DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

RESUME

Submitted to fulfill group assignments in the Course Bahasa Inggris

Lecturer of Courses:

Rosmiana M.Pd

Disusun oleh:

FAZIRA AZZAHARA
(21170077)

HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM

INSTITUT AGAMA ISLAM (IAI) AL-AZIZIYAH

SAMALANGA-BIREUEN

1443/2021
Resume

Direct and Indirect Speech

A. DIRECT SENTENCES

Definition of Direct Sentence

A direct sentence is a sentence resulting from a quote that is uttered directly by the
speaker without going through any intermediary, which is exactly what the speaker said.

Characteristics of direct speech

1. In direct sentences, quotation marks are indicated by quotation marks.
2. The first letter of the sentence you pick must be capitalized.
3. Excerpts and accompanying sentences in direct sentences can be separated by
commas.
4. Direct sentences in the form of sequential conversations must use colon punctuation
in front of the sentence
5. The way to read in the quote sentence the intonation is a bit suppressed.

Rules for Writing Direct Sentences

In writing direct sentences there are several things that you should pay attention to,
especially in the use of punctuation, including:
1. The quotation marks are enclosed in double quotation marks (“) instead of single
quotation marks (‘).
2. The closing quotation mark is placed after the punctuation mark that ends the
quotation sentence.
Example :
 Arya said “I will go to campus tomorrow morning.”
 “Those shoes are very nice”, said Dewi
3. The accompanying sentence must end with a comma, usually a colon and a space if
the accompanying sentence is located before the quotation sentence.
Example :
 Shafira asked, “Where are you going today?”
 “Where are you guys going today?” Arya asked.

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 4. If there are 2 quoted sentences, the first letter in the first sentence must be capitalized.
Meanwhile, in the excerpted sentence, the first two letters are lowercase except for the
person's name and greeting words.
Example :
 Just ask dad for help," said mom, "he'll definitely help you."
 Arya said, "The shoes I wear are expensive shoes," whereas Widi said, "Arya's
shoes are cheap shoes."

Here are some examples of direct sentences:

1. “You are indeed a smart child.” Mother said to Arya.
2. Shafira said, "I will go to grandma's house this afternoon."
3. Mother ordered, "Take this food to the next door neighbor."
4. Mother said, "Cidep don't play too much, you also have to learn a lot!"
5. “I really do love you.” Arya said to Shafira.
6. Abdi said, "Try to help me to complete this task!"
7. Auntie said, "Go home as soon as possible because soon it will rain!"
8. “The inner contact between mother and child,” he said, “is a priceless grace from
Allah.”
9. "When will you return my shoes?" I asked.
10. “Buy me a new dress!” Sita asked.
11. Shadira said, “I met my idol, Wayne Rooney, during a visit to Manchester United.”
12. Dad said, "Tomorrow mom and dad will go to grandma's house and stay there for
three days."
13. Indah said, "You have to study hard so that your goals can be achieved."
14. "If you want to be a survivor of the world and the hereafter, then be diligent in
worshiping," said Mr. Ustadz.
15. “Where is my red hat?” Intan asked her sister.

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 B. INDIRECT SENTENCES
Indirect sentences are sentences that contain other people's statements in the form of
sentences.

Characteristics of Indirect Sentences

1. How to read flat intonation.
2. In indirect sentences we do not need to use quotation marks.
3. There is a change in personal pronouns.
4. Usually uses a connecting word or conjunction "that"
Example :
 Dad said, “He is his office mate.”
 My father said that Pak Bambang was his office mate.
 The teacher said, "You have to study to face the promotion test."
 The teacher said that we had to study for the promotion test.

Characteristics and Writing Procedures

Just like with direct sentences, indirect sentences also have their own characteristics
and writing rules that make indirect sentences different from other sentences. The
characteristics and writing rules are described as follows.

There is a change in personal pronouns in the quoted part of the sentence.

First person pronouns become third person pronouns.

I He / Third person name.

I She / Third person name.

We They / Third person name..

The second person pronoun becomes the first person pronoun.

You I.

You Me.

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The second person plural pronouns “we” or “you” become “we” or “they”, depending on the
content of the sentence.

Your Us.

We Our.

There is no need to use double quotation marks (“...”).

Speak straightforwardly using connecting words or conjunctions such as that, because,

so, so, about and so on.

The prosecutor stated that Jessica was responsible for Mirna's death by adding poison to
Mirna's coffee.

Mr. rahmat told us to work on the questions on the blackboard and then collect them at his
desk during break time.
Andi was silent because he didn't understand what we were really talking about.

Just a news sentence

Indirect sentences are someone's words that we repeat, so that the resulting sentence is only a
news sentence, although in the indirect sentence there are quotations that are originally in the
form of statements or orders.
For example :

Correct :
Andre had seen Clara say that she wanted to leave her house.
Anita had asked me about the location of the toilets in this school.

Wrong :
Andre had seen Clara say that she wanted to leave her house!
Anita had asked me about the location of the toilets in this school.

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Indirect sentences are read with a flat intonation and descending at the end of the
sentence
Because the resulting sentence is a news sentence, the sentence is not directly read
with the intonation of reading ordinary news sentences. This is because in news sentences all
parts of the sentence are considered to have equality, without any phrases that must be
highlighted or get the listener's attention.

Here are some examples of indirect sentences:

1. My father said that he and his mother would go out of town and stay for three days
there.
2. Uncle said that I have to study hard so that my goals can be achieved.
3. The doctor said that I had to take medicine and that I had to get enough rest.
4. The ustadz said that if I want to survive the world and the hereafter, then I must be
diligent in worshiping.
5. The president said that this haze disaster is nothing but the result of human activity.
6. Anisa asked me if Shafira went to school today.
7. My father asked me where I will continue my education after school.
8. Nia asks her mother where is her red hat.
9. Doni asked Indah how they could become like Shadira.
10. Aji said that he met his idol, Wayne Rooney when he visited Manchester United.
11. My mother told me to be a child who respects elders.
12. Joni said he would wait for me tomorrow in front of the house.
13. Ansari said that he did not understand the material conveyed by Mrs. Rani earlier.
14. Aldo said that I should try his mother's cooking.
15. Ani asked her mother to buy her a new uniform.

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C. Changing Direct Sentences and Indirect Sentences
1. Changing Direct Sentences and Indirect Sentences

The first thing you need to know when changing a direct sentence into an indirect
sentence into an indirect one is that there is a change in the personal pronouns found in the
quoted sentence, as follows.

First person pronouns become third person pronouns.

I His / Third person name.

Example ;

Andi said, "I like the Manchester United football club which is from England."

Become

Andi admits that his favorite football club is Manchester United from England.

I Him / Third person name.

Contoh :

"I want to be an astronaut!" Dika told the story in front of the class.

Become

In front of the class, Him admits that he wants to be an astronaut

.

We They/ Third person name.

Example :

"We want justice!" the demonstrators shouted, "Ahok investigates the applicable law!"

Become

The demonstrators shouted for justice, they wanted Ahok to be investigated according to the
applicable law.

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 The second person pronoun becomes the first person pronoun.
You Me.

Example:

"I want to marry you," said Sofyan as he knelt in front of me.

Become

Sofyan says if he wants to marry me.

You I.

Example:

Nadia hugged me and said "You are really lucky to have someone like Sofyan as a
husband"

Become

Nadia said that I was very lucky to have a husband like Sofyan.

The second person plural pronouns 'we' or 'you' become 'we' or they', depending on
the content of the sentence.

Your Us.

Example :

"Congratulations on your graduation," said Pradippto sincerely.

Become

Prapdipto congratulated us.

We We

Example :

Musa came embracing my shoulder, "Don't worry, we can do it."

Become

It was Musa who convinced me that we could do it.

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