Group 4:

Marsha Ikbaar Arafa (1903046087)

Ahmad Farchan (1903046088)
Annisa Try Suprobowati(1903046087)
 1. Cross Cultural Etiquette Awareness
2. Cracking Cross Cultural Etiquette
3. Cross Cultural Dining Etiquette
4. Cross Cultural Gift Giving Etiquette
5. Cross Cultural Negotiation
TABLE OF CONTENT
What is Cross Culture Awareness?
Cultural Awareness is the foundation of communication and it involves the ability of standing
back from ourselves and becoming aware of our cultural values, beliefs and perceptions.

Why Cross Culture Communication is important ?

Globalization: Cross border movement of people, goods and data brings more and more
cultures into contact with one another and increases the potential of cross culture
communication.
▪ Business Opportunities
▪ Job Opportunities
▪ Improves the contribution of employees in a diverse workforce
▪ Sharing of views and ideas
▪ Talent improvisation
▪ An understanding of diverse market
Travelers to foreign countries
must also ensure that they
appreciate the differences in
etiquette.
Example: The incident in Thai
(A poster was distributed for
a US film showing a man
sitting on the head of a statue
of Buddha) The poster
illustrated the lack of cross
cultural awareness
individuals and companies
can have when dealing with
different cultures. Thailand is
an overwhelmingly Buddhist
country and the poster was
seen as an act of degradation
towards the holy.
DEGREE OF CULTURAL AWARENESS
THERE ARE SEVERAL LEVELS OF CULTURAL AWARENESS THAT REFLECT HOW PEOPLE GROW TO PERCEIVE
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES.

* My way is the only way* *My Way and Their Way*

▪ At the first level, people are aware of their
way of doing things, and their way is the
only way. At this stage, they ignore the
impact of cultural differences. (Parochial
stage)
▪ I know their way, but my way is better - At
the second level, people are aware of
other ways of doing things, but still
consider their way as the best one. In this
stage, cultural differences are perceived
as source of problems and people tend to
ignore them or reduce their significance.
(Ethnocentric stage)
▪ At this level people are aware of their
own way of doing things and others’ ways
of doing things, and they chose the best
way according to the situation.
▪ At this stage people realize that cultural
differences can lead both to problems
and benefits and are willing to use
cultural diversity to create new solutions
and alternatives. (Synergistic stage)
DEGREE OF CULTURAL AWARENESS

*Our Way*
▪ This fourth and final stage brings people from different cultural
background together for the creation of a culture of shared ▪ Uk and usa : o.k.
meanings. japan: money
▪ People dialogue repeatedly with others, create new meanings, Russia: zero
new rules to meet the needs of a particular situation. brazil: insult
▪ (Participatory Third culture stage)
▪ High context implies that a lot of unspoken information is implicitly transferred during
communication. People in a high context culture such as Saudi Arabia tend to place a larger
importance on long-term relationships and loyalty and have fewer rules and structure
implemented.
▪ High Context less verbally explicit communication, less written/formal information

▪ More internalized understandings of what is communicated

▪ Multiple cross-cutting ties and intersections with others

▪ Long term relationships

▪ Strong boundaries- who is accepted as belonging vs who is considered an "outsider"

▪ Knowledge is situational, relational.

▪ Decisions and activities focus around personal face-to-face relationships, often around a
central person who has authority.
Examples:
Small religious congregations, a party with friends, family gatherings, expe restaurants
and neighbourhood restaurants with a regular clientele, undergraduate on-campus
friendships, regular pick-up games, hosting a friend in your home overnight. Expensive
gourmet restaurants and neighbourhood restaurants with a regular clientele,
undergraduate on-campus friendships, regular pick-up games, hosting a friend in your
home overnight.
• African
• Brazilian
• Chinese
• French
• Indian
• Italian
• Japanese
• Portuguese
• Russian
• Southern United States
• Spanish
▪ Low context implies that a lot of information is exchanged explicitly through the message itself
and rarely is anything implicit or hidden. People in low context cultures such as the UK tend to
have short-term relationships, follow rules and standards closely and are generally very task-
oriented.
▪ Rule oriented, people play by external rules
▪ More knowledge is codified, public, external, and accessible.
▪ Sequencing, separation--of time, of space, of activities, of relationships
▪ More interpersonal connections of shorter duration
▪ Knowledge is more often transferable
▪ Task-centered. Decisions and activities focus around what needs to be done, division of
responsibilities.
Stereotypes

▪ French: logical, cartesian, elitist, authoritarian, proud.

▪ Germans: rigid, methodical, obsessed with order & privacy,
unemotional, territorial.
▪ Americans: superficial, ‘Frontier Spirit’, materialistic, over-
optimistic
▪ Italians: loud, macho, impatient, over-emotional, talkative,
unorganized
▪ British: imperialistic, ‘Island mentality’, principled, class-
conscious, conservative
▪ Chinese: quiet, hardworking, enigmatic, smiling, cruel
Etiquette is a great way to set yourself apart from your peers. It gives you a
subtle but noticeable career advantage. So, what does it take to
communicate across cultures effectively and politely? How can you prepare
yourself for your next global Zoom meeting and once the pandemic is over
your next work or personal trip abroad?
These days, when we think about cross-cultural etiquette rules, and which
rules work where, our first thought is probably not about our next trip to
Paris, or Rome, but rather our next Zoom meeting with global partners.
Do some research. Research the culture, and learn the most relevant customs, beliefs
and nuances so you can have a better understanding of life and work in another
place. Making an effort to learn some etiquette rules that are specific to the region
you find yourself in most frequently by taking a class or reading some books is the
essence of cultural awareness and the first step toward competence.
For example, looking right into someone’s eyes is considered rude in Japan. This is
directly opposite our more direct American customs. In many parts of Asia it’s also
important to save face, meaning you never point out an elder or superior is wrong
even when they are in a group setting. Further, silence can be awkward for some
Americans, but for the Japanese it’s an expression of respect to the person speaking.
Remember that during your next global virtual meeting with Japanese peers.
In North Asia, handing out business cards with both hands in a respectful manner
will also be noticed. For many in the West they are just bits of card, handed over as
an after-thought, whereas in Asia they are tokens of value and esteem. Speaking
clearly and slowly, avoiding jargon and writing everything down can also help out in
a meeting.
One area of importance in cross cultural awareness is the
different dining etiquettes of the world.
 CROSS CULTURAL DINING ETIQUETTE INVOLVES
CONSIDERING THE FOLLOWING POINTS:

▪ Seating - is there a protocol as to who sits where? Should one wait to be seated? Is it
acceptable etiquette for men/women to sit next to one another?
▪ Eating - what utensils, if any, are used? Is it a knife and fork, hands or chopsticks? Is there any
etiquette around using them?
▪ Body language - how should one sit? Is it bad etiquette to rest elbows on the table? If seated
on the floor what is the correct position?
▪ Conversation - is the meal the proper place to engage in conversation? If so, is discussing
business appropriate?
▪ The food - what foods are common to eat? Is it good etiquette to compliment the cook and
how? Does one finish everything on the plate? Is it polite to ask for more.
▪ Home/restaurant - what differences in etiquette or protocol would there be? Does one take a
gift to the home? Who pays the bill at a restaurant?
 Dining Etiquette in Germany Dining Etiquette in Turkey

▪ It is good etiquette to remain standing until ▪ Meals are a social affair. Conversations are
shown where to sit.
animate and loud.
▪ Table manners are continental - fork in left hand
and knife in right. ▪ The head of the family or honoured guest is
served first.
▪ Do not begin eating until the host signals to do so.
▪ It is good etiquette to insist the most senior is
▪ It is bad etiquette to rest elbows on the table.
served first instead of you.
▪ Try and cut food with the fork as it compliments
the cook by showing it is tender. ▪ Asking for more food is a compliment.
▪ Everything should be eaten on the plate. ▪ If taken to a restaurant, Turkish dining
etiquette has strict rules that the one who
▪ Indicate you have finished by lying the fork and
knife parallel across the right hand side of the extended the invitation must pay.
plate.
One area of importance in cross cultural awareness is in the different gift giving
etiquettes of the world. Understanding gift giving and the etiquette surrounding it
can help international business people cement better relationships with foreign
colleagues, clients or customers.

Cross cultural gift giving etiquette involves considering the following points:
▪ Who is receiving the gift? A person or a group? What is the status of the
receiver(s)?
▪ What types of gifts are acceptable or unacceptable?
▪ What is the protocol associated with gift giving and receiving?
▪ Should gifts be reciprocated?
Gift Giving Etiquette in China
▪ It is the proper etiquette for gifts to be exchanged for celebrations, as thanks for assistance and even as a
sweetener for future favors.
▪ It is however important not to give gifts in the absence of a good reason or a witness.
▪ When the Chinese want to buy gifts it is not uncommon for them to ask what you would like.

▪ It would be wise to demonstrate an appreciation of Chinese culture by asking for items such as ink paintings
or tea.
▪ Business gifts are always reciprocated. Not to do so is bad etiquette.

▪ When giving gifts do not give cash.

▪ Do not be too frugal with your choice of gift otherwise you will be seen as an ‘iron rooster’, i.e. getting a good
gift out of you is like getting a feather out of an iron rooster.
▪ Depending on the item, avoid giving one of something. Chinese philosophy stresses harmony and balance, so
give in pairs.
Gift Giving Etiquette Japan
▪ Gift-giving is a central part of Japanese business etiquette.

▪ Bring a range of gifts for your trip so if you are presented with a gift
you will be able to reciprocate.
▪ The emphasis in Japanese business culture is on the act of gift-giving
not the gift itself.
▪ Expensive gifts are common.

▪ The best time to present a gift is at the end of your visit.

▪ A gift for an individual should be given in private.

▪ If you are presenting a gift to a group of people have them all present.

▪ The correct etiquette is to present/receive gifts with both hands.

▪ Before accepting a gift it is polite to refuse at least once or twice before

accepting.
▪ Giving four or nine of anything is considered unlucky. Give in pairs if
possible.
Gift Giving Etiquette in Saudi
Arabia
▪ Gifts should only be given to the most intimate of friends.
▪ Gifts should be of the highest quality.
▪ Never buy gold or silk as a present for men.
▪ Silver is acceptable.
▪ Always give/receive gifts with the right hand.
▪ Saudis enjoy wearing scent – ‘itr’. The most popular is ‘oud’
which can cost as much as £1000 an ounce.
▪ It is not bad etiquette to open gifts when received.
Cross cultural negoitation is one of many specilized areas within the wider field of cross
cultural communication.
Two negotiators dealing with the same potential client in
the Middle East :

▪ It is likely the potential would have endeared themselves

more to the house negotiation team
▪ They would be able to tailor their approach to the
negotiation in a way that maximizes the potential of a
positive outcome

Examples of topics covered in cross cultural negotiation

training shall be offered:
1. Eye contact
2. Personal space and touch
3. Time
4.Meeting and greeting
5. Gift-giving
▪ 1. The basis of the relationship
in much of Europe and North America, business is contractual in nature. Personal relationships are
seen as unhealthy as they can cloud objectivity and lead to complications. In South America and
much of Asia, business is personal. Partnerships will only be made with those they know, trust and
feel comfortable with. It is therefore necessary to invest in relationship building before conducting
business
▪ 2. Information at negotiations
Western business culture places emphasis on clearly presented and rationally argued business
proposals using statistics and facts. Other business cultures rely on similar information but with
differences. For example, visual and oral communicators such as the South Americans may prefer
information presented through speech or using maps, graphs and charts.
▪ 3. Negotiation style
The way in which we approach negotiation differs across cultures. For example, in the Middle East
rather than approaching topics sequentially negotiators may discuss issues simultaneously. South
Americans can become quite vocal and animated. The Japanese will negotiate in teams and
decisions will be based upon consensual agreement. In Asia, decisions are usually made by the
most senior figure or head of a family.