GIS

Week 1

COORDINATE
SYSTEM
01 SHORT INTRO 03 MAP
TO GIS PROJECTION
02 COORDINATE 04 DISCUSSION
SYSTEM
 WHY

SHORT INTRO TO GIS

GIS ? 3

Pusat Survei Geologi, 2020

➢ Almost every geological data contain location information, GIS

is the best digital representation for data.
➢ It can visualize, store, and manipulate in the same platform
➢ Relatively easy to use and repeatable procedure
 About

SHORT INTRO TO GIS

GIS 4

BNPB, 2020

➢ GIS born under combination of Mathematic, Geography, and Computer

System Knowledge.
➢ Its main application is to store spatial data, therefore it can be use for
any data that contain spatial (location) information
➢ Example of its application: cadaster map, navigation map, online
transportation, etc..
 Who are

SHORT INTRO TO GIS

GIS users?
5

ESRI, 2007
DEFINITION:
COORDINATE SYSTEM
Coordinate
Any of a set of numbers used to locate a point
on a line or surface or in space.

(merriam-webster.com)

COORDINATE SYSTEM
6
Coordinate System
A reference system used to represent the
locations of geographic features, imagery,
and observations, such as Global Positioning
System (GPS) locations, within a common
geographic framework.

(ESRI, 2010)
EARTH SHAPE:
GEOID APPROXIMATION

Geodesy.noaa.gov

COORDINATE SYSTEM
7
➢ Geoid a surface that closely approximates global mean sea level,
but across which gravity is everywhere equal

➢ Is a best estimation of earth shape.

➢ TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite expedition find out that geoid shape

is very complex and cannot be mathematically calculated,
therefore a much simpler earth shape estimation is required
EARTH SHAPE:
ELLIPSOID APPROXIMATION
➢ Ellipsoids are commonly used as
surrogates for geoids to simplify
the mathematics involved in

COORDINATE SYSTEM
relating a coordinate system grid
with a model of the Earth's shape. 8

➢ Ellipsoids are good, but not

perfect, approximations of geoids.

Smith, 1988
DATUM: gsp.humboldt.edu

LOCAL &
EARTH-CENTERED

COORDINATE SYSTEM
9

Long & Ellip, 2003

ELEVATION

COORDINATE SYSTEM
Li and Gotze, 2001
10
EARTH SHAPE

COORDINATE SYSTEM
11
Smith, 1988

GEOID

ELLIPSOID
What coordinate system should we use?
COORDINATE SYSTEM

COORDINATE SYSTEM
Autodesk.com, 2018
12

Portal.tpu.ru
Knippers, 2009
COORDINATE SYSTEM:
SPHERICAL

COORDINATE SYSTEM
13

Andeggs, 2019
 COORDINATE SYSTEM:
GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATE SYSTEM (GCS)

COORDINATE SYSTEM
14

Gisgeography, 2019
 GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATE SYSTEM:
REFERENCE & HOW TO READ

COORDINATE SYSTEM
15

Chang, 2019

Heywood dkk., 2006

 GEOGRAPHIC
COORDINATE
SYSTEM:
MEASUREMENT

COORDINATE SYSTEM
UNIT
16
Heywood dkk., 2006

Chang, 2019
 COORDINATE SYSTEM
GEOGRAPHIC COORDINATE SYSTEM: 17

DECIMAL DEGREE & DEGREE MINUTE SECOND

Campbell & Shin, 2011

MAP PROJECTION
3D → 2D

MAP PROJECTION
18

Maidment, 2006
 3D 3D 2D

GEOID ELLIPSOID MAP

PROJECTION

Geodesy.noaa.gov

MAP PROJECTION
19

Smith, 1988 Robinson projection, 2006

 MAP PROJECTION:
Converting GLOBE into MAP

MAP PROJECTION
20

➢ How do you convert 3D

into 2D object?

➢ Some people literally

cut and flatten a
balloon map. Buczkowski & Awesomeness, 2017
MAP PROJECTION
3D → 2D ➢ Map Projection
A process converting 3D Globe into
2D Map

➢ Why do we need map projection?

MAP PROJECTION
Because Map is in 2D and Globe is in
21
3D

➢ Several generic type of

projection:
✓ Azimuthal (planar)
✓ Cylindrical
✓ Conic
MAP
PROJECTION:
PROJECTION EXERCISE
TYPE
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, but does its name have
anything to do with the liquid metal?

MAP PROJECTION
22

+ + + =

Campbell & Shin, 2011

MAP
PROJECTION:
PROJECTION
TYPE
(Continued)

MAP PROJECTION
23

Campbell & Shin, 2011

MAP PROJECTION:
ILLUSTRATION

MAP PROJECTION
24
 MAP PROJECTION:
ILLUSTRATION

MAP PROJECTION
25

Campbell & Shin, 2011

MAP
PROJECTION:
PROJECTION
TYPE

MAP PROJECTION
8

gistbok.ucgis.org
 MAP PROJECTION:
PROJECTION ASPECT

MAP PROJECTION
8

desktop.arcgis.com

gistbok.ucgis.org
MAP PROJECTION:
PLANAR (AZIMUTHAL) TYPE

MAP PROJECTION
8

Heywood dkk., 2006

MAP PROJECTION:
PLANAR (AZIMUTHAL)

MAP PROJECTION
PROJECTION ASPECT Chang, 2019
29
 MAP PROJECTION:
PLANAR (AZIMUTHAL)
PERSPECTIVE POINT
MERCURY

MAP PROJECTION
30
kartoweb.itc.nl

repository.sustech.edu
MAP PROJECTION:
CONIC TYPE

Venus has a beautiful

name and is the second
planet from the Sun

MAP PROJECTION
31

SOLUTION

Heywood dkk., 2006

MAP PROJECTION:
CONIC TYPE

MERCURY

MAP PROJECTION
32

Chang, 2019
MAP PROJECTION:
CYLINDRICAL (MERCATOR) TYPE

MERCURY

MAP PROJECTION
33

Heywood dkk., 2006

MAP PROJECTION:
CYLINDRICAL
(MERCATOR) TYPE

MAP PROJECTION
34

educationally.narod.ru
 MAP PROJECTION:
CYLINDRICAL
educationally.narod.ru
TRANSVERSE (MERCATOR) TYPE

MERCURY

MAP PROJECTION
35

Chang, 2019
 Venus has a
beautiful name, but
it’s terribly hot

STEP 2 STEP 4
Mercury is the Despite being

MAP PROJECTION
closest planet to red, Mars is a
the Sun cold place, not hot
36

STEP 1 STEP 5
Saturn is the Jupiter is the
ringed one. It’s biggest planet in
a gas giant our Solar System

Longley dkk., 2005

 Venus has a
beautiful name, but
it’s terribly hot

STEP 2 STEP 4
Mercury is the Despite being

MAP PROJECTION
closest planet to red, Mars is a
the Sun cold place, not hot
37

STEP 1 STEP 5
Saturn is the Jupiter is the
ringed one. It’s biggest planet in
a gas giant our Solar System

repository.sustech.edu
asifah.com

MAP PROJECTION
38
MAP PROJECTION:
NORMAL MERCATOR MERCURY

MAP PROJECTION
& TRANSVERSE 39
MERCATOR

Chang, 2019
MAP PROJECTION: icsm.gov.au

PROJECTION
TYPE
OTHERS
MERCURY

MAP PROJECTION
40
MAP PROJECTION:
PROJECTION TYPE
OTHERS

MERCURY

MAP PROJECTION
41

educationally.narod.ru
Why are there
so many
projection
system?
MERCURY

MAP PROJECTION
42

geology.isu.edu Bostock, 2018

Untuk presensi kehadiran hari ini.
Kerjakan QUIZ
Klik link ini:
s.id/Quiz1SIG
43
 MAP PROJECTION:
DISTORTION

MAP PROJECTION
kartoweb.itc.nl
44

The ellipses of distortion plotted on the cylindrical equal-area projection. The flattening of the
ellipses towards the polar regions shows that shape distortions increase towards the polar
regions.
MAP PROJECTION:
DISTORTION

MAP PROJECTION
45

Huffman, 2010
MAP PROJECTION:

MAP PROJECTION
DISTORTION 46

Huffman, 2010
MAP PROJECTION:

MAP PROJECTION
DISTORTION 47

Huffman, 2010
 MAP PROJECTION
MAP PROJECTION: 48
DISTORTION

Huffman, 2010
MAP PROJECTION:
DISTORTION

Scale distortions on a tangent map surface. The central point is not

MAP PROJECTION
distorted on the map.
49

Scale distortions on a secant map surface. Line(s) of intersection are

not distorted on the map.

kartoweb.itc.nl
THANKS!

THANKS!
Does anyone have any questions? 50

Misbahudin
global.leader.up@gmail.com
+62 858 1143 5418
CREDITS

CREDITS
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51
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