge the gas line
790) Which of the following is applicable to electrode efficiency?
a) the mass of metal deposit as a percentage of the mass of the core melted
b) iron powder electrode have efficiency above 100%
c) electrode of high efficiency tend to produce weld of a smooth flat profile
45
d) a and b
e) all of above
791)Chromium, when added to steel as an alloying element, has the effect of making the alloy more:
a) Ductile.
b) Plastic.
c) Hardenable.
d) Malleable
792) To BS EN ISO 15614 an essential variable influences the

a) the amount of skill the welder has
b) mechanical properties of the joint
c) quality of the joint
d) mechanical & metallurgical properties of the joint
793) A weld joint between dissimilar material types is known as

a) homogenous wed
b) mismatch weld
c)transition weld
d) compound weld
794) What is main difference between EN and ASME Welding procedures

a) NDT requirements
b) bends requirements
c) tensile requirements
d) visual acceptance
795) Which one of the following codes/ standards is not a qualfication code?
a) ASME section IX
b) AWS D1.1
c) EN IS0 15614
d) ASME B31.3
46
796) Arc welding of some machine fittings are found to be cadmium plated. As a welding inspector you
should
a) Permit to proceed
b) Permit to proceed with fume extraction
c) Stop the operation at once
d) Advice welder to proceed after some time
797) The differences blw BS EN 22553 and AWS 2.4 welding symbols are
a) Both having same rule for depicting weld all around
b) Both having same rule for depicting other side
c) Both having same rule for depicting sequence of operations
d) Both having same method for depicting welding process
798) In fusion weld which of the following has the highest tensile strength?
a) Weld metal
b) Parent metal
c) Heat affected zone

d) Fusion Zone
799) Which of the following would require highest preheat if all other factors were same?
a) MMA weld with Cellulbsic electrodes
b) MMA weld with Rutile electrodes
c) MMA weld with Basic electrodes
d)MAG weld with solid wire
800) Why would visual inspection of the excess weld metal at the bottom of the cross country ppeline be
important
a) Its the most difficut area to weld
b) Its the difficut part of pipe as it is near the ground
c)Welder aways forget to weld at bottom
d) Its most dificut area to radiograph
801) Shinkage stresses are greater when welding metals that have
a) a high coefficient of thermal expansion
47
b) no restraint
c) a low coefficient of expansion
d) a high meting point
802) Which of the folowing is nomaly true?

a) Impact energy is specified in N/mm2
b) Heat input is specified in Kl/mm2
c) Yield strength specified in N/mm2
d) Diffusible hydrogen in ml
803) SAW in single pass weld will give

a) Poor profile.
b) Burm rapidly.
c) Good penetration.
804) When comparing properties of plain carbon steel and austentic stainless steel foilowing
measurements true?
a) Carbon steel have better thermal conductivity
b) Stainless steel have low expansion and contraction
C)Carbon steel have higher expansion rate in the Z direction
d) Stainless steel have lowest chromium
805) What are the possible results of having a too lower heat input
a) An increase in hardness, lower yield strength and lack of fusion.
b) A reduction in toughness, hydrogen entrapment and an increase in hardness.
c) Entrapped hydrogen, an increase in hardness and lack of fusion.
d) Entrapped hydrogen, a reduction in carbon content and lack of fusion.
806) Which of the following defect could occur when Welding with autogenous tig welders of non de-
oxidized steel
A) undercut
B) porosity
C) tungsten inclusion
48
D) lack of fusion
807) When referring to Austenitic stainless with one of the following statement would be correct
A) it is magnetic under certain conditions
B) it has a low coefficient of thermal expansion and high coeficients of thermal conductivity
C) it has high coefficient of thermal expansion and low coeficients of thermal conductivity
808) The use of fiux with gas shielded metal arc welding allowe
a) sheet metal to be welded
d) less diution of the weld by the parent metal
c) aluminium to be welded
d) a stable arc when using hign current densities
809) In the GTAW process the use of pulsed current helps in achieving which of the following?
a) electron cleaning effect and penetration
b) Controlling heat input and penetration
c) Controlling lack of sidewall fusion and heat input
d) Controlling spatter and penetration
810) Austenitic stainless steel not susceptible for HIC because?

a) they are magnetic
d) they are highly ductie
c) they do not harden during heating and cooling
d) they are stainless@ contain chromum
811) In a fillet weld fracture test the specimen is broken with

a) The fillet weld in tension
b) The fillet weld in compression
c) No specific method need to be adapted
d) Suitable machining
812) A welder qualified in the PG position would normally be qualified for welding:
a) All diameters of pipe.
49
b) Welding positions PA, PG and PF.

c) In position PG only.
d) All pipe wall thickness.
813) The welder has increased electrode stick out length of the SAW set, what would be the effect on the
weld
a) No effect
b)wed width would be narrow
c)penetration will be increased
d) deposition rate would be greater if the wire speed rate is also increased
814) Which heat treatment methods can be applied to a material to give maximum toughness?
a) Normalising
b) Tempering
c) Annealing
d) Both A &B
815) Which of the folowing materials is considered to be the easiest to weld?

a) mild steel
b) medium carbon steel
c)martensitic stainless steel
d) forging steel.
816) Which of the folowing best describes a semi automatic welding process?
a) The welder is responsible for the arc gap and travel speed.
b) The welder is responsible for the travel speed only.
c)The welding plant controls both travel speed and arc gap but under Constant supervision.
d) The welding plant controls both travel speed and arc gap, no Supervision required.
817) What action must the welding inspector request if a lamination is found extending into the bevel face:
a) Cut back the material until a lamination free area is found.
b) Accept the bevel unless the lamination exceeds 5mm.
c) Place a sealing run over the lamination and dress flush, then make the weld as normal.
50
d) Action to take will depend on the agreed specification (or welding engineer client if specification
does not state the action).
818) Which of the following statement is true

a) The core wire in a MMA electrode has a higher melting point than the flux
b) Electrode dc +ve is used when welding with the GMAW process
c) The HAZ of the C-Mn steel weld usually has the lower tensile strength than the weld
d) All are true
819) which of the following weld process would you expect to use a collet
a) TIG
d) All of the above
c) MMA
b) MIG
820) which of the following is a method to accurately measure the root radius of a charpy or izod specimen
a) Use a pyrometer
b) Use vernier calliper
c) Use a machine called shadow graph
d) Use a densitometer
821) sodium silicate in MMA electrode flux

a) Stabilises the arc
b) Binds the ingredients of flux
c) Forms slag
d) All of the above
822) When MMA welding what will be the effect on the weld if the electrode was changed from DC +ve to
AC
a) None
b) Lower deposition rate
c) It would be lesser penetration or slight increase in deposition rate
d) The arc would become unstable
51
823) A repair has been made using MMA on a double V butt weld on a 10 m diametertank. The defect
repaired was lack of penetration and it had been excavated with a disc grinder prior to repair. After
repair it was determined that the wrong electrodes had been used. What action should the inspector
take:
a) Have the repair area ground and re-repair.
b) Accept the work if the electrodes were the same flux type.
c) Heat treat the area.
d) Consult the senior inspector or welding engineer if the specification or Procedure does not cover
the course of action.
824) Flame cut edges would normally be required to be ground back to a distance specified in a procedure
because
a) If the HAZ is left on the prep it may result in weld decay in service
b) The HAZ would have become sensitised
C) There is a strong potential for hardening in this region
d) to reduce weight loading on the completed structure
825) Which of these statements related to carbon steel is false

a) High heat input resut in high hardness
b) High heat input may result in large grains
C) Loss of toughness may result from weaving
d) Toughness may be restored by normalising
826) During visual inspection of a fillet weld with even leg lengths of 15 mm and throat measurement of 9
mm. A cross section is not avaikable. The weld profīie is
a) Concave
b) Convex
c) Mitre
d) Not able to determined
827) Which of the following always occurs in the parent metal

a) Hydrogen cracks
b) Laps and laminations
c) Centre line cracks
d) Porosity
52
828) You should always refer to the higher authority for guidance when
a) Cracks appear during welding
b) The welder will not follow your instructions
C) Instructions are missing in the specification or contract documents
d) All of the above
829) Increasing the arc energy input of a welded joint will

a) Increase the strength of the joint
b) Increase the toughness of the joint

c) Increase the grain size of the weld and haz
d) decrease the width of the haz
830) MIG tends to be susceptible to lack of fusion problem this is because of

b) Incrrect settings
c) Poor inter run cleaning
d) All of the above
831) Which of the following is a suitable shielding gas for FCAW of stainless steel CAW of stainless
a) 100% argon
b) 70% argon+30% He
c) Argon+5% Hydrogen
d) Argon+20% CO2
832) The maximum hardness in the HAZ of a steel will increase if the
a) Heat input is increased
b) CEV is increased
c) Joint thickness is decreased
d) All of the above
833) When welding thin plate distortion can be minimised by

a) Using back step welding
53
b) Minimising weld volume

c) Using bridge tacks
d) All of the above
834) What is the leg length of a fllet weld

a) The distance from the weld face to the penetration
b) The distance between the two toes
c) The distance from the original root to the toe

d) The distance from penetration to the weld toe
835) The term duty cycle refers to

a) The shift patten of inspection staff
b) A monthly occurence involving outage time
c) Output capability of a welding plant
d) Component life expectancy
836) plug welds are normally used to weld plates that

a) Overlap
b) Have holes through both plates
c) Are to be 100% water tight
d) Have P-shaped lifting Iugs attached
837) The weld metal deposits of MMA electrodes achieve its mechanicals strength through
a) The core wire
b) The flux coating

c)Iron powders in the flux coating
838) what constituent is needed in the coating of an electrode to prevent the formation of porosity in the
welding of a rimming steel
a) Iron powders
b) Calcium fluoride
c) Silicon
54
d)Calcium carbonate
839) A steel described as QT will nave improved tensile properties because it has
a) Had control of chemical composition
b) Been heat treated
c) Been quality tested
d) Been vacuum melted
840) In submerged arc welding the use of excessively high voltage would result in
a) Insufficient flux melting
b) Excessive fiux meting
c) slag removal difficufties
d) Spatter
841) Cellulosic electrodes are often used when welding the root pass of pipes in the field because
a) Hydrogen control is needed
b) There are iron powders in the electrode
c) Higher arc voltage can be obtained
d) Shorter arc length can be obtained
842) which of the following process uses the keyholing system of fusion
a) Friction welding
b) Diffusion bonding
c)Electron beam welding
d) Autogenous TIG welding
843) When MMA welding low carbon steel which electrode will give the greatest deposition rate
a) Hydrogen controlled
b) Cellulosic
c) Rutile
d) Iron powder
844) The voltage necessary to maintain an arc during metal arc welding is termed as
55
a) Mains supply voltage

b) Arc current
c) Arc voltage
d) Ocv
845) Austenitic stainless steels electrodes are generally smaller in length than mild steel electrodes
because
a) High amperage is used
b) Shelf life is decreased
c)Their electrical conductivity is less than that of steel

d) They are more expensive
846) Tempering is often carried out to regain toughness after which of the following process
a) Annealing
b) Normalising
c)Hardening
d) Stress relieving
847) Hydrogen cracking in the weld metal is likely when welding

a) Carbon manganese steel
b) Stainless steel
c) Micro alloyed steel
d) Low carbon steels
848) Repair welding is often more difficult than production welding due to.
a) The materials being ingrained with inservice contaminants
b) Restricted access within the repair area
c) The possible position of the weld repair
d) All of the above
849) Which of the following may be classed as a more serious defect

a) Slag inclusion
b) Fusion defects (inler run)
56
c) Fusion defects (surface)

d) Porosity
850) Macroscopic examination requires any specimen to be inspected

a) Once after etching
b) Twice, before and after etching

851) Flame cut preparation may during welding increase the likelihood of
a) Cracking
b) Misalignment problems
c) Inclusions
d) All of the above
852) With reference to a root penetration bead you would certainly assess
a) Root fusion and penetration
b) Root concavity
c) Burn through
d) All of the above
853) A weave technique may give rise to

a) Better profiles
b) Improved toe blending

c) Improved ripple shape
d) All of the above
854) Cracks in the weld may be due to

a) Solidification problems
b) Hydrogen problems
c) Excessive stresses
d) All of the above
57
855) The main cause of porosity in welded joint

a) Poor access
b) Loss of gas shield

c) Dirty materials
d) All of the above
856) In weldability of carbon steels which of the following statements are true?
a) Joint configuration influences weldability.
b) Increased carbon contents makes welding easier.
C) Thicker plates can be welded easily than thinner plates.
857) Which of the following elements has the most pronounced effect on weldability?
a) Sulphur
b) Chromium
c) Molybdenum
d) Carbon
858) While making a symbol for a symmetrical fillet weld,

a) The size need not be mentioned.
b) The length can be mentioned to the left of the symbol.
c)The finish is assumed as flat.
d) The broken line can be omitted.
859) Which of the following is true?

a) Plug weld in a T joint
b) Spot weld in an edge joint
c) Fillet weld in a corner joint
d) Edge weld in a lap joint
860) Preheating.
a) Increases weld zone yield strength and removes moisture
b) Increases weld zone toughness and removes hydrogen
58
c) Reduces weld zone UTS values and removes hydrogen

861) TIG welding?

a) Zirconium electrodes are generally used for the welding of aluminium
b) Zirconium electrodes are generally used for the welding of aluminium in current only
c) Zirconium electrodes can be used on all weldable material except alloys
d) Zirconium electrodes can be used on all weldable materials
862) NDT?
a) Prods are associated with the MPI method
b) Prods are associated with UT method
c) Prods are not associated with any NDT method

d) prods are commonly used for the inspection of welds
863) Distortion?
a) A single V butt weld welded trom one side highly restrained will have low distortion and low
residual stress.
b) A single V butt weld welded from both sides with balanced welding will have high distortion and
low residual stress.
c) A single V butt weld welded from one side with no restraint will have low distortion and low
restraint.
d) A single V butt weld welded from one sIde, highly restrained, will have low distortion and high
residual stress.
864) In a tensile test the maximum load recorded was 134 KN and the width of the Specimen was 2.5 cm,
the thickness was 10 mm. What would be the UTS and elongation be?
a) a.530 N/mm2, 20% elongation.
b) b.536 N/mm2 and elongation cannot be calculated.
c) c.536 N/cm2 and elongation cannot be calculated.
d) d.5.36 KN/mm2 and elongation cannot be calculated.
865) For 80 mm diameter, 12 mm thickness C-Mn steel pipe what would be the correct technique used?
a) DWDI using Ir-192.
b) SWSI using Co-60.
59
c) DWDI using Co-60.

d) SWSI using Ir-192.
866) Fracture Testing,

a) Is frequently used in stop/start areas.
b) Is frequently used anywhere in the weld.
c) Is used where there are no defects.
d) Is only used where defects are already present.
867) When considering thermal cutting local hardening can be reduced by:
a) Increasing the cutting speed.
b) The use of propane as a fuel gas.
c) Pre heating the material to be cut.
868) Welding procedures may require welds to be deposited at a controlled rate heat input. High heat input
would:
a) Have poor profile
b) Have larger grain size
c) Have high hardness in the HAZ
d) Have low elongation properties
869) Which of the follwing electrodes is classified to BS EN 499?

a) E 38 3R
b) E 6013
c) E 7018-G
d) E 51 33 B
870) The carbon content in low carbon steel is?

a) A...6 to 25 points of carbon
b) B....25 to 50 points of carbon
c) C...0.25% to 0.6% carbon
d) D..6 to 25 and 0.6% to 0.25% carbon
60
871) Internal stress may lead too

a) warping
b) cold cracking
c) hot cracking
d) all of the above

e) warping and cold cracks
872) Segregation within an ingot maybe detect by which of the following technique
a) ultrasonic
b) Sulphur painting
c) Visual examination
d) all of the above
873) Low temperature heating giving rise to the small readjustment in the posilion of the atoms is known
a) recrystallsation
b) recovery
c)grain growth
d) annealing
874) If too great forging reduction is attempted in one operation may occur
a) preferred orientation of the grains
b) inadequate grain growth

c) forging buts
d) forging laps
875) A Segregation is associated with the serious metallurgical defects

a) non metallic inclusion
b) shrinking cavities
C) hydrogen cracks
d) non metallic inclusion and shrinking cavities
61
876) You are to oversee the arc welding of Some machined fittings and find they cadmium plated. Would
you:
a) Permit it to proceed
b) Permit it to proceed with fume extraction
c) Stop the operation at once
d) Advise the welder to drink milk and proceed
877) According to AWS2.4 where does the symbol go for welding on the arrow side?
a) Below solid line
b) Above solid line
c) Depends on the joint
d) Always weld where the arrow is pointing
878) Many of the meters, instruments & controls of the welding machine are not working proper and their
calibration certificate are also out date. What will you do?
a) Permit welding to proceed with no further action
b) Use a MAP separate measuring instrument and permit welding
c) Stop welding until corrective measures are completed to rectify the situation
d) Being welding and then report to their management when time is available
879) Which is solid state welding

a) Saw
b) MMA.
c) GMAW
d) Friction welding
880) A Bessemer converter is?

a) method of producing cast iron
b) method of producing pig iron
c) method of producing wrought iron
d) method of producing steel
881) A plug weld and a slot weld differ in which of the following
62
a) a plug weld has a hole in one member

b) a slot weld has a hole in one member
c) a slot weld is an arc weld
d) a plug weld is a friction weld
882) Cathodic cleaning is used to remove?

a) sign waves
b) oxides
c) surface inclusions
d) low melting point compounds
883) Half life is a term used to describe

a) The penetrating ability of a gamma ray source
b) Half the time the gamma source will be useful
c) The time taken of the gamma source to reduce the strength by half
d) Time of decay of an X ray tube
884) A code gives the acceptance standard for exscess weld metal "h" as: h< 1mm+ 0.1 b max. 5 mm
where "b" is thie width of the cap. for which of the following altuations is the escess weld metal
acceptable.
a) b=15 H=3.0
b) b=22 H=3.0
c) b=28 H=4.0
d) b=40 H=5.4
885) How are the tack weld lengths during assembly and fit-up determined?
a) By the welder as they have extensive knowledge
b) As the wps will give minimum tack length requirement
c) As the welding drawing will give the information
d) As the specification weld do
886) Tensile test:-

a) will give an indication of reduction in area
b) will only show the elastic rangge
63
c) show how good the welder

d) will determine the transition range
887) Which method is described by the following statement?
The arc is formed between the tip of electrode and the work place is requires special purpose
electrodes with thick flux coatings to generate a strong arc force and gas stream
a) oxy-fuel cutting
b) manual metal arc gauging
c) arc air gauging
d) plasma arc cutting
888) Very high deposition efficiency electrodes (180%) have what disadvantages
a) higher yield strength of weld metals
b) higher level of hydrogen in the weld metal
c) operation is limited to only some positions
d) they produce very hard weld metal
889) Which of the following would you not need to check in a welding consumable store?
a) the oven temp.
b) Quarantine consumables
c) Calibrations of the ovens
d) the humidity
890) What is the main cause of undercut is:

a) current too low
b) excessive travel speed
c)excassive OCV
d) excessive amps
891) Vollage and amperage meter have been removed from MIG/MAG(GMAW) calibration invalid, the
equipment should be
a) quarantined
b) only used for tack welds
C) only used if validaled
d) monitored density by the welding inspector for amperage and voltage
64
892) Rutile electrodes are often sold packed in cardboard box Covered with a plastic fim. if upon you found
they were damp and the ends were rusting what course of action would you recommended?
a) Use them as a rutile electrode for only purpose welding
b) Re dry at 120 degree C and issue to the shop floor
c) Quarantine them
d) Only use them for tack welding
893) Which of the following is most apt to render the post-emulsification test ineffective:
a) Too long of a penetrant time.
b) Too long of a developing time.
c) Too long of an emulsihying time.
894) Which of the following statements is true:

a) Oxygen-fuel gas cutting is essentialy an oxidization thermal cuttüing Process.
b) Oxygen-fuel gas cuting is essenialy a melting process.
c) The only fuel gas used is acetylene.
895) In general it is not easy to mechanise the MMA welding process because:
a) Short electrode length, the control of the arc length and the process uses A flat characteristic.
b) Short electrode length, the control of the arc length and flux coverings.
c) The control of the arc length, stop start problems and short electrode length,
d) Flux coverings, short electrode lengths and relationship between amps And volts.
896) Clustered porosity found internally in the body of a C-Mn in the MMA welding is usually associated
with
a) poor inter pass cleaning
b) the open circuit curent being too high
c) poor stop/start technique or damp electrode coating
d) low open circuit voltage
897) Cast and helix are terms that refer to:

a) Ingredients in the flux covering
b) Bead deposition techniques for distortion control
65
c) Quality of the welding wires

d) Sources from which wires are drawn
898) Toe blending is Important as it may affect.

a) corrosion
b) fatigue life
c) over lap type defects
d) all of the above.
899) The soak temperature specified by code depend on the type of steel, low allov steels (such as cr-mo
steels used for elevated temperature service) require temperatures typically in the range of
a) 700-960 c
b) 900-1100 c
c) 600-650 c
d) 700- 760 c
900) The suface finish of the charpy impact specimen is

a) Rough
b) smooth and surface ground

c) turned ina lathe
d) surface finish is not important
901) You find several unacceptable welds and reject them the welding supervisor indicates they are
acceptable be signs then off and request NDT what action would you take.
a) nothing as be is a welding supervisor and knows a great deal above
b) Raise the issue with the QC department supervisor
c) it is not my problem us be has signed them off so i will not be blamed
d) Look at the NDT results and if they know reasonable I would accept them.
902) When refering TIG welding the shielding gas could be

a)argon+hydrogen
b)argon+helium
c) argon+nitrogen
66
d) all of above
903) In the GTAW process the use of pulsed current helps in a achieving which of the following?
a) electron cleaning effect and penetration
b) controlling heat input and penetration
c) controlling lack of sidewall fusion and heat input

d) controlling spatter and penetration
904) A martensitic transformation takes place in plain carbon steele only

a) when the material is cooled sufficiently rapidlh
b) when the carbon content is sufficiently high
c)when there is a formation of austenite
d) all of the above
905) Loss of ductility is often one of the reasons for a hydrogen crack to occur. What will happen to
ductility we increase tensile strength?
a) Ductility will be greater
b) Ductility will not change
c) ductility will be less
d) Ductility is tensile not affected by tensile strength
906) A nick break test reveals defects in the:

a) heat affected zone
b) the weld metal
c) the parent metal
d) all of the above
907) An eutectoid mixture in steel is:

a) A mixture of ferrite and austenite.
b) A mixture comprising a substitutinal solid solution.
c) Called pearlite.
d) Called ledeburite.
67
908) In acccordance with BS 2901 which of the following is classified as triple deoxidised filler wire?
a) 17 wire
b) 18 wire
c) 15 wire
d) All
909) A welder is working on PA, which mechanical test get affected when he changes to PF?
a) Tensile test
b) Hardness test
c) Impact test
d) All
910) . What destructive test would be required to ascertain the likelihood of cracking in the HAZ of a weld?
a) Nick break
b) Side bend test
c) Charpy impact
d) Macro test
911) What is the main purpose post flow function on TIG welding Machine?
a) Avoid tungsten electrode contamination
b) Cool the weld during solidification
c) Give the welder time to adjust the welding condition

d) Purge the gas line
912) A medium carbon steel weld should be inspected

a) as soon as it is safe to do so
b) when the weld is finished
c) 48hrs after the completion
d) After NDT examination
913) The surface finish of the charpy impact specimen is:

a) rough
b) smooth and surface ground
68
c) turned in a lathe
d) surface finish is not important
914) Which one of these joints would be more susceptible to lamellar tearing
a) U butt
b) Vee butt
c) double vee butt
d) compound weld
915) Which of the following is considered the main restriction of the radiography method of NDT
a) The detection of planer defects oriented parallel to the beam direction
b) The range of material thickness it can be used for
c) Can't be used for remote site work
d) The range of material type it can be used for
916) The size and number of tack weld are

a) An important consideration
b) They are depend on the thickness and base material being welded
c) For some material preheat may have to be used
d) All of the above
917) Which of the following weld may be in an open corner joint?

a) Plug weld
b) Fillet Weld
c) butt weld
d) Any of the above
918) An advantage of SAW process is that
a) It can be used in the vertical down (PG) position
b) Little or No ozone or UV Light is produced/ emitted.
c)It is not affected by arc blow
d) It is not prone to solidification cracking
69
919)The main problem with solution treatment of stainless steel is that

a) Controlling the rate of temperature rise
b) Controlling the cooling rate
c) Length of the soak period
d) High risk of distortion
920) Overlap influenced by?

a) A poor welding technique
b) B welding process
c) C weld position
d) D all of above
921) In welder qualification testing of 10mm plate, 2 roots and 2 face bends were tested, 1 root bend failed.
What course of action would you follow?
a) Acceptthose as 75% were acceptable, you are allowed one failure
b) Two more root bend should be prepared and tested
c) Two more root and 2 more face bends should be prepared and tested
d) retest the welder
922) When welding vertically up with MMA process weaving is sometimes restricted to 2.5 x electrode
diameter, this restriction is mainly applied to
a) reduce the overall width of the weld
b) Limit the heat input into the joint
c) reduce the no. of electrode in the joint
d) Reduce the time require to finish the weld
923) What is the answer for the throat thickness of a 3/4 inch fillet weld is?
a) 27.5 mm
b) 24 mm
c) 13.3 mm
d) 12.5 mm
924) In submerged arc welding, excessive arc voltage may cause?

70
a) Excessive penetration
b) Change in weld metal composition
c) Narrow weld width
d) Excessive bead profile
925) A welding process Using equipment with a flat characteristic:

A) Will require a pemanent or temporary backing to be pre placed on the root side of the welds
b) Has the advantage of being able to use any type or size of electrode i
c) Is likely to be using an electrode less than 2 mm dia.
d) Is likely to be using an electrode more than 2 mm dia.
926) Which is the most commonily used isotope for radiographic examination of welds?
a) ytterbium 169
b) iridium 192
927) A martensite grain structure:

(a) Is always present in welds on steel
(b) Is brittle grain structure
(c) Is obtained when the preheat temperature exceeds 200*c
(d) All of the above
928) What is the UTS of a material?

(a) The proof stress
(b) The maximum load a specimen can withstand
(c) The limit of proportionality
(d) The point of plastic deformation
929) A MMA electrode is designated as an E 42 O R type according to BS EN 499. What does 42 indicate?
a) 40 joules at a test temperature of 20°c
b) 42 % elongation
c) 420 n/mm2 yield strength
d) 42 n/mm2 tensile strength
930) Welding a single V butt with laminations showing on the side wall may give rise to:
71
a) Lamellar tearing
b) Solidification cracking
c) Martensite
d) Undercut
931) Which of the following materials has the poorest weldability?

a) Austenitic stainless steel
b) Martensitic stainless steel
c) Carbon manganese steel
d) HSLA steel
932) A fusible insert is:

a)filler material placed in the weld joint before welding
b) permanent backing strip
c) the core wire in a manual metal arc welding electrode
d) applicable only to bracing
933) Prod is used in which NDT process

a) UT
b) RT
c) MPT
d) VT
934) What five parameters would be checked when calibrating welding equipment for mechanized MAG
welding:
a) Joint set up, flux coating. polarity, travel speed and amps/ volts
b) Amps/ volts, WFS, gas flow rate, polarity and travel speed
c) Amps/ volts, WFS, wire diameter, polarity and travel speed
d) Electrode stick out, WFS, amps/ volts, polarity and wire diameter
935) In a transverse tensile test, brittleness would be indicated if...

a) there is a reduction in cross-section at the position of fracture
b) the fracture surface is flat and featureless but hasa rough surface
72
c) fracture occurred in the weld metal

d) the fracture face shows beach marks
936) A crack running along the centre line of a weld bead could be caused by..
a) use of damp flux
b) lack of preheat
c) arc voltage being too high
d) weld bead being too deep and very narrow
937) What type of power source characteristic is required for manual welding?
a) Constant voltage
b) Flat Characteristic
c) Drooping Characteristic
d) Motor Generator
938) One of the advantages of a muit-pass MMA weld is that it generally produces a:
a) High tensie strength
b) High degree of ductiity
c)Coarse grain structure
d) Fine grain structure
939) An undesirable property of aluminium oxide residue, when welding is that it

a) Decrease weld pool fluidity.
b) requires more heat to melt it when compared to aluminium.
C) Causes the welder to travel to quickiy.
D)The presence of the oxide makes aluminium impossible to weld.
940) which of the folowing weiding process would you expect to give the highest heat input when using
typical parameters?
a) Shielded metal arc welding
b) Manual Metal arc welding
c) Submerged arc welding
d) Tungsten Inert gas welding
73
941) A mitre fillet weld has a design throat thickness of 12 mm. What is the leg length?
a) 19.6
b) 12.8
c) 16.8
d) 10.8
942) The number 136 is shown at the tail end of a weld symbol reference line. According to BSEN 22553
what does the number indicate?
a) FCAW
b) MIG/MAG
c) MMA
d) TIG
943) Which term has a diferent meaning from the other?

a) Crown
b) Cap height
c) Reinforcement
d) Weld profile
944) When using a welding procedure specification what other document is in conjunction with the
procedure?
a) PWPS
b) WQT
c) WPQR
d) WPTR
945) A typical include angle used for MIG welding of aluminium.

a) 35*
b) 120*
C) 60*
d) 90*
946) Which of the following has the greatest effect on the finished profile?
74
a) Included angle
b) Torch angle
c)Open circuit voltage
d) Polarity
947) Tungsten electrodes used for TiG welding of C-Mn steel contains a smallpercentage of,
a) Silica
b) Cerium
c) Iridium
d) Titanium
948) A pipeline is to be laid across country; which of the following method could be used to detect root
defects?
a) MPT
b) RT
c) UT
d) Both b and c
949) The main reason for preheating is to.

a) Remove paint
b) Improve the properties in HAZ
c) Remove moisture
d) Increase hardness
950) A STRA test

a) Can give a material elongation and ductility.
b) It is used to measure a material's UTS.
c) Is a measure of a material's proof stress.
d) Shows a materiaľ's compressive and tensile property.
951) During welding you observe that the welder is weaving excessively high, which property will be.
deteriorated because of this?
a) Percentage elongation
b) Impact properties
75
c) Chemical composition
d) All of the above
952) Which of the following cannot be detected by penetrant testing?

a) Internal flaws
b) external flaws
c) Porosity
d) Undercut
953) From the examination of fracture failure, a ductile failure.

a) Black marks
b) Smooth surface
c) Reduction in area
d) Flat rough surface
954) Which welding process has greatest heat input?

a) FCAW
b) TIG
c) MAG
d) SAW
955) An electrode is classified to BS EN 2560 as AE 35 3B, what does A stands for?

a) Hardness only
b) Yield strength and impact
c) Tensile strength and impact
d) Impact only
956) What element may cause carbon steel to suffer cold shortness?
a) Phosphorous
b) Martensite
c) Manganese
d) Silica
76
957) Highest hydrogen levels would be found in,

a) A weld carried out with an 6013 ectrode.
d) A weld carried out with an E431 N1 2RR electrode.
c) A weld carried out with an E6018 electrod.
b) A weld carried out with an E6011 electrode.
958) Interpass temperature?

a) Exceeding the maximum interpass temperature may cause high toughness.
b) Exceeding the maximum interpass temperature may cause low toughness.
c) Interpass temperature has no effect on toughness.
d) Exceeding the maximum interpass temperature may result in excess
959) Weld decay,

a) Caused by excessive amount of iron in the material
b) Can be minimized by specifying steel with lower carbon levels.
c) Can be minimized by specifying steel with lower amount of sulphur.
d) Both a and b.
960) Tensile test is considered for
a) Fatigue failure.
b) Ductile failure.
c) Stress corrosion failure.
d) Cyclic load failure.
961)Hardness testing,
a) Is carried out to assess the likelihood of solidification cracking.
b) Helps in assessing the susceptibility of HICC.
c) Is a quantitative test to help assess equal values of hardness.
d) Is carried out during welder qualification tests.
962) Tack welds,

a) Are always welded with 6012 electrodes.
77
b) Preheat is not generally required, as they will be removed.

c) Preheat should be applied if in accordance with the WPS.
963) 7018 M electrode,

a) Is classified under EN 2560 and is basic low hydrogen.
b) Is classified under AWS A5.5 and is a basic low hydrogen with weld metal of yield strength
70,000 Psi.
c) Is classed under AWS 5.5 and suitable for welding in the low temp.
964) when TIG welding themethods of initiatio could be?

a) Lift arc
b) High frequency
c) Constant frequency
d) Both A and B
965) Which one of the following codes/standards is not a qualification code?

a) ASME section IX
b) AWS D1.1
c) EN ISO 15614
d) ASME B31.3
966) Solidification cracking takes place in carbon steels?

a) After post weld treatment
b) In the base metal
c) Immediate after welding
d) After a few hours
967) Concerning weldability of carbon steels which of the following statements is true?
a) Material grade influences weldability
b) Increasing carbon ontent makes welding easier
c)Thicker plates can be welded more easiy then thinner plates
78
d) All of the above
968) Which of the following arc design is preferred in cyclic loading condition?
a) View A
b) View B
c) View C
d) View D
969) To prevent HIC, with increasing CEV what measures may be taken?
a) Use higher pre heat
b) Use post weld heat treatment
c) Use low hydrogen electrode
d) All of the above
970) Which one of these electrodes produces the highest level of hydroge
a) Cellulosic electrodes
b) Rutile
c) Basic
d) Iron powder electrodes
971) What course of action should beTeken upon finding a welder using incorect welding consumables?
a) report the incident and recordall relevant information
b) Allow welding to proceed if the workmanship is good
C) None if the tensile strength of the consumable is the same as the approved
d) Change the electrode for the Correct type and continue welding
972) During root welding which of the following would be the main cause of burn through?
a) The current is too high
d) Root face is too large
c) Preheat not used
b) The root gap is too small in accordance with WPS
973) The main purpose of preheating is to?

79
a) Remove moisture
b) Delay the cooling rate
c)Remove hydrogen
d) Improve fusion
974) In order to prevent hydrogen cracking which of the following would need to be mainly considered?
a) Material thickness
b) Welding position
c) Carbon equivalent value
d) Joint design
975) Cathodic cleaning is used to remove?

a) Sign waves
b) Oxides
c) Surface inclusions
d) Low melting point compounds
976) Porosity caused by?
a) High Welding Current
b) Damp Electrode
c) Joint Design
d) Al the above
977) To prevent contaminaton in the TIG?

a) Siope out Device
b) Siope m Device Past fiow of Devica None of the above
c) Post flow of Device
978) WPS is...?

a) The documents avaiable to weldig inspecter. NDT personnel
b) The document that contain relevant WPQR and wps is available to welding inspector, NDT
personnel
c) Both A &B
80
979) in NDT...?
a) In RT, 680 dia, 20mm thickness DWDI is used
b) In RT. 70mm dia, 60mm Thickness, DWSI is used
c) In RT, 85mm dia, 25 mm Thickness, DWSI is used
d) A will be used by DWDI & DWSI
980) In RT...?
a) Radiography will show lack of fusion as dark straight line in one side and other side bright
b) Radiography will show undercut as dark straight line one side
c) Radiography will show lack of root penetration in one side bright and other side dark
981) In contract they said 20% RT and every one failure 2RT required and you bold find one failure. What
woud you your acion.?
a) You agree and you will show substituent the joirt
b) You disagree and leave the Joint
c) You will ask more % of RT for Quality Assuranoe

982) Tensile Test give....?

a) Longitudinal weld metal shows reducion in area as 20%
b) Transverse specimen show reduction in area as 25%
c) It will Show Rm
d) Both A&B
983) Under normal contract conditions weld procedure approval tests for pipework are
a) Mandatory
b) Depends on site and weather conditions
c) Depends upon contractor confidence in his procedure
d) Only required when MMA welding is used
81
984) BS EN 7018 as AE 3 3 4 where 'A' is denoted as

a) Hardness only
b) Impact only
c) Yield Strength & Impact only
d) Tensile Strength & Impact only
985) Load 180KN, 40mm length, 80mm thickness. Calculate UTS & Elongation?
a) 50 N/mm² & Elongation 20%
b) 56 N/mm² & Elongation cannot be found
c) 56 N/mm² & Elongation can be found
d) 56 N/mm² & Elongation 10%
986) Tungsten coated with slightly thorium is used only

a) DC ( +ve) electrode used for Aluminium only
b) Electrode used with balled end
c) Thorium coated can be used for all metals
d) AC electrode can be used for alloyed elements
987) In Plasma, 8-18" Austenitic Stainless Steel can be used as?

a) Alloyed Steel
b) Carson Steel
c) Stainless Steel
d) All of the above
988) Cross country pipeline is going to be laid. To find the root defects, which NGT you go for?
a) MPI
b) UT
c) RT
d) both (b) & (c)
989) When ac only is required for welding, the power supply unit is almost always:
a) A transformer, rectifier and a means to change the current
b) A transformer, inverter and a means to change the current
82
c) A rectifier, alternator and a means to change the current

d) A transformer or alternator and a means to change the current
990) Cellulose electrondes have which of the following propertie?

a) Viscous slag, large volumes of shielding gas and UTS values above 90,000 PS
b) Large volumes of shielding gas, hydrogen contents>15 ml per 100g of weld metal deposited and
should be never Baked
c) Large volumes of shielding gas, high spatter contents and hydrogen levels < 15 ml per 100g of
weld metal deposited
d) High spatter contents, high deposition and large volumes of gas shield
991) In accordance with BS 5135 which of the following is applicable for scale "c" with regards to hydrogen
content per 100g of deposited weld metal?
a) > 15 ml
b) > 15 ml < 25 ml
c) > 10 ml < 15 ml
d) > 5 ml < 10 ml
992) Which of the following defect would show up as light indications on a radiograph?
a) Slag inclusions and copper inclusion
b) Tungsten inclusions and excessive root penetration
c) Cap undercut and root piping
d) Excessive cap height and incomplete root penetration
993) STRA test?

a) Reduction in area
b) Compression in area
c) Change in material elongations
d) Ductility
994) Residual Stress and Distortion?

a) One side welding with restraints low distortion & high Residual stress
83
b) Double side balanced weld....low distortion & high Residual stress

c) One side welding without restraints low distortion & low Residual stress
d) One side welding without restraints high distortion & high Residual stress
995) Tempering Temp?

a) 440-500 degree
b) 500-550 degree
c) 220-650 degree
d) 700-920 degree
996)Essential variable?
a) Change in mechanical properties
b) Required re-approval of WPS
c) visual acceptance
d) All of the above
997) NECKING?
a) At the starting point of elasticith
b) Between the point of elasticith and plasticity
c) At the end point of Plasticity
d) At the starting point, of plasticity
998) Lack of side wall fusion can be found in?

a) PT
b) MT
c) UT
d) both (b) & (c)
999) In UTS graph, Re represents what?

a) Elastic
b) Elastic
c) Elongation
d) Yield stress
84
1000) Ductile metal is

a) Black marks
b) Rough & tough
c) Smooth
d) Reduction in area
1001) Excess Weld Metal?

a) Crown
b) Cap
c) Reinforcement
d) Weld profile
1002) In carbon steel, the most effect will be on?

a) Chromium
b) Molybdenum
c) Nickel
d) Carbon
1003) In RT which cannot be found?

a) Length
b) Shape
c) type of defect
d) Depth
1004) For Carbon Manganese steel?

a) Ceq should be 0.36
b) Ceq should be 0.48%
c) Ceq should be >0.48%
d) Ceq should be <0.23%
1005) Bend testing is done for?

a) Welding procedure qualification
b) Welder qualification
85
c) If there is no flaw found in NDT, no need to go for bend test

d) both A & B
1006) After visual test, slightly undercut is found ( ie : <0.25mm ) for small thickness
play a) Welder says that hi will do a small weaving without preheat
b) welder says that hi will do a small weaving greater then original preheat
c) welder says that he will do a small waving with the original preheat
d) Inspector says to grind to blend it.
1007) Pick out the ODD one out?

a) HOT cracks
b) HICC
c) COLD cracks
d) REHEAT cracks
1008) According to BS EN ISO 17637 Visual Inspection?

a) Required minimum 350 lux
b) Recommends minimum 500 lux
c) As same as for DPI & MPI visual Inspection
d) All of the above
1009) hydrogen content level should not be for inducing a crack?

a) < 5ml
b) ≥ 15ml
c) ≤ 25ml
d) > 25ml
1010) Welding procedure approval?

a) BS EN 2560
b) BS EN 287
c) BS EN 22553
d) BS EN 288
86
1011) Sensitization in Austenitic stainless steel means?

a) formation of lron carbides
b) formation of chromium carbides at boundary region
c) formation of chromium carbides
1012) Symmetric fillet weld?

a) The weld is flat
b) No need of leg length dimension
c)We can omit the other line
d) Length is specified on the left side
1013) Lamellar Training occurs more in

a) Tee - joint with one sided weld
b) Tee - joint with both sides weld
c) Single V - Butt weld
d) Tee - joint with compound weld
1014) Which of the following is the odd out?

a) Neon
b) Xenon
c) Argon
d) Nitrogen
1015) What is the maximum allowable HI/LO for 8 mm thick material is the following is applied.
Linear misalignment is Permissible is 10%of 't' is the maximum 2mm
a) 0.8 mm
b) 2 mm
c) 8.0 mm
d) it cannot be sentenced as an other side is shown by the symbol
1016) Which of the following abbreviations is the odd one out?

a) GMAW
87
b) MMA
c) SMAW
d) GTAW
1017) When TIG wedding with stainless steel which of the following should be
used a) Alternator
b) AC transformer
c) DC generator
d) Constant potential rectifier
1018) Submerged arc weld made with recycled flux are reliable
to a) Porosity
b) Coarse grain size
c) Undercut
d) Incomplete penetration
1019) Which physical test is more likely to reveal HAZ

embrittlement a) Transverse Tensile
b) All weld Tensile

c) Root bend
d) Charpy impact
1020) In the examination of a welded aluminium joint marco etching may

reveal a) Lack of inter run penetration
b) Carbon pick up
c) Weld decay
d) Micro cracks
1021) Preheating and inter pass heating are used primarily

for a) Aiding fusion
b) Reducing hydrogen content of weld preparation prior to welding
c) ensure a fine grain size
d) Slow down the cooling rate after welding
88
1022) when open site working, serious porosity in metal arc weld is brought to your attention. What
would you investigate?
a) Electrode type
b) Electrode storage
c) Day temperature
d) Power plant type
1023) Which of these test would normally be used for welder qualification on plate butt weld using 13
mm low Carbon steel?
a) CTOD
b) Nick break
c) Fracture fillet
d) IZOD
1024) Degreasing components are essential for quality welding, when welded some agents may;
a) Cause corrosion problems
b) Leave residues
c) Give off toxic gases

d) All of the above
1025) Hot cracking

a) In steel weldments occurs alone the fusion line.
b) In steel weldment occurs in the last matal of soldify
c) In steel weldments only occurs weld Central line.
d) In steel weldments occurs in areas of the lowest dilution.
1026) What is an active flux?

a). A material used to clean surfaces of the join through continued chemical reaction
b) A material used to protect the molten weld pool during wedding
c) A material used to aid fusion
d) All of the above
1027) Radiography testing:

89
a) lack of Root fusion would most likely show up as dark straight line with a light root.
b) lack of Root fusion would most likely show up as a dark root with straight edges.
c) lack of root fusion would most likely show up as a dark uneven line following the edge of the root
d) lack of root fusion canno be seen on a radiography
1028) Which of the following additions may be added to an electrode's flux to act as a stabilizer?
a) Sodium silicate
b) Silicon
c) Manganese
d) Titanium dioxide
1029) In GMAW, MIG/MAG welding which mode of metal transfer uses frequencies in cycle
time a) spray transfer
b) pulse transfer
c) dip transfer
d) globular transfer
1030) On cross country pipe line, to ensure the root defects of the same, which NDT method to be
suitable to be carried out
a) Radiography testing
b) Ultrasonic testing
c) Magnetic particle testing

d) a and b
1031) Very high deposition efficiency electrodes ( 180% ) have what

disadvantages a) higher vield strength of weld metals
b) higher level of hydrogen in the weld metal

c) operation is limited to only some position
d) they produce very hard weld metal
1032) When welding with GMAW a typical mixture of gas for stainless steel would
be a) 98%argon + 2% oxygen
b) 60%argon+40% oxygen
90
c) 80%argon +20%carbon di oxide

d) 9%nitrogen+91%carbon di oxide
1033) The wedding position usually positioning the greatest risk of fumes inhalation
is a) horizontal/vertical ( PC )
b) vertical up ( PF)
c) down hand ( PA)
d) overhead ( PE )
1034) Low alloy steels having high carbon equivalent before welding will require:
a) A reduction in carbon content.
b) High pre-heat temperature
c) Low pre-heat temperature

d) No pre-heating
1035) In MIG/MAG welding which mode of transfer is referred to as non-desired?

a) dip
b) pulse
c) spray
d) globular
1036) An Austenitic stainless steel may

suffer. a) weld decay
b) sensitization
c) solidification cracking
d) all of the above
1037) What kind of steel is used for making filler rod?

a) Killed steel
b) Rimming steel
c) Carbon steel
91
1038) Welding process that use flux are sometime considered to be better than none fluy
processes because
a) fluxes may be dried to give low hydrogen level
b) fluxes may be have higher tolarance to surface contamination
c) they are good for welding good reactive metals
d) all of above
1039) Which electrode coating gives the most voluminous gas

shield a) Rutile
b) Basic
c) oxidising
d) Cellulosic
1040) Flame cut preparation during welding increase the likelihood

of a) creaking
b) misalignment problems
c) Inclusion
d) All of the above
1041) How many temperature indicating crayons would be required to ensure the pre hra temperature
was laying with in a specified range.
a) a 1
b) b 2
c) c 3
d) d. as many as possible
1042) When welding low carbon steel with GMAW process on dip transfer, one purpose a the
inductance control is to reduce
a) spatter
b) lack of fusion
c) Porosity
d) cold lap
92
1043) What type of welding covering will an electrode have that is suitable for welding 60mm C-Mn steel
and can give good weld metal toughness at-50 degree centigra
a) Rutile
b) 2 basic
c) 3 cellulose
d) 4 choice will depend on the welding position
1044) The HAZ associated with a fusion weld on steel has up to how many separate region of
micro structure.
a) a.4
b) b.6
c) c.1
d) d.2
1045) Ultrasonic testing is preferable to radiographic testing due

to a) Ability to find all defects
b) Lower amount of operator skill required
c) Ability to detect laminations
1046) You found high hydrogen content after the deposition of weld, it is caused
by a) Hydrogen electrode not treated properly
b) 7011 electrode have low hydrogen
c) Cellulose electrode
d) Rutile covered with TiO2
1047) A document that is established by consensus and approved by recognized body and provides,
for common and repeated use, guidelines, rules, a for activities or the is results aimed at the
achievement of the optimum degrees of order in a given context is called
a) Normative document
b) Regulation
c) Specification
d) Standard
93
1048) Would you consider using a 5 mm electrode for vertical up root runs in 6G ( HLO45 ) fixed
position pipe?
a) Yes it is compatible
b) Yes but this would depend upon the welder skill
c) No,it is not the most suitable electrode coating type
d) No,the electrode should have been smaller in diameter
1049) What welding process is 136 stands for?

a)FCAW
b) mig/mag
c) mma
d) saw
1050) When welding procedure may not be valid PA position, if the welding is done in PF positin,
if a) No NDT is carried out.
b) Tensile strength are specified.
c) Impact Strength are specified.
d) No PWHT is carried out
1051) Cellulose electrode are often used for the deposition of a root pass on pipes welding in the filled
this is because?
a) hydrogen control is required.
b) the high deposition rate due to the iron power content.
c) the hydrogen gas produced in the flux increases the arc voltage.
d) all of above.
1052) While inspecting a weld on a 100 mm thick high carbon steel plate with a tolerate of + or - 5 mm
you notice weld is visually acceptable, however the parent matre has several arc strikes present
adjacent to the weld approximately 3 mm deep, which course of action would you take?
a) None I am only inspecting the weld
b) Recommended that the area be dressed smooth
c) Recommended that the area be dressed smooth followed by MPI
d) High carbon steel is not susceptible to cracking so I would weld over the arc stri then blend them
94
1053) Mechanical tests are divided to tow areas, identify these from the list below:
a) Destructive and non destructive
b) Qualitative and quantitative
c) Visual and mechanical
d) Qualitative and visual
1054) When examining a completed bend test, the angle of the bend was found to be 183 Deg. The
testing specification calls for the sample to have been foemed through 182 Deg.
a) They should be acceptable as the standard refers refers to minimum forming angle
b) The bends should be considered as failed
c) New bends should be produce and bent to 180 deg then re-examined
d) They should be rejected as the angle is not close enough to be acceptable
1055) In welder qualification testing of 45 mm thick plates, why are side bends used instead. Of root
and face bends?
a) They are easier to produce
b) The testing equipment cannot handle thick root/face bends
c) Root defects are not important for welder qualification
d) They give more accurate indications
1056) For the structure termed martensite to from in a C-Mn steel it must first be heated
to. a) just below it's lower critical temperature and rapidly cooled
b) A maximum temperature of 550 oC then rapidly cooled
c) Above its upper critical temperature and slowly furnace cooled
d) A full transformation to austenite then repidly cooled
1057) A main element involved in solidification cracking

is a) Chrome
b) Molybdenum
c) Sulphur
d) Silica
1058) Preheats are used on steel joints of high hardenability mainly

to a) Slow the cooling rate of the steel
95
b) Removes surface moisture from the joint

c) Reduce the formation of surface oxides
d) Increase the diffusion rate of hydrogen into the HAZ

1059) Which one the following is not helpful in minimising angular distortion during welding?
a) Use of bouble V prep using balanced weld technique
b)Pre setting of work pieces
c) Applying post weld heat soak

d) Changing from a single V prep for thick material
1060) You have a macro section of a T butt joint that show a step like defect lying our the visible HAZ.
what would be the defect?
a) HAZ cracking
b) Toe creaking
c) laminations
d) Lamellar tearing
1061) Which electrode deposits weld metal with the greatest ductility and resistance to
cracking a) Rutile
b) Cellulosic
c) Basic
d) Oxidising
1062) In positional MMA welding on pipe work, welder are having difficulty in obtaining good
capping profiles when welding in the overhead position. Would you
a) Advise them to increase the current
b) Advise them to increase the voltage
c) Ask for a new welding team
d) Suggest to use of a smaller diameter electrode
1063) Argon purging in the root side is necessary in the TIG process of stainless
steel. a) obtain full penetration
b) Obtain full fusion
c) Avoid Porosity in root
d) Obtain a satisfactory weld surface finish
96
1064) The most common type of ailure associated with sharp fillets, notches and undercuts
is a) Crystalization
b) Fatigue
c) Corrosion
d) brittle fracture
1065) Which of the following defects is more common to welds deposited by CO2 welding than
welds deposited by MMA?
a) Slag inclusions
b) Excess penetration
c) Lack of sidewall fusion
d) tungsten inclusion
1066) Which off the following is likely to give the heighest impact strength in ferritic weld metal?
a) Cellulosic electrodes
b) submerged arc with basic flux
c) Spay transfer CO2 welding
d) Basic coated MMA electrodes
1067) You suspect that femitic steel plates contains cracks in the prepared edges. What NDT method
would you use to check this?
a) Radiography
b) MPT
c) PT
d) UT
1068) The most serious defect types are

A) planar
B) cracks
C) Lack of fusion
D) All of the above
1069) When referring to MIG welding the shielding gas would be

97
A) Argon
B) Argon+1%oxygen
C) Argon+20%CO2
D) none of the above
1070) Which is the most common failure in root bend

test
a) Too high a current setting
b) Too long a pause in the down cycle of the weave
c) Lack of fusion and penetration
d) Too high a travel speed
1071) The first sub in a heat affected zone of the parent material nearest weld deposit will consist
of a) Large crystal grains
b) Small crastal grains
c) elongated crystal grains
d) Distorted crystal grains
1072) MAG welding,

a) If CTWD is extended the voltage will increase.
b) If CTWD is reduced the voltage will reduce.
c) If CTWD is extended the amperage will increase.
d) If CTWD is extended the amperage will reduce.
1073) EN 17637 states,

a) Minimum recommended illumination is the same requirement as for visual and DPI.
b) Minimum of 350 lux, but recommends 500 lux.
c) Minimum 500 lux.
d) Both a and b.
1074) MAG welding?

98
a) In the EN numerical classification of welding process 131 & 135 represents the MAG welding
process.
b) 141 represents the MAG welding process.
c) 121 represents MAG.
1075) As the carbon percentage increases in plain carbon steel, which of the following true?
a) Tensile strength decreases.
b) Yield strength decreases.
c) Toughness decreases.
d) Hardness decreases.
1076) When 2 different matenal types are welded together, the joint may be referred to
as... a) a composite joint
b) a transition joint
c) a dissimilar metal joint
d) either b or c
1077) When a medium to high carbon steel is quenched:

a) It becomes malleable
b) It's hardness increases
c) It becomes ductile
d) The Plasticity is increased
1078) Which of the following can anse from copper inclusikkons in a ferrite steel weld?
a) Weld metal cracks
b) HAZ cracks
c) Lamellar tearing
d) Porosity
1079) Which gas cannot sustain spray transfer in GMAW

Welding a) carbon dioxide
b) argon
99
c) Helium
d) oxygen
1080) The important point of high temperature Steels is that:

a) They can withstand creep failure
b) They may suffer re-heat cracking problems
c) They may suffer loss of Toughness
d) All of the above
1081) The need for pre-heat for Steel will increase if:
a) The material thickness reduces.
b) Faster welding speeds
c) The use of a larger welding electrode

1082) Which of the following discontinuities could be as a primary processing discontinuty often found
in cast material?
a) Fatigue cracks
b) Stress corrosion crack
c) Porosity
d) Lack of penetration
1083) What are the similarities between BS EN 22553 and AWS A 2.4 in depicting welding symbol?
a) Both have the same rule for depicting well all around.
b) Both have the same rule for depicting the other side.
c) Both have the same rule for depicting sequence of operations.

d) Both have the same rule for depicting welding process.
1084) MIG/MAG welding what would be affected if the CTWD was extended?
a) amperage
b) voltage
c) inductance
d) travel speed
100
1085)Elements completed with other electron

cell a) highly reactive
b) inert
c) metallic in nature
d) high melting point metal
1086) Which welding process produce the highest level of hydrogen?

a) TIG autogenous
b) MIG Solid wire
c) FCAW
d) MMA Basic electrode
1087) Which of the following steels is likely to be more susceptible to hydrogen cracking?
a) Carbon equivalent of less than 0.25%.
b) Carbon equivalent of 0.35%.
c) Carbon equivalent of 0.38%.
d) Carbon equivalent of 0.43%.
1088) According EN 22553, if the symbol is on the identification line where does the weld go ?
a) On both sides
b) On the arrow side
c) Opposite arrow side
d) It does not matter
1089) Which one of these these test would most probably used for welder qualification on a plate bird
world using 13mm low carbon steel
a) CTOD
b) Nick break test
c) Fracture fillet test
d) IZOD
1090) If the heat input in the process is increases then which of following statement is correct?
101
a) Toughness reduced & hardness increases.

b) Toughness increases & hardness reduces.
c) Toughness increases & hardness increases.
d) Toughness reduces & hardness reduces.
1091) Solidification cracking

occurs:
a) in the HAZ
b) in the weld metal
c) use low hydrogen electrodes
d) all of the above
1092) The welder have increased the electrode strike out length of the SAW set, what would be effect
on the weld?
a) No effect
b) Weld width would be narrow
c) Penetration will be increased
d) The deposition rate will be greater if wire feed rate is increased also
1093) Which of the following may increase the risk of haz crecking when wedding thick, section
carbon mangnese Steels?
a) Slow cooling after welding
b) Low moisture content in the electrode covering
c) Use of steel grad with a low cev
d) Use of a low heat input.
1094) For cross-country pipelines, which type of mma clectrode require the use of a have pass technique
to reduce the risk of cracking
a) IRON POWDER
b) BASIC
c) CELLULOSIC
d) RUTILE
1095) MIG welding tends to be susceptible to lack of fusion problems, this is because?
102
b) Incorrect settings
c) Poor inter run cleaning
d) All of the above
1096) An amount of which of the following element is positively required to make steals stainless?
a) carbon
b) manganese
c) boron
d) chromium
1097) What does the tem high frequency mean when referring to TIG welding?
a) a high integrity weld is easily achievable
b) the power source gives a high duty cycles
c) a high voltage spark is used to initiate the arc
d) the output from the power source is high
1098) Which of the following NDT method could be used on fillet weld on
aluminum a) DPT
b) UT
c) RT
d) MTI
1099) Solidification cracking takes place in carbon

Steels, a) after post weld heat treatment
b) in the base metal
c) immediately after welding
d) after a few hours
1100) Which would be general the least angular distortion when welding a 50 mm thick
plate a) single v preparation using MMA
b) single v preparation using MIG
c) square edge open butt using electrol slag welding
d) single u preparation using submerged arc welding
103
1101) High intensity energy beams are associated with which of the following welding
processes a) Laser
b) Electron beam
c) Plasma
d) All of the above
1102) Gamma rays and X rays are part of a family of waves are
called a) Acoustic waves
b) Light waves
c) Electromagnetic waves
d) Transverse waves
1103 ) A measure of accuracy of a radiography as an NDT tool is given

by a) Intensity
b) Density
c) Sensitivity
d) Exposure
1104)Basic coated electrodes provided in standard packaging:

a) Are deep penetrating electrodes.
b) should be heated prior to welding to abtain a low H2 content in the weld.
c) should be heated to totally aliminate H2 in the weld.
d) should not be preheated as this will detrimentally effect welding
1105) Charpy testing is carried out on a wedding procedure test plate because?
a) It gives an indication of the through thickness ductility ( in Z direction ).
b) The impact test results can be used to verify that the material has not been adversely affected by
the heat of the welding.
c) It gives on indication of the materials alongation properties.
d) It gives a quick indication of the weld quality for welder qualification test.
1106) A surface Breaking crack will be detected during a magnetic particle in inspection it is
104
a) At right angles of the lines of flux

b) Paraller to the lines of flux
c) At 25 degree to the lines of flux
d) All of the above
1107) In NDT,
a) Radiography is the best method for the detection of lack of side wall single V butt weld
b) DPI can be used for both surface and subsurface defect detection.
c) MPI can be used for both surface and subsurface defect detection.
d) UT is the best method for the detection and sizing of rounded ( nonplanar) defects.
1108) Inherent rectification if the electrical output is produced in the arc then TIG welding
using a) AC with a suppressor
b) AC without a suppressor
c) DC with reverse polarity
d) DC with straight polarity
1109) Which type of SAW flux is more resistant to moisture

absorption a) Fused
b) Agglomerated
c) Basic
d) All of the above
1110) The flame tomporature of oxylacetylene mixture gas is given

as a) 3200 C
b) 2300 C
c) 5000 C
1111) A large grain structure in steels is said to

produce a) Low ductility values
b) Low fracture toughnoss values
c) High fracture values
105
d) High tonsile strength
1112) The main usage of arc cutting/gouging process

is a) The cutting of single bevel preparations
b) The removal of deposited welda
c) The cutting of single U type preparations
d) The cutting/gouging of non ferrous metals only
1113) A common gas mixture used in MIG welding nickel alloys to combine good levels of penetration
with good arc stability would be
a) 100% co2
b) 100% argon
c) 80% argon and 20% co2
d) 98% argon and 2% oxygen
1114) Movement of the arc in MMA wedding by magnetic forces is

called a) Arc deviation
b) Arc misalignment
c) Arc blow
d) Arc eye
1115) Oxy pressure and nozzle size in flame cutting would

influence a) The temperature required for cut initiation
b) The ability to cut stainless steels

c) The depth of cut obtainable
1116) What destructive test would be required to ascertain the likelihood of crack in the HAZ of a
weld a) Nick break
b) side bend test
c) charpy impact
d) macro test
106
1117) Which of the following welding process used a resistive heating system to achived weld
metal deposition?
a) MMA
b) Resistance Spol Weld
c) Eleclro Slag welding
d) Friction Welding
1118) Arc atrike

a) can lead to hard and brittle spot
b) can cause a reduction in area
c) may result in the entire weld removed.
d) All of the above
1119) Which electrodes are very susceptible to causing porosity in the deposited welds if long arc employed?
A) Basic
B) cellulosic
C) Rutile
D) none ot the above
1120) The of cobalt as an isotope would generally be used on

A) thin plate
B) tee joint
C) plate thickness grealei than 25mm
D) none of these
1121) Asymmetrical weld symbols to EN 22553
are: A) The same side of the arrow
B) Different each side of The arrow
C) show fillet weld only
D) show butt weld only
1122) Which of the following in a fusion weld usually has the highest tensile strength?
A) 1.weld metal
B) 2.Parent metal
107
C) 3.haz
D) 4.fusion zone
1123) When refernng to TIG welding, the shielding gas could

be; A) AREGON+HYDROGEN
B) AREGON+HE.
C) ARGON+NITROGEN
D) ALL 0f THE ABOVE
1124) Which of the following electrodes is the most likely to contain the largest quanis combustible
organic compounds?
A) Basic
B) Acidic
C) Rutile
D) cellulose.
1125) Preheat.
A) Is always carried out On C/Mn steels and 316 L stainless steel.
B) Is always camed out On C/Mn steels.
C) Is generaly required if PWHT is to follow
D) Is generally camed Out on C/Mn steels With a CEV > 0.48%
1126) Which electrode has highest recovery rate?

A) Rutile
B) Basic
C) Cellulosic
D) lron powder
1127) Whet hapens to the material as the operating temperature goes up?
A) Loses hardness
B) Yield strength reduces
C) Tendency to get oxidized in creases
D) All of the above
108
1128) CEV.
A) Is normally around 0.36% for fabricate C/Mn steel.
B) Is awaya above 0.48% For fabrlcated C/Mn Steel, this value is requlrad to adequate Strength.
C) Never exceeds 0.048% for fabricated C/Mn Steels.
D) CEV is only applicable for austenitic SS grades.
1129) Preheat
A) Removes all surface Contaminations prior To welding.
B) Reduces the risk of Weld decay and hydrogen crack.
C) makes the joint easier to weld.
D) none of the above.
1130) Which of the following is the odd one out?

A) Underbead cracking.
B) cold cracking.
C) HICC
D) Hot cracking.
1131) Which of the following is true?

A) Run out length reduces, heat input decreases.
B) Run out length increases, heat input increases.
C) Reduced weaving.heat input increases.
D) none of the above.

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108

1. Which type of submerged arc welding flux is susccptible to moisture' pick-up ?

3. A STRA test is used to measure ..

a) the tensile strength of the welded joint

4. The risk of hydrogen cracking is higher when MMA welding of.......

7. The presence of iron sulphides in a weld bead may cause..

8. A macro section is particularly good for showing.....

10. A suitable gas /gas mixture, for GMAW of aluminium is ......

b) across the power source terminals prior to arc initiation

b) wire fced speed

b) on the shell and the nozzle

d)all of the above

a) b=10 measured excess weld metal = 2.5mm

28. When welding thin plate, distortion can be minimised by ....

d) all of the above

31. BS EN 288 is a specification for...

d) consumables for submerged arc welding

32. What determines the penetrating power of Gamma rays ?

a) drive out moisture from the plate

35. A welder approval certificate should be withdrawn if .....

d) all of the above

37. A penetrameter is used to measure....

d) all of the above

b) may adversely affect the quality of the weld

b) using 100% CO2

d) increasing the stick-out length

53. The sensitivity of a radiograph is assesscd....

62. The principie purpose of a welder qualification test is ....

c) reduce residual stresses

65. Undercut may need to be assessed according to ...

67. The strength of a fillet weld is determined by....

d) during welding and after welding only

70. Incomplete root penctration in a single-vee-butt joint may be caused by ..

b) the root gap being too large

d) all of the above

73. A burn-through may occur if ....

74. A Code of Practice is ....

75. A solid inclusion in a weld may be ..

76. Which of the following is a planar imperfection?

80. Slag inclusions may be present in ..

81. The main cause of undercut is.....

d) concave filet with 1 Imm leg

86. The fusion boundary of a fillet weld is..

d) the boundary between the HAZ and parent material

d) not greater than x20

d) it requires more skill and increases the welder's qualification range

91. Which of the following electrodes is classified to BS EN 499?

b) neutral, cellulosic and rutile

d) rutile, low bydrogen and basic

d) the HAZ hardness to be higher

d) all of the above

c) prevent oxidation of the root bead

101.what does the number 141 referto on this drawingsymbol?

b) below the dashed line

d) below the solid line

105. What type of covering do low hydrogen electrodes have ?

d) colour of the flux covering

107. Which of the following units is used to express Heat Input ?

110. Which of the following steels is non-magnetic?

b) incorrect baking and storage of electrodes

d) all of the above

112. A qualified Welding Procedure Specification is used to .....

114. In a transverse tensile test, a brittle fracture would be indicated if ...