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Solutions Manual Elements of Electromagnetics Sadiku 3rdpdf PDF Free
Solutions Manual Elements of Electromagnetics Sadiku 3rdpdf PDF Free
Solutions Manual Elements of Electromagnetics Sadiku 3rdpdf PDF Free
Vx B= a,(0- 6pzcosh)+ ay(p sing - O)+ a: (pz cosd ~ pzcos>)
cosh a,+psind a, + (6z- /)zcos$ a:
q44
©
Z
Vx -12 cog —
C= a,— Find (r"? cos - 0) +
a
a
> 3 ong:
= r'*cot0a,- (2cot6 sing + gr a
_ 2rcosd sing 3,
aad #2), % 7 (0 2rsind cose)
2sin8 cotd a
At 5D, VxC= 1732a,~ 45ae- 05a,
P.E. 3.9
4 Ae dl= [(W x AyedS
i 5
~ =. Zoos
But (Vx A)=singa.+
J0v x AyedS= [fp sing ad ap
5
#2, and d= pdbdpa.
p ”
= 5 ceose|
= -$+= 1
P.E. 3.10
49 6
ao @
Ver GF
a a
AA a AL (2h. 24;
Ga ae" Ga zee (aa Gade?
PE, 3.11
(a)
VUs Len y)+ Le + xz)+ Zw)45
If B is conservative, V x B= 0 must be satisfied.
fo 4 @
ox dy az
ly+zcosxz x xcosxz|
= Oa,+ (cosxz- xzsinxz- cosxz+ xzsinxz)a,+ (I- Ia: =0
Hence B is a conservative field.
(b)
1a é
VV = ——p(zsing+ 2, and We sing- 22 © singcosg)+ L(psing + 22 ‘cos’ g)
pa” b+ 2p) pesing- D
1 5 2
= Jiesings 4p)- —s(cpsing+ 22" cos2g) + 2cos" g.
2
= 44 2cos' g- = cos2¢,
ae
(c)
>, 1a 11 !
vif= TF aolps , cos8 sind + 2r’ "o]+ Fang or sin’ 0 sing Inr]
ig {7 cosd sind Inr}
= Acoso sing(/~ 2lt.- es0?@ Inr) + 68
P.E. 3.12
— SS46
(b)
dl = rsinddg;
i a
= fat =rsino { ag = (ysin30°((Z)- 0] = 05236.
} pe236
©)
dl= rdp
L= [ater fao- 4% 5) . aiso
4 26° 3°=—
6
Prob. 3.2
@
dS= pdgdz
; st aa
S= [as = plfdpa: = 2 fae Jas = 291F-F] =
5
(b)
In cylindrical, dS = p dp dp
fa-2@p-
= fas = [oa Joo = FQ
(c) Inspherical, dS = r’ sind aa
*
S= fas = 100 [sinda [ap= 100(2n\(-cosd) | = 200x(0.5- 07071)= 7.584
a =
qd)
dS=rdr®47
Prob.3.3
(a) dV = dedydz
Vs fasdyde = fae [dy faz = () 2- NG--3)= 6
(b) dV = pdodpdz
54
[= ntn— 5) 2 2(25- 4(5 (28) = 35n =
I 3772 3
1 ln, 26x,
a 37- DQG) gt
Prob 3.4
y
x
alone
fo,as = J Joes odvae
0 920
1 we tog
= foeyt aes foe's Sa
a
i48
Prob. 3.5
Jaedt = [(x'des y? dy)
Buton L, y= x" dy= 2xde
faea-= Joes x 20a
i °
Prob. 3.6
i a sin0 0 dr dh = 2 cosa)
0 050
Vv %
@=5
Prob.3.7
(a)
frei = fe = 2)dy[ + Joel + Je Sz")
z
= orf - af
= 0+4-54= - 50
(b)
Let x= 2. y=t, z= 30
de=2dt, dys dt, de= dt;
an 19
JFeal = fer -sr- 1620) ae = “ze
3
Prob.3.849
’ 7
fivai = Jenne, + Jorrarel)
+ fort adv + Syzar|
[oor Judy 90-5
og ay?
+ fete
J pyr py
“3 y 1
+e etl = 5-304
nin NIN
eG
Prob. 3.9
The surface S can be divided into 5 parts as shown below:
z Si50
ba
~ J Jo°z(cos¢ + sing)ab dpa. =0
90920
For 4,, 6 = o dS=dpdeay
1
A= | [pz(cost + sing)dp dz a,
p
e St
For 4,, 60, dS= dpdey-ay)
fo+na = 1a
Nin
A= -ay
- a 4- - 2
Thus, 4= [va3 = J+ 04 day dy = fat 1333,
Prob 3.10
(@) | Adv= | 2xydedydza, + [xzdrdydea,- Jycedydza.
Pop a a Raa
= 2fxdi | ydy[dca.s [rae [ay faded, + fac | rdy [aca31
Since fae Sf= 2 and jace 2, we get
()
4,
4
A
JAdv= 22 2)2)a.+ (22)(2)4, ~ 22AV(2)a
= 16.a,+ 8ay- 8.
[+ [ cost sing 0] { 2x]
4,| = |-sing cose ol] xz
la} Loe 0 al-y
= 2xycosd + xzsing = 2p’ cos’§ sing + p zcosd sing
4,
A, =~ 2xysing + xzcos¢ = -2p" cos sin’ 4 +p zcos”§
A,
=> y= -pcosp
dv = pdb dp dz
JAdv = [ff2p° cos’ ¢ d(- cosh )dp dea, + [f]p?zcoso d- cost Jap dea,
= 2[ffo” sin? ¢dlsind dp dzay + [[Jozcos" 4 a dp dz ay
~ [fJo? cosy cp dp dea
Pa
Since Jeosp &=0,
J aa= 2% leosal"s
Eeteseeete, + tsin2ayfay
1.
=0+ 040+ (Nay
6.25 ay
sinO cos cos@ cos - sind] { 2xy
= |sinOsing cos@sing cos || xz
cosd = -sind =o | | -y32
J adv= [ff2r‘ sin’ cos’ 4 d(cost)® ab dra,
+ [J fr’ sin?@ cos’ 8 cos’ 9 8 dedra,
+ [fr sin?0 cose sing 8 dh dra,
+ [Jf 2rsin’@ sin? 4 d(sing a8 ab dra
“ff
~ [J fr’ sin? @ cose sing ch oh dra
“ff
-
[[r‘sin?@ cos’@ cos sind dBadbdray
[2r/ sin’ 8 cos® sing cos) cd db dray
[r‘sin’@ cos? @ cosh a8 db dr ay
redid et a
= Sb jeos20f J cos0 (- cos’6) da,
ht pe hee
= 2048 Gptfors 0c - feos! 0a ]a,
3
But Joos « G 5 ny
a
2
Since cos40 = 8cos‘@ - 8cos’0-
: ;
Joos oa = 5+ e
1" cim
Iw oe
ole NIA
wi %
faav= 102.4Prob 3.11
24a
Vi=A
V=B
Bt —+ Vi = 244C
Att =0, V,V,V.) = (-2,0,5). Hence,
B=0, C25
a x=-2t+D
—+ yeE
qn ets _— z= 1207+ St+ F
Al (= 0x=0,y=0,2= 0. Hence, D= 0= E= F
1.20? + 5¢
=-2, y=0,2=6.2. Thus the particle is at
x=-2t,y=0,
art (241+ S)a34
(c)
jy GH IH. 1 a.
VH= at ~Fayt
a a0" rsind ap
2cosOcoshar~ rsinOcospar- rcosBsingay
Prob 3.13
= 208”) cos5za.+ 3e*"*" cosSzay - Se” sinSza:
At (0.,-0.2,0-4)
22499) = 992-96 - 0.6703, cosSz= cos2=-0.4161, sindz= 0.9092
VV = 2(0.6073)(-0.4161)a,+ 3(0.6703\-0.4161)a,~ 5(0.6203\0.9092)
8367 ay- 3.047
0.5578 a,
(b)
VI= Se sind a,+ Se” cosh ay- 10pe™™ sing az
At (2,50
2.50)
VT= (S\O.5)ay+ S((0.5) ay- 10(2)( 10.866) a:
= 25ay+ 25ay~ 17.324
(©) *
poe ~Zsind sind 5 , cosd sing
r
At (1,30°,90°),
=20S\I) - , (086\(1) - - -
vo- OI), COO a = - 4,4 0866 a
Prob 3.14
VS= 2xayt 2ya,-
At (13.0),(b)
(©
VS= 2a,+6a,-a: and a,
Qn = 0.3123 a,+ 0.937 a,- 0.1562a-
Prob 3.15
0 T= 2xa.t 2ya,-
At (11,2), ¥ 7 = (2,2,-1). The mosquito should move in the direction of
2a.+ 2a
Prob 3.16 (a)
Ve A= ye” + xcosxy- 2xcoszxsinzx
af a
VxA=|ex dy ez
le” sinxy cos’ xz|
= (0- 0)a,+ (0+ 2zcosxzsinxz)a, + (ycosxy- xe”) a:
= zsin2xza, + (ycosxy- xe” Ja.
,_1¢ ;
VeB = —— (p72? cosd) + 0+ sin’g
pp” 9)
= 2z'cos¢ + sin’ ¢
L
p a
_ zsin2) -
_ 2B, a8,
O)ayt a3 pa + fo- Woe
FOES y+ 2pzcosd y+ 2’ sing a:
a56
(b)
(©)
=e I -
VxC= or sin?0)- 0}a,+ {t0- © (2r' sind) ay
ns
{2 ( sinoy+ rsinoa
+75, 6 sin6)+rsin6 ja,
= 4rcos0 d,- 6r sind ay+ sind ay
Prob 3.17 (a)
~yaxt 2za,- y*
+ Haya, 1 HOA) Ay
oz * at a ee?
= (0- 0)a,+ (p? - 32?) ay+ Sew’ -O)a:
= (9? - 32°) ayt 47a.
VeVx =O
,._! a cost
Vxa= ee sind cosp)a, + [S55
= 72088-6085 I) C086 a ogy
= ang 2 Lagiag + 7 C050 ay
ot cos a,+ St oot cos0) ae
Hence. Ve /f=0
s ao cos® Jag + Lo- Oa,7
Prob 3.19
(a)
Ve A= Sua, Wa wa, Lea
ev ov
=(A, Sven, (4, ae
ey a
au
(b)
VeA= 243-421; VV = yzayt x2a,+ xya:
Ve A)= WedAt Avy
= xyzt Dayzt Byz- 4xyz= 2x yz
Prob 3.20 (a)
[one nene
VxVA=|dx dy dz
VA, VA, VA,
“15. )- 2m, Ma. hoa, 2 5 A: Ma,
fu, )- aw, Ja:eV -
vt Fpa)x(Aedy+ A, a+ Aa)
(b)
1 | .
; pr sinBcospag
1
Vx(V A= Gt 77 SinOcosOcos¢- 0)a, + tos 73 8inBcos9)ae +
1
dor tsinoya,
rer
2cosOcos$- sincos- sind
= Ort = tot Sy
r r r
Prob 3.21
QU, OU, | wu
grad Us Gast Goat Soa:
= (z-2xy)a, + Sad tale
Div gradU = VeVU = Le. 29)+ Zax! =x Lee 2y*2z)
= = 2y422?- 29?
= u@-y'-y)
Prob 3.22
Ving = ~inp)a.+ Geman e Inp)a.
a+ a,
Pp59
Prob 3.23
Ve=—a, V0 = —ae
rsing r
rV@ ae
sind sin@
we 7.
VCS) = Zsin0 ay
rve
vo=V
Tw, V4= 9 x(n
Prob 3.24
(a) VV = (6xy+ z)ar+ 3x? ay+ x:
VevV= 6y
noone
VxVV=| ax ay
l6xy+2 3x?
(6) VV = zcos$ a,~ zsing ay+ pcos
1a
VeVV = ~(pzcosd)+ =cos0 + 0= ~coso
op ° e
VV =
re60
(c) PV = Soar eosdsing +
OSE ogg sin’ 8)
4 cos si
Tragrgeosdsing !
4 40s) i
= 2arcossing + °° _ geosgsing - 12288sind :
sin®
Ve OV
Prob. 3.250 !
(a) ‘
°
(Ver) T= 37 = 6yzay+ Ixy" a,+ 3x°yza,
é T ef - - . - .
ae pin ot =x (y"ay+ Qyed.)+ y(22d.+ 2xyay+ x20.)
+ 2(2ya,+ x°ya:)
= dyzaet 3xy? ayt 4x°yz
© \
Ver(reT) = 3 (2xy24 ay + x°y2?) ‘
= Oxyz+ 3xy? + 3x7 yz?
o
(reV)r= ods 1De ty'tz?)
= x(23)+ yQy) + 2022) '
= 2x? 4 yt 22) = 2r? |
Prob. 3.26
a é é
(a)Vr" on OT) + Or") oer)
where "= (x? + 9° ie61
. ae ae
Vets 20565) (x7 + yt 2) +29) D+
tre ret
pe
+22°G) Gey?
enix? ty? tz?) (x? + y+
=nr"+ Sr" =
int 3)r”
a
(Wares
= 2yGyate’ + y +2)?
=0
Prob. 3.27
(a) Let V= Inr= In fx? +2?
veil ty yay %
der DEH) Ze
wre ae 5, ig, « Haat vant ras F
ox oy oz r L
Io .
&) Levy = A= = ay in spherical coordinates.
, 1 4 ld
2 5 a > An = 5
V? (Inr)= 00 Uma 0 A= (Ar = Sn)
Prob 3.28
(a)
Yertyes
= 462) 23). 2
= OP 5 )+ 2G")
= 6x + Oy + 62 = (xt V+
(b)
n 202 nth
- 2265)" tyezy dat...62
3
sin2g+ 5 Cresin29)
Pp
= Asin2g- = sin2g+ 2psin2¢
a o iB p+ 2p:
+ 2p)sin2,
a a
(©)
Vi= ne cos@ sing)
: 2
VV, = Zur (/+ cos@ sing )] + — cea a sin@ sing )r
1
Se sin’ ‘enor + Frgintg!(- c0sdsing)
ind eo
= 6(I+ cosdsind)- 7 cosdsing- <==
= 6+ 4cosOsing- costing
Prob 3.29
@)
U= xy’
Age:
vues _Grv'e + gy every ae ‘ye ®)
= 6xy"e + ax" e+ xtyre™ = (Oxy? + 2x? + x?
At (LD,
VU =e! (642+ N= 9e= 24.46
b)
V = p’z(cosd + sing)
vV= 5 fl’ stcos + sind)]- z(cos¢ + sing) + 0
'2(cos + sing) ~ 2(cosé + sind)
(cost + sing)
At 6.5 2), V*V = -6(0.866 + 0.5)= -8.196(©)
W=esinO cos
, a, a
vin = 5 (-r'e” sind cos$)+ cost 55 (sin0 cos0)
ror
e”' sin8 cos@
r sin? 0
4
VW = e* sind cosp(I-~)
At (1,60° 30°),
V?W = e”' sin60cos30(I- 4) = -2.25e! = - 08277
Prob 3.30
(a)
ev ev eV
WV = art ott BF
= 2(y?2z? + x72? + x*y?)
(b)
VA=V?A, 4,4+V7A,a,+ V7 Aa:
= (2y+ 0+ 0)ax+ (0+ 0+ 6xz)a,+ (0- 22” - 2y’)a.
= lyay+ 6x2a,- Ay? + 2’)a.
grad div A=V(V«A) = V(2xy+0- 2y'2)
(d)
curl curl A=VxVxA =V(VeA)-V?A
From parts (b) and (c),
Vix d =64
Prob. 3.31
(a)
ffeat= J
+ fe JoFea
2
For I,y= x dy= de,dl = deast dyay,
1
fm f ae
1
xde= ==
4
For 2, y= -x+ 2,dy= -dx,dl = aaa
[Far {c x? + 2x?- x4 Dade = 2
For 3,
a
[Fae Jxrvarl_,=0
; 1.17
fFedl = -7 + 7540 =
(b)
VxF=-x'a.; dS= dedy(-a:)
Jvx Pyeds= -[fex)dedy = ff
(©) Yes
zl
vy dee *t + Jrcre ng Z
7
x
x? dyde + { fedex
7
665
Prob 3.32
(@)
foie (lf off off + ff me
a rs
= ~ [Jp cos? bebe + [[p? cos’ ¢eitdp - Jf 20?2*dbae|, + Jf 2072%dpael
ut an
= (2) Jap fz'de+ 205)? [ep [z?ate
a4 a4
car 1
== 82)G 1) +502RG U1)
= 2328, 200%
3 3
Ba LB cay 222y 2 42?
(Ye De Spi") = 42
- 126
J+ Dav = [ff4z’pdpde de = 4 [z*dz [pp Ja
yo}
[a0 56x = 17666
Prob 3.33
Transform F into cylindrical system
[* cosp sing olf x° |
F,| = ]-sing cosp 0) y?
F] | o 0 1| oT
ing = p*cos’}+p’sin’6,
Fro? e084 + psn’ bys 2z~- pcos’ - 2p cos sin’
+ 2p sing cos’ § +p sin’ >
= 2pcos’$ + 4p sin’ § - 2p cosd sin’ § + 2p cos” sing + 22
JFeas= [vera
Due to the fact that we are integrating sing and cos over 0< 4 < 2n, all
terms involving cos} and sing will vanish. Hence,
Men 2
JFas= [zz pdpdbde= 2 | ch [raz [pap
ano
2
= 22a
50.26
Prob 3.34
@
fAedS= [ve dd, VeA=yezex
i
(b)
Vedas.67
Prob 3.35
(a)
Vod=y't3y'+ y= Sy?
Jueadv= ff [sy'dcdyd:
1
= sfae [yrayfa » 5000) 1667
a
Pees of oN of olf of vee
=f fo'dee| + [fpo'arae|,,- [fr'acarl ,
+ [foracde|_,- [fo*zarar| + [fy’sdar|_,
; ,
= Mn D+ nM MD [)= 1667
(b)
, 1a 3zc0sb _,_ 4, , 320086
Ve As 5 (pte) dee
Ir oAs Ife? TF eost dba
25 bo
= 4fpdp fz | ay + 3 fad Joss ae
ear 3
“AQAA + 32Zrsinas
= 25n+75sin4S? = 131.57
fAeds= fe [f+ [f+ [f+ ffi4eas
It dy t Ist Spt Jy68
tefl
Jfsesingdpde|, = 0
= [J 3esingdpad |, «=
f AedS= 250+ meee 13157
©
VeA= aie “y+ Srsint Ocos¢)
=4r¢ ——
[0+ Adve [ff4r’ sindoaabdr+ I}? see cos8 cost cid dr
= El cosoyfEy 2p fing
= sKn)+ 18(0+ Due 0)
= a 9= 136.23
G a6
Jaasetlf+ [f+ {f+ fhaas \
Ad ose
Since A has no 4 - component. the first two integrals vanish.
a2 a? 4m i
faas= f Jr'sino ad a | + J JP? sin’ @ cosdra |
eo go ro go
= 8! ® GC cost) [+ 9(2) sing [
i
= a +9 = 136.23
Prob. 3.36
Joy av = 4 4eas (divergence theorem) {
where p, = VeA=x'+ y? i
aA, x? '
gx 7 A HG |
a4 y? '
yp — A 5 CG, :
Hence, '
!
3 2
A= Ge Ga. + G+ Cay
Prob. 3.37 .
@ yh
ab
'
t
i
v
x 1
° da70
|
tl
d= dpa, + pdbay
Aedl= psingdp + p’db
Along oa: do = 0, 20, “AedT=0, [iedT=0
,
Along 0b: dp=0, p=2, [dedT=0, [ad=4n
Along bo: dp=0, $=
Hence, 4 AedT= 4n-2
) a
4
Along ab, = 0,'9=0, Aediz0, faedl=0.
Along be, dp=0, Aedi=p'db,
Jaedl = fo’ = (2)'(n-0)= 8x
i
;
Alongcd, dj=0, $=, Avdi=0, [dedi=0
Along da, dp=0, Aedl=p'd,
J Aedi= 9 fay = UO-n)=-1
1 5
Hence, fAed/ = 0+ 8240-5
This may be checked by using Stokes’ theorem,n
Prob. 3.38
Let y = ¢FedS= y,+y,ty,ty
Wit Va '
where V,.Vs.Vys ¥, are the fluxes through the top surface, bottom surface.
outer surface (p = 3), and inner surface respectively.
3
For the top surface, dS = pdb dpa:, z
FedS = p? z db dz. Hence:
+t 190 1
Jovem a|= Oe
pa? a0
For the bottom surface, = 0, dS= pdb dp(-az)
FadS= Aap dp =0. Hence, y,= 0.
For the outer curved surface, p= 3, dS = pdbdzay
FedS = p’sing db dz. Hence,
4 2
va = fap’ Jsing ay, = 0
oo
For the inner curved surface, p= 2, d5= pd) dz(-a.)
Fed8 = p?sing dp dz. Hence,
m
v= Jao? Jsing ap |, 0
0
“0
190% 190 «
y= 0404040 =
y= fieds= [vera
. 18 10
VeF= pap eh sind) + > ay (eose) + Pp
= 3p sing -[veFav = {ll} sing - sing +) pad dpa
4
0402 fae : at Jodo
190
Prob. 3.39
Let B=VxT
w= fBedS= [veBav=[vevxTav=0
Prob 3.40
O= —-prsinA(cosd- sing)a.+ (cosg+ sing)a,
= r(cos¢- sing)a,+ r(cosg+ sing)a,
Q,| [sindcosp sindsing cosa ][Q,
Q,|= |cosBcosp cosAsing -sind||Q,
Q, -sing cos¢ 0 Sle
Q= rsinOa, + rcosOay + ray
(a)
di= pdba,, p= rsin30°= 2
2= rcos30= V3
= pee
2
fQvdt= | Ip +2 pag= 22) = 4n
a
(b)
Vx Q= cotOa, - 2a» + cos0 ay
For S,. dS5= r' sind & doa,
Jovx Opes = [r'sing cot0 ab |
fw
= 4 [de foose d= sx2B
(c)
qd)
©)
For 5; dS=rsin@ddray
Jw Qeas= = 2frsind ab dr|,
30"
= - 2sin30[rdr fap
ao
=-4n
For S,, dS =r’ sind d Ba,
[OQvas= 1° Jsin? 0.08 |
now
= 8 [dp sin? a
3
x V3
= 45-“Sl
22
For S;, dS5=rsin@ dp dra»
[Quas= Jr? sind cosd op dr|,
20
_ tay3
oar
21 2 rene 2 ee
VeQ= 5 (sind) + 5 Fp (sindeosd) +0
= 2sin@+ cos@cot@
Jv +Qav = f(2sind+ cosacot 6)" sinddddbdr
Pale
=> .@0) Jets sin 940
4a 3)Check: [V+ Odv = (f, +f, MV x Qyeds
x v3 V3
east)
= au - 5, (It checks.)
Prob. 3.41
Since u= @ xr, Vxu=Vx(a x 7). From Appendix A.10,
Vx (Ax B)= A(V © B)- B(V + A)+ (BeV)A- (A0V)B
Vxus Vx(oxr)
Vx(oxr)= o(Ver)-r(Vea)t(reV)a - (aeV)r
=0(3)-0= 26
Alternatively, let x= reoswi, y= rsino¢
= -orsino fa, + orcosotay
= -0 yar + Oxay
2 4 3
Vxu=|ax dy 8z/= 20a-= 20
oy ox 0
- I -
ie, 6 = 50xU
Prob 3.42
Let A= UV V and apply Stokes’ theorem.
fJuvvedi= [vx(wr)eds
= feu ryass fu WAVY) eds
But VAVE' = 0, Hence.Juvvedi= [wuryeds
i Hy
Similarly, we can show that
Jrvuedi= [ovavu)ed5- [WUXVV) ed S
i
Thus, JUV ed! =-[Ued!
Prob. 3.43
Let A=r"r= (x? + y? +27)" (xa.t ya,+za-)
By divergence theorem,
faeds= [ve Aa
-,_0Ax @Ay BAz
vea= CA, SM, Oz
ax’ ay” az
2 rts Lory cr"
= BOF) SOM) Cr")
= rh Dat Syat ty? ty
err apices yey
n ee
+e 222s? aya ryrt
= Sr" + n(x’ yt
= (tn)
Thus, fr'rds= [(3+n)r"aV
Prob 3.44
(a)
| 2 a 2
VxG=| & & &
log: 8x? -3|
= Nay+ (-1+ Nay+ 16x- 16x)a. = 0
Thus. G is irrotational.16
o
42 fGeds= [¥«Gav
VeG= l6y+ 0+ 0= l6y
4 [ffisydcace = 16f af def yay= 1602 y= 8
© y
1
Se Pe Pa 0
2, y= D,(2xp L)
One = 8% Lp’ f= 56nL
56x L= D,(2np L)
28
°
ae odOp