Table 17-12 Gears without Case Hardening – Allowable Hertz Stress

Surface Lower Limit of

Material Arrows indicate the ranges Hardness Tensile Strength σH lim
kgf/mm2 kgf/mm2
HB HV (Reference)
37 34
SC37
42 35
Cast SC42
46 36
Steel SC46 49 37
SC49 55 39
SCC3 60 40
G 120 126 39 41.5
130 136 42 42.5
140 147 45 44
G 150 157 48 45
S25C G 160 167 51 46.5
Normalized 170 178 55 47.5
Structural H S35C G G 180 189 58 49
Steel 190 200 61 50
S43C 200 210 64 51.5
S48C S53C
H | 210 221 68 52.5
S58C 220 231 71 54
H H 230 242 74 55
240 253 77 56.5
H 250 263 81 57.5
G 160 167 51 51
170 178 55 52.5
180 189 58 54
190 200 61 55.5
Quenched G 200 210 64 57
and S35C G 210 221 68 58.5
Tempered 220 231 71 60
Structural G 230 242 74 61
Steel 240 252 77 62.5
250 263 81 64
S43C S48C 260 273 84 65.5
H S53C 270 284 87 67
| 280 295 90 68.5
S58C 290 305 93 70
H H 300 316 97 71
310 327 100 72.5
H 320 337 103 74
330 347 106 75.5
340 358 110 77
350 369 113 78.5
Table 17-12 Gears without Case Hardening – Allowable Hertz Stress (continued)
Surface Lower Limit of
Material Arrows indicate the ranges Hardness Tensile Strength σH lim
kgf/mm2 kgf/mm2
HB HV (Reference)
220 231 71 70
G 230 242 74 71.5
240 252 77 73
250 263 81 74.5
260 273 84 76
Quenched G 270 284 87 77.5
and SMn443 G 280 295 90 79
Tempered G 290 305 93 81
Alloy SNC836 300 316 97 82.5
Steel | 310 327 100 84
SCM435 320 337 103 85.5
330 347 106 87
H 340 358 110 88.5
SCM440 350 369 113 90
SNCM439
H 360 380 117 92
370 391 121 93.5
H 380 402 126 95
390 413 130 96.5
H 400 424 135 98

Table 17-13 Gears with Induction Hardening – Allowable Hertz Stress

Heat Treatment Surface
σH lim
Material before Hardness
kgf/mm2
Induction Hardening HV (Quenched)
420 77
440 80
460 82
480 85
500 87
Normalized 520 90
540 92
560 93.5
580 95
Structural S43C 600 and above 96
Carbon 500 96
Steel S48C 520 99
540 101
560 103
Quenched 580 105
and 600 106.5
Tempered 620 107.5
640 108.5
660 109
680 and above 109.5
500 109
520 112
SMn443 540 115
Structural SCM435 Quenched 560 117
580 119
Alloy SCM440 and 600 121
Steel SNC836 Tempered 620 123
SNCM439 640 124
660 125
680 and above 126
 Table 17-14 Carburized Gears – Allowable Hertz Stress
Surface
Effective σH lim
Material Hardness
Carburized Depth kgf/mm2
HV (Quenched)
580 115
600 117
620 118
640 119
Relatively 660 120
Structural S15C
Shallow 680 120
Carbon
(See 700 120
Steel S15CK
Table 17-14A, 720 119
row A) 740 118
760 117
780 115
800 113
580 131
600 134
620 137
640 138
Relatively
660 138
Shallow
680 138
(See
700 138
Table 17-14A, 720 137
SCM415 row A) 740 136
760 134
SCM420
Structural 780 132
Alloy 800 130
SNC420 580 156
Steel
600 160
SNC815 620 164
Relatively 640 166
SNCM420 Thick 660 166
(See 680 166
Table 17-14A, 700 164
720 161
row B)
740 158
760 154
780 150
800 146

NOTES: 1. Gears with thin effective carburized depth have "A" row values in the
Table 17-14A on the following page. For thicker depths, use "B" values.
The effective carburized depth is defined as the depth which has the
hardness greater than HV 513 or HRC 50.
2. The effective carburizing depth of ground gears is defined as the residual
layer depth after grinding to final dimensions.
 Table 17-14A
Module 1.5 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 15 20 25
A 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8
Depth, mm
B 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.4 2.0 2.5 3.4
NOTE: For two gears with large numbers of teeth in mesh, the maximum
shear stress point occurs in the inner part of the tooth beyond
the carburized depth. In such a case, a larger safety factor, S H ,
should be used.

Table 17-15 Gears with Nitriding – Allowable Hertz Stress

Surface Hardness
Material σH lim kgf/mm2
(Reference)
Nitriding SACM 645 Standard Processing Time 120
Over HV 650
Steel etc. Extra Long Processing Time 130 … 140
NOTE: In order to ensure the proper strength, this table applies only to
those gears which have adequate depth of nitriding. Gears with
insufficient nitriding or where the maximum shear stress point occurs
much deeper than the nitriding depth should have a larger safety
factor, SH.

Table 17-16 Gears with Soft Nitriding (1) – Allowable Hertz Stress
σH lim kgf/mm 2
Nitriding
Material Time Relative Radius of Curvature mm(2)
Hours less than 10 10 to 20 more than 20
2 100 90 80
Structural Steel
or 4 110 100 90
Alloy Steel 6 120 110 100
NOTES: (1) Applicable to salt bath soft nitriding and gas soft nitriding
gears.
(2) Relative radius of curvature is obtained from Table 17-6.