introduction, working principle, classification, các thứ của condenser

Objective: to condense the discharge steam from the steam turbine into a liquid form (water), which is
known as condensate back to the boiler.

Working principle:

Shell-and-tube heat exchangers are a common and well-proven heat exchanger. This gadget is made up
of a shell and a bundle of tubes inside it, as its name suggests. In the apparatus, there are two fluid flows
with differing beginning temperatures. The first runs through the tubes, while the second runs across
the tube but within the shell. Heat is transferred from the shell's outer space to the tubes' inner space
and vice versa through the surface of the tubes.

Classification:

Shell-and-tube exchangers are divided into three categories:

+ U-tube heat exchanger: The tube bundle is made up of a series of tubes bent into a U shape and
attached to the shell with a single tubeplate. The key benefit of the bend is that it can raise the
temperature without the use of expansion joints since it is free-floating in the shell and may expand and
contract itself.

+ Fixed-tube sheet exchanger: The heads are welded firmly to the shell at both terminals of the straight
tube system. As it is the simplest to manufacture, this is the most cost-effective form of the shell and
tube design. However, it can only work with a modest temperature difference since it cannot tolerate
the expansion caused by a large temperature difference. Furthermore, because it is difficult to clean up,
the foul will reduce efficiency.

+ Floating head exchanger: We replace one of the two fixed stationary heads with a floating head cover.
This component allows the tubes to expand as the temperature rises without bending the pipes. It
essentially addresses the fixed-tube type's fundamental drawback, albeit at a substantially greater cost.