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Experiment # 07

1. Objective:
To determine the horizontal deflection and vertical deflection of ring
beam due to point loading.

2. Apparatus:
 Ring beam apparatus
 Vernier
 Meter rod
 Dial indicator gauge
 Weights

3. Theory:

Effect of Load on Deflection:

To study the effect of loading both the beams are subjected
to diametrical loading under same conditions and values of their deflection can be measured by
using the dial gauge indicator. Both rings have different materials and different area moment of
inertia and the load range from 1 to 4 lb.

By Castigliano’s theorem:
δU
δW =
δW
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Where, U is the energy elastic stored in the ring. In the case of thin beams, the only component
of the energy that comes from the inertial moment M such that

length
M2
U= ∫ ds
2 EI

Where E is the modulus of elasticity and I is the area moment of inertia. For a circular ring, an
infinitesimal arc length segment is equal to ds = Rdɵ

where dɵ is the angle change and R is the radius of the ring. EI is considered to be constant for
this problem the energy and the deflection are simplified to
π
R 1 2
U= ∫ M dθ
EI 0 2

π
R ∂M
δW = ∫ M dθ
EI 0 ∂W

For complete thin ring subjected to diametrical loadings this concludes to

π 2
δ=
( 4 π)
− WR 3

EI

π 2
Deflection =
δ=
( 4 π)
− WR
(4.2)
3

EI ¿
Dia = 300mm
Horizontal Deflection =

Vertical Deflection =

4. Procedure:
 For the ring configuration, hang the 'C' hook from the bottom of the ring and attach the load
hanger to it.
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 The vertical dial is permanently set m its position while the right and left dials can be removed
and used in the other experiments.
 Zero all three dials and read the initial zero-datum reading off them.
 Load the ring by Increments of 6 N, up to 33 N. At each increment record the deflection at each
dial and tabulate these in a table.
5. Observations:

Vertical
Horizontal
Load Dial Gauge Deflection Total
N mm Dial Deflectio Dial Deflectio Horizonta
Gauge n Left, Gauge n l
Left, mm mm Right, mm Right mm

6. Sample calculation:
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7. Conclusion:
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Experiment # 08

1. Objective:
To determine the horizontal deflection and vertical deflection of semi
circle beam due to point loading.

2. Apparatus:
 Semi Curved bar apparatus
 Meter rod
 Dial gauge indicator
 weight and stand.

3. Theory:

DERIVATION OF FORMULAE:
Energy methods:
These are methods based on linear elastic behavior and conservation of energy, i.e. the work
done by external forces equals the energy stored in the structure under load.
Fx F 2
Energy =U= =
2 2K
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Where, F is the applied force, x is the distance moved in the direction of the force at its point of
application and k is the elastic stiffness of the part, again in the direction of the force at its point
of application.
In tension:
F2 L
U=
2 AE
In torsion:
T2 L
U=
2 GJ
In bending:
M2
U =∫ dx
2 EI

Dia = 300mm

Horrizontal deflection

Vertical Deflection

4. Procedure:

 Attach the hanger onto the semi-circle and apply a 2 N weight on it.
 This will stabilize the system and does not count as part of the weight that we will apply
onto it.
 Secure the removable dials onto the semi-circle experiment setup to measure horizontal
and vertical displacements.
 Zero the two dials and record the zero-datum reading.
 Load the member with weight increments of 2 N up to 14 N. At each increment record
your results on a table.

5. Observation:
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Load Vertical Horizontal

Dial Gauge Deflection Dial Gauge Deflection

Mm mm mm mm

6. Sample calculation:
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7. Conclusion:
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Experiment # 09
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1. Objectives:
To determine the horizontal deflection and vertical deflection of
quarter circle beam due to point loading.

2. Apparatus:
 Quarter Circle Beam Apparatus
 Weight & Weight Pans
 Extended Quarter Ring
 Meter Rod
 Dial Gauge Indicator

3. Theory:

CASTIGLIANO’s THEOREM APPLIED ON EXTENDED QUARTER CIRCLE BEAM:

∂U
W=
∂δ
∂U
δ=
∂W

M2
U =∫ dx
2 EI
Now we have to consider two types of horizontal and vertical deflections. One in the curved
portion and one in the extended portion.

Dia. = 600 mm
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Horizontal Deflection =

Vertical Deflection =

4. Procedure:

 First, attach the hanger onto the quarter circle beam and apply a 2 N weight on it.
 This is to stabilize the system and will not be counted as part of the weight that we will
apply onto it.
 Secure the removable dials onto the quarter circle beam experiment setup to measure
horizontal and vertical displacernents of the curved (quarter) member.
 Zero the two dials and record the zero-datum reading.
 Load the member with weight increments of 2 N up to 14 N. At each increment record
your results on a table.

5. Observations:

Load Vertical Horizontal

Dial Gauge Denection mm Dial Gauge mm Deflection
mm mm

6. Sample calculation:
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7. Conclusion:
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Experiment # 10

1. Objective:
To determine the horizontal deflection and vertical Deflection of curved
davit beam due to point loading.

2. Apparatus:

 Curved Davit Beam Apparatus

 Weight
 Meter Rod
 Dial Gauge Indicator

3. Theory:

Energy methods
These are methods based on linear elastic behavior and conservation of energy, i.e. the work
done by external forces equals the energy stored in the structure under load.
Fx F 2
Energy =U= =
2 2K
In tension:
F2 L
U=
2 AE
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In torsion:
T2 L
U=
2 GJ
In bending:
M2
U =∫ dx
2 EI

4. Procedure:
 First, attach the hanger onto the curved davit beam and apply a 2 N weight on it.
 This is to stabilize the system and will not be counted as part of the weight that we will
apply onto it.
 Secure the removable dials onto the quarter circle beam experiment setup to measure
horizontal and vertical displacements of the curved (quarter) member.
 Zero the two dials and record the zero-datum reading.
 Move the weight hanger and deflection indicator dials to the davit of the testing
apparatus.
 Load the member with weight increments of 2 N up to 14 N. At each increment record
your results on a table.
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5. Observations:
Load Vertical Horizontal

Dial Gauge Deflection Dial Gauge Deflection

Mm Mm mm mm

6. Sample calculation:
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7. Conclusion:
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Experiment # 11
1. Objective:
To determine the horizontal deflection and vertical Deflection of curved
davit beam due to point loading.

2. Apparatus:
 Right Angled Beam Apparatus
 Weight
 Meter Rod
 Dial Gauge Indicator

3. Theory:
∂U
W=
∂δ
∂U
δ=
∂W

M2
U =∫ dx
2 EI
Now we have to consider two types of horizontal and vertical deflections. One in the curved
portion and one in the extended portion.
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4. Procedure:
 First, attach the hanger onto the right angled beam and apply a 2 N weight on it.
 This is to stabilize the system and will not be counted as part of the weight that we will
apply onto it.
 Secure the removable dials onto the quarter circle beam experiment setup to measure
horizontal and vertical displacements of the curved (quarter) member.
 Zero the two dials and record the zero-datum reading.
 Load the member with weight increments of 2 N up to 14 N. At each increment record
your results on a table.
5. Observation:

Load Vertical Horizontal

Dial Gauge Deflection Dial Gauge Deflection

Mm Mm Mm mm

6. Sample calculation:
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8. Conclusion:

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