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UAN6AiIET Contents
Illurilralerl Pree
12 PeteDuckworth TheDeathofQuetalcoa{
FanoftheAztecEnPfte
Apotogiesthat thisissueis perhapsnot asgoodasit mightbe. War of theGrondAtlianc€.Part ll
"photo-sessionlag"- 14 MarkAllen
I'm sufferingftom "conventionlag"and FrenchInIantry update'Parl 1
"on the
Nineteen of September'sthirty days were spent u
A rewThomas NapoleonDBA'd
road", only elevenbackat H.Q. My diaryfor next monthhas Anotherrsrisntn WRG'Wtrltrruhs
a moresedentary look, so issue63 shouldbe betterbalanced. TimolhlMccoy Th€Gefln.nswhomver 1061. Prn J
A couple of days were spent in Coventry, tating some of hice he-Drctdnotght nevelniles
the photosin thisissue,andI wasfortunateenoughto sitin at 29 cuy Halsall TheMerovingianFrank,P,It 3
the ScimitarClubt weekly sessionand enjoy an excellent WeaNDs& Eqttipneat
wars of the Roses game to Pete Duckworth\ rules Gadly Iadsoulsby ComputerGameReview
unpublished). x V.M.S.fair preview
And WI62 doescontainthreeinterestinglittle rule sets,so 36 Andr€wThomas WargameRulcsfor 2mms.ale
you'll be able to have a few games too! micm-tank andfigur€s
Front €over photo: Roman temple and trcops frcm the
co ectionof Scimitar waryamesClub's PeteDuckwonh. Pete 42 JohdSharplcs Homethorghtsfrom Abroad
5t Buihlings& Vitlages
scrctch-buihthe templeandfinished it duing our photo session
ow lights dtied the last coat of paint! 5t CtassifiedAds

Waeames lllust2ted I published on thP lasl Thusday of

eaci monlhby:S\taraqem Lld . 18 LoversLane
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lor 12issuesolwarqames lllustraled

Euole & €si ol wo'ld sudace[26. Reslol worldaimail:136
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BACK tfUnBEnS Allissues exceplnos 1 2 & 3 arestill Painted l5mm Napoleonlcs
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Backnumoers ol ouroccasionalspecal exlrapublicalion AVAILABLEFROM STOCK many manyunils or lt'dI
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ln 1519Heman Cortezled his smaUbandof volunteenfrom DBA-basedfantasyrulessetHo esof the Things.I don'tpl^y
Hispaniolain the West Indies to conquerthe fabledAztec fantasymuch. Hardly anyoneseemsto play Ho es of the
emple (modemMexico)for the King of Spain,God and the ?rirgr (I'm not surewhetherthhis to do with havingthe*orst
stuffingoftheir own purses(not necessarily in that orderl). In cover illustrationyou will ever see, or if it's the bizarrely
this they succeeded, despiteoutrageousnumericaldhparity, idiosyncratic army listswhich featurebooksno one hasever
strangeclimate,fearfulterain andevenasecondconquistador heardof,let aloneactuallyread,whilerelegating biggernanes
army(underPanfilode Navarez)sentby the governorofCuba like Tolkien and StephenDonaldsonto 'generic'lists).This
to stopthemlThis wasa€hieved by foolhardybravery(Cortez said,theyarequiteaninterestingsetof rulesandfeaturea new
literallybumt the boatson arrivalon the mainland),superior concept,the 'Horde'troopt}?e. Thisisspecifically designedto
technology(he Aztecs used only stone obsidian edged representmassesof low quality troops that are difficult to
weapons), horseswhi€hwerepreviouslyunknownin America, control and whoseonly positiveattributesare as 'cannon
the ritual nature of Azte€ warfare, disease,particularly fodder' and the possibilty(thoughoften remote)of applying
smallpoxto which the Amerindianshad no immunity, the overwhelming numbers.'Hordes' allowsan infinitequantityof
defectionof the Aztecs erstwhilesubjects(especiallythe theseto berepresented by a limitedflumberoffigures, allowing
Tlaxcalans). no!el racricsanddaringleadership. destroyed elements to be f€d backinto therearof the army.
Iwill not attemptto relatethe wholestory,particularlysince For the Scimitarconquistador gameswe useDBA, but have
this hasbeendone by a pafii,cipafi - Berr,al Diaz TheConquesl addedin the hordesconceptfor the bulk of amerindiantrcops.
ol Nev' Spain(a\ailablein Penguin).His stunningfirst hand We alsoplayedaroundwith the factorsto givea moredistinct
accountis an absolutemust for anyonewith an interestin the periodfeel.Themainchanges areasfollows:
period, this kind of source material is such a rarity for * the anillery factor and fire rate are both increasedand push
back resuhsare countedas a flee to reflectthe terror that
Despite the sadder aspectsof the conquestwith the
destructionof an entire culture and the subsequent dernog- * the speedof knighlsandtheir factorarc increasedto show
raphiccatastrophe (he populationof 'New Spain'fell from a theimmense ben€fitthatmountedtroopsgavetheSpanishover
pre-conquesttwenty five million to one and a quarter rnillion by the Aztecs,who at firstthoughttheyweredealing$ithmagical
the endof thecentury,a dropof over90%)it is €€rtainlyoneof monsters with twoheadsandsixiimbs!
rhemostdramaticandcolourtulcampaigns inhistory.Whythen rt 'shooterc'are inrroducedas a new category(againfrom
is it sorarelygamed? 'Hordes')tocovermixedgroupsof arquebus andcrossbow.
The €onquestofthe hugeAztecempireby the tiny groupof * havingclassed bothSpanish sword,and-buckler menandthe
Spanishadventurersis one of the ultimate challengesto AztecKnightsas'Blades'we decidedto penalisethe M€xican
wargamers. The seemingimpossibilityof a tiny army(ofnever 'BladeJby -l to reflectihe superiorSpanisharmament.
morethan900irregulaN)outfacingandroutingarmiesof more All this gave us good realisticresults,brave groupsof
than40,000(manyofwhich wereuniformed,drilled,tull-time conquistadors cutswathes throughmasses ofexoticAztecs.Yet
soldiers)will strain most wargamesrules to breakingpoint. stillsomething seemedtobe missing.For theAztecplayeritwas
From a researchpoint of view thereis lotsof evidencefor the all a bit aiml€ss,strugglingto fend off the inevitablemass
dressof individuallypesofAztectroops,but it is not at allclear deslruction.happyfor rheocca(ional pushback.
which troops fought togetherin organis€duniformedunits. The brealdhrough cameftoln RichMadder(S€imitar's main
Whenit comesto painting,th€ intricateandbrilliantcostumes rulesinnovatorand a WargameDevelopments member).He
of Mexicanwarriorsare probablythe most exoticin history. realisedthatwe neededto reflectthe realAztecobiective.the
Froma modellingpointof viewthe mysteries of pre-Colornbianacquisitionof live captivesfor ritual sacrifice.When Aztecs
architecturc could take a lifetime 1o investigatebefore PVA achievea recoilor destroyed resulttheydiceto seeifthey have
glue and pl).rood evenmake contactl insteadachieveda capture.In effectwe now havethe Aztecs
Many yearsagowhile engagedon an ItalianWarsprojectI fightingby a differentsetof rules,tryingto achievean utterly
fell in lovewith the superbNaismithConquistador figuresand differentobjectivefrom the conquistadors. The only problem
paniculartytheirunsurpassed 'Renaissance cannon'.Thisrange wasthatwenow hadlohavesomerecordkeeping.
of figures,sold throughNavwar,is one of the great hidden This gaveus a furtherexcuseto employthe temples.At the
secretsofwargaming.The 25mmancientsareterrific(perhaps foot of Aztecaemples a rack wassetup aodisplaythe skullsof
the Rosi€rucians are in chareeof their marketingstrategy). previousvictims.Pete Smith adaptedtheseto work like an
Sadlythe problensoutlinedabove,particularlythoseof rules abacusto allow us to record captureson lable with no
and the sheerimpossibilityof paintinghundredsof feathered
Amerindianswerefar too daunting. At last\{e *ere happywilh ihe rulesandplay mechanisms.
As caretul readen of this magazinewill know I was We have a tun, easy-to-play gamewhich givesa reasonably
immediatelyenchantedby WargamesResearchGroup'sfast accurateresult.Even if the Aaecs achievea victory in their
play ancientsrulesDBA. FellowScimitarmemberPeteSmith termsthe casualties on the Spanishsideare minimal.Justlike
wasquickto point out the potentialthattheseruleshad(given the realthing!
the reducedsizeof armies lessthan fifty figures)for allowing Finally Tom Evans, Scimita.'sresident carpenter,was
us to bring to fulfilmentour longsianding desireto meet th€ persuaded to constructtheultimateDBA basecamp.Thisis the
Conquistador chall€nge. magnificedtpyramid you seein the accornpanyingphotographs
Also rulesfor 'basecamps'allowedus to usethe wonderful and*hich providesthecentrepiece of our displaygame.
Amerindianpyramidscompletewith gorysacrificial scenes (not The figures we used are mostly Ndlmith (the d€tail on the
entirelyaccuratesincethesewere not militarystructures,but Aztecs is breathtaking) with extra Aztecs provided by Titr
goodtun an) pay).DBAhas armyliststo coverbothAztecsand Soldier (theseare som€of the easiestfigures to paint you wiil
Conquistadors, the latter (listed as MedievalSpanish)are find, simpleand deeplymoulded).Connoisscur (ftom their
particularlyinappropriate,givingfar too manymountedand Italian Wars range)and the Redoubafiguresmade up the
light troops.DBA did not entirelysolveour rulesproblems Spanish.
either, in particular they encourageabsolutelybalanced DBA isa simpleandeasilycomprehensible system.Itmakes
opposrng armles. an ideal frameworkto vrhichany amountof 'chrome'can be
Howeveronlyjustaroundthe comer(timewise)wasWRG'S added for any particular sub period or scenario without
completely destroyiog theoriginalgame.
 THEDEATHOF
QUETZATCOATT
-FAITOFTHE
FEATHERED
SERPENT
THE
CONQUESTOF
THEAZTECS
/i\ ll'ir llr(,i 1,,r11j

Naismilh & Tin Soldier 25r,rr

fisuT ton the callectionsaJ the
Sct,nnorgroup. Painters& huil-
dersrcp/esented here:PeteSnlith,
Pete Ducktrorth, Rich 14adder.
Ga/r,\Ashctoft,TotnEw$.
 FRENEEI
IN-FA\ITRY
OFTHEWAROFTHE
- ---
SPANTSH
SUCCESSTON
1701-14
Par{One
By Mark Allen
This is the filst of two articles on the French infantry of degreeofun€ertaintyit secmslikely thatbothofficersandmen
Marlborought wafs. This first pan can be Iookedon as an in the majorityof Europeanarmieshadby the niddle yearsof
'update'ofthe previous
instalmentsasthe regimentsdescribed theWar ofthe SpanishSuccession adoptedsomeformoftricorn
belowwere all raisedbeforeor duringthe War of the Grand hat.
Alliance. This meansthat most of the information listed
previouslywill also be relevent for the post 1701period. SMALL CLOTHES
Therefore,after a short sectionon someof the chansesin
equipmenland dre,swhich affecredFrenchrroop. duniq the Amongst the fashionablemany changeshad been wrought
SpanishSuccession War. t will proceedwilh a li*r of the duringthisperiod,howeverasonlythe neckwearis parricularly
regiments showinganychangesinuniformsor colonels- relevant to the men and their officers I will confine my
A few cornnentsnight be appropriatehereon rhedevelop- comments to thlsarea,
mert of fashionable clothingduringthe twentyfive yearsfrom The'beau'of 1689wouldhavewom alacytabaf or'raban'(a
the beginningoftheNine YearsWarto theTreatiesofRastatt neckscarf)wrappedaroundand decoratedwith ribbons.The
and Baden.Between1689and 1714fashionablemale attire ribbonswere stiffenedand positionedbehind the raban to
wouldconsistof thefollowins: protrudeeithersidein a sortof'halo' effect.In1692theFrench
won the closelyfoughtbattle of Steenkirkand the 'folklore'
TIIEHAT arisingfromthebattle changed thedirecaionof Frenchcostume.
The soldiersofthe Frencharmyhadbeensurprisedin campby
In 1689thiswouldnormallybe felt orbeaverwitha largebrim the army of William III and had to hurriedlydressand equip
anda low crown.The sizeofthe brirnwasbeginningto reduce themselves- In their hastethey are supposed to haveleft rheir
afterthe excesses of the 1670s. The edgeof rhe brin wasoften neckcloths untiedandtheirclothesin a disorderlymanner.This
decoratedin gold or silverlaceand feafiers and ribbonwere gaverise to the Steenkirkstyle of wearingthe raban and a
addedfor further decoration.The ribbonshowev general adoption of more relded' forms of dress. The
less obtrusivethan previouslyand were often worn in an 'Steenkirk'was looselywrapped aroundtheneckandrhelonger
embdonicform of cockade.In the 1660sand 1670shatshad endpulledthroughthe seventhbuttonholeon rhecoat.By the
been wom in a multitudeof colours,grey and brown being endofthe centurya moreformalstylehadbeenre-established,
particularlypopular,howeverby the middleofthe lastdecade butwithout the ribbons.The endsofthe clothwerenow more
of the century black was the dominantcolour. During the often 'tucked in' and this led to the rank and file usins a
twentyyearperiodfollowing 1689there wasalsoagradualmove 'reversedform a. \hown on rhe plares.Yo'r qill ,ee
fromihe
towardstricorns.It is difficultto quantifyhow thiscameabout platesthatrheneckcloths areshownasbeingblack,theWagner
or how fastit occured,but by the endof the first decadeofthe platesshowthis for all infantryand whilslI havesomedoubrs
eighteenthcenturythe ticorn was finnly established as theabout the widespreaduse I have, in the absenceof much
pre-eminent form ofheadgear.One ofrbe biggestproblemsin contradictoryevidence,usedblackfor my illustrations.
determining the process of€hangeis the difficultyof accurately
datingprimaryvisualsources.For examplethere are a great
numberof paintingsand other forms of illusaration depictinq THE COATAIID VEST
LouisXIV he'oicallyconducting sieger.ar rhe rhearreoi During the period the coat or'justaucorps'becamemore
playingbilliards,but veryfew canbe datedcloselyto the event obviouslystyled.The straight,shapeless
item of the 1680shad
they depict. The evidenceseemsto point to a fairly rapid by the lastyearsof the centurygainedrear pleatsand a more
adoptionof the tricom between1698and1702,bur th€sedates well definedsilhouette.The coat sleevesbecame
lonserand
arereallyonlyguesses basedon thefollowingobsewations: widerandthesleere(ot thevesror waistcoat couldno longerbe
1. IllustEtionsof Louis)(lV whichcanbe datedrobetween seen.The vestitself,whichhadaslateas 1698beenaslong as
1692 and 1695 show no parriculartricom rype hars the coat,becamenoticeablyshorterasthe eighteenthcentury
amongstrheking andhiscouniels.
2. The worksof Gifford and cuerard, whichdareftom the
endofthe War of the GrandAlliance.showa nixrure of SHOESAIID STOCKINGS
styles,with Gifford showingmosrofficersin tricomsand
No
the menin othertypesandcuerarddepictingtrico.nsofa 'heavier' major changes are apparenthere, the shoesbecame
panicular 'loose'styleb€ingwornby all. and shorter. in the processlosing some of their
The problem iscompounded arrheotherendofour historical elegance,
but werestill square toedandthe redheelsgenerally
periodasmostpicturesofMarlborough,Eugeneercdareftom fashionable fromthemiddleofthe centurywere stillretainedby
well after the original evenrs. The tapestriesshoutd be the Dutchamongstothers-
reasonably correct,giventhat the manhimsellhelpedin their
derign. burthewo'|5ofLaguerre andRo:(dalefromlaterand WIGS
should not be too heavily relied upon. Ironicatly Rosts Finally,inpassing,afewchanges weretakingplacein thedesign
paintingsof Marlborough's campaigns showharstumedup on of periwigs-As the pe od progressedthey continuedthe
oneor moresides.burno tncorns. Wherher hewasall€mtline process of lookinglesslik€ naturalhairwhichhadbegunin the
lo ponrayhisconcepL of rhedres<of 1704-Sor',\helherh; wd; late 1660s.They becametaller with. ftom the mid-1690s,
workingftorn 'eyewitness' accountsis unknown.Despirerhis considerable peaksdiscemableat rheir summits.The coloun
 l5
too becamelessnatural,with greyandwhitebecomingpopular all but ceasedto exist.
after the centurvhad turned. To go $ith the fusil a new set of equipmentwasissuedto the
French soldier. The cartouchebox was now a smaller 'belly'
WEAPONS AND EQIIIPMENT pouchattachedto the waistbelt,the shoulderbeltwasthinner
The Frenchinfantry that energed to beginthe conflicts of 1?01 andonly held-upthe po\rder flask. The swordwasstill attached
hadchanged somewhat fromthe 'fantassins' of 1697.Firstly,the to the waist belt, but the bayonet, which had previously hung
musketeerwho hadretired into winter qua(ers for the last time alongside ihe cartouche box on the right hip, was now
afterthe Treatyof Ryswickhadbecomea tusilier.By 1702the positionedwith the sword.
re-equipingof the French anny with flintlock musketsor fusils
hadbeenalmostcompleted.They had not, however,adopted TIIE REGIMENT
the platoon methodsof fire control used by their Dutch, Below are listedall rcgrm€ntsformed before 1702who werestill
English,and Geman enemies.In the earlierwarsthe Grand in existenceon that date.Part Two of this articlewill detail those
Alliancehadbeensooufgenealledthatthe advantages of their units formed duing or after 1702.
superior tactical doctrine had not been appreciat€d,but t}lis Any changesin colonelsareshownandthe colour platesshow
time it would be different. Arso rnissing from the French all alterations in the uniforms or flags of these units. Unless
infantry battalion, and likewise from most other European statedotherwiseunits not illustrated rctained th€ samecolours
armies, was the pikeman. Th€ introduction of the flindock in their uniforms, but cut to the new style. (Seethe earlier pans
togetherwith the socket bayonet, which enabled fire to of this seriesfor detailsof these.)Likewisewere the C.O. of
continueevenwhenthe bayonetwas fixed, had soundedthe 1697 is still in command dudng the War of the Spanish
'deathknell' of the 'queenof battles'.Also contributingto the his detailswill be listedunderthe regimentin the
Succession
demiseof the pike werethe newtactics.Linear formationsthree earlier part.
to five ranksdeepweretrainedto delivermassedvolleysand Tables showing the war records of the regiments are also
without the offensivepole-armsof before the firepower of the
battalionbecamethe methodofdecidinginfantry engagements. (Some additional informatiion on drcss and flags has been
Socritical is the changein tacticsthat modemhistoriansse€mto providedby Mr- David Wilson. Where this h the casethe
be of the opinionthat with the exc€ptionof the disputingof relevant commenthasbeen marked DW. Many thanks to Mr.
built-up-areasand fortifications the infantry vs. infantry melee Wilsor for hisinterestandassistance).

sifts rnh rh. Kins, $. Corod.l.

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(WI49)
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tion itr pbr. 3hd. tu

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SOLRE/BEAUFORT(W,IIMN) r?tr5: H.nn.L.uis d. choisur. Marqun de Meus

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&"7 V./)woorn-t THE SMALTBACK ROOM

60 PannelRd,lsleof Groin,NrRochesler, Miniature Painting Seruice
KenlME3oEF. Tel:063,F272098 . ve ,chi€ve consisten.y in style' rccuoc'
No Pe6onol Catle's Please z.d qurhy or rtnnh. rogerher vith r p6opr
-o!o dv'usedornv o.d u.ir speciorsh espons aad fiiendly seflic. ompdnivery
Armymrch loc ilyond pc nlinq€NGM loble
Ponexchongede srelcome . s€nd six rid cl2s su6As or b o rRcs for.
Mre ron4s s@loh ohd$ in stocl ztlm sanple. or for fiN .la$ sEmPs for
2 r 9mfr sampl€ and an i.fooarion pack.
soji EonLondonagent icr'Amdio r Gererors- F@ Dso's on
. Prustor e!r4i 5r0 sp€nr on orde6,
K& M T165 Rryo Floob. !
cueoneG !re auromri.alty eft€€d inro
'BoodBiC€ondlonSo s(Oo6D' lAhCenturyNddAu€s&Shrps
,A.95 pain€d fisur€s ol rhe win..6 choic.
Sendon A5S.\E.for updotedLslsor @me ond s€ $ ech wturdoyoTi
flr. Cl@t hn, Sqtton t@d, gdqrp, K.nl (xr, $d@p stofidt Telepbone:
oa31445671
ltu't{oflE Neutnls a||D otoatswfl@lta 7 DAysawlK TSBR,42ASHFItrLDSROAD . SHRE:WSBURY.
SHROPSHIRE
SYI 358
 I9

l.t WARCAMESRESEARCH
GROUP

K TheKeep,LeMarchantBarracks,
LondonRoad,Devizes,
WilrshireSN102ER.
Iel. & Fax:(0380)7245s8

NowAvailable
7th EditionAncientRules30008C-I485AD
and incorporating
revised all amendmenls
lully
up lo
Ausust1ee2. 83.75 Plus P&P
Comingsoon:ArmyListsfor7thEdition
covering the
biblicalDedod.
FromPiketo Shotby CharlesS. Grantreprinted
with minor amendmentsto the Portuguese
section. €9.95 Plus P&P
Comingsoon:lvlarlburianRulesby CharlesS.
Grant

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************
b\ Anlt(r'Thonlts
 2l
If you readmy la$ articleyouwill knowthatI havenanagedto TABLE3
start gamingin the Renaissance peiod, without resortingto
conplicatedrulesor largearmies,by adaptingwRG\ DBA
15mmScal€ 6mln Scal€
My secondobj€ctiveis a DBA'd Napoleonicgarne.One Foot 4 figures 8 figures(or 1 Irresular
changeto the rulesrequiredto a€hievethis is that, ratherthan Miniaruresstrip)
using combat factors applicableagainstfoot or mounted Light Foot 2 figures 4 figures(l strip)
opponents,Ihaveuseda fire factorfor distantfiringanda close Artillery I Cun 2 cuns
combaifac.or. Both apply equallyto opponentson foot or CuirassieIs 4figures 8 figures(2 strips)
Dmgoons 3 figures 6 figures(2 strips)
Onediscrepancythat weagaincomeup againstisthefactthat LightHorse 2 figures a figures(l strip)
the DBA standardbasesizesdonottiein with otherrulesets.l Lancers 2 figures 4 figures(r strip)
wouldsuggest thatthe DBA40mn widebases(15mmand6mm Combatoutcomesmustbe amendedto allowfor thereduced
scale)are adheredto. even thoughthis may meanthat the dumberofcategories:
figuresare not easilyused with other rules or that existing
figuresmayneedrebasing.Anothersimpleandcheapapproach
would be to buy some lrregul.r Miniatures or Heroics& Ro6 TABLE4
6mm figurer and base lhese up insread.If you are using
Irregular'sstrips,thenbasethemup usingoneinfantryoropen Ifscore is lessthanenemytotal, but morethan half:
order cavalrystrip or two looseorder or closeorder cavalry FootandLightFoot: Destroyedby Cuirassiers if in good
stnpsperelement. going,otherwiserecoil.
As mentionedabove,basewidths should be 40mn. The Anillery: Destroyedby anyin contact.
necessarybasedepthsareasfollows: Cuimssierl Destroyedby Light Horseor Artillery
orif in badgoing,otherwiserecoil.
Dragoons Destroyedby Artilleryorifin bad
TABLEI going,otherwise recoil.
LightHorse: Destroyedif in badgoing,otherwise
lsnm Scale 6mmScale recoil.
Foot 20mm 10mm Ifscore is lessthan half theenemy:
Light Foot 20mm 10mm
Artillery 40mm 30mm LightHorse: DestroyedbyMountedorifin bad
Cuirassiers 30mm 15mm going,otherwiseflee600paces.
Dmgoons 30mm LightFoot: Destroyedby Mountedif in goodgoing
LightHorse 30mm orby LightFoot,otherwiseflee600
Lancers 30mm 20mm paces.
oth"tt' Destroyed.
to combatfactors;thosen"""""ury ur" listed
Note: Ifcuirassier pushbackor destroyan enemyelemenlin
closecombattheyareobligedto "follow up" by onebase
depth.
TABLE2 Thetacticalfaclorsusedin DBA nowneedsomeclarification
to tie with our rules. There are only two changesand one
FireFactor Clo€eCombat addition needed.Fintly the referenceto r!. . . any except
Foot(F) 3 3 auxiliaorpsiloi. . ."shouldnowreferto". . . anyexceptlight
Light Foot (LF) 2 2 Foot . . .". Secondlythe referenceto Bowsoverlapping a camp
Artillery(Art) 3 2 shouldobviouslybe ignored.
Cuirassiers(Cu) 0 4 The additionto the tacticalfacton lwouldsuggestis:
Drasoons(Dr) 2 3 " 2 if mountedin closecombat againstfoot in a square
Lisht Horse(LH) t 2 formation."
Lancers(l-a) SPECIAL Movementratesnow needto be setout. They aresimilarto
(ln closecombatcompare CCfactorc;whenfiringcomparefire their DBA counterpa(s:
factort. Foot: 200paces
Note: Lancersfight asCuirassienin the first roundof combat Light Foot: 300paces
where,re) contactany enemy,but not wherethey are Artillery: 200 paces
contacted,in which casethey fight as Light Horse. Cuirassier: 300 pa€es
LanceNwhocountedasCuirassiers in thefilst roundof a Drcgoons: 400 paces
combatcount as LH in subsequent rcundsoI the same LightHorse: 500 paces
combat.TheycountasLightHorsefor CombatOutcome Lance$: 500paces
andmoveasLight Horse,but havea nil fire factor. As a final tableof figureswe needto considerfiring ra'ges.
Next we needto decideon a numberof fisuresDer Againkeepingthings assimpleaspossibleis themostimportant
element.Isuggest
the followingbeused

25mmNapoleonicPrussianfr8urcsIron thecollectionof Rich MaddeL Richdidn'tsat who themanufacturerwas,but a quick study

of the horse'srcat end should give the gane away if nothing elsedoes! Buildings anA'duue/, plt livestock and hameletee$
(inhabitantsofa hanlet?)tomtheco ectionol PeteDuck|9otth.SometeesareK. &M., othe6'scrctchect'.
22

WARRIOR MINIATURES
14 Ttverton Av., Glasgow G32 9NX Scotland. 'Eidiculous' they s€'id,
- f 1.25+ S.A.E.Pleas€
Newcatalogue sbt€interests
lorsample. 'lmpossible' they said,
Tcl: O17 -AaA 3426 'Can't be done' they said,
l5M ARXIESq y q1.95+ r30 lct 2lJmff |ES
B i.l', Fmd! N.p.ldrc, Mp.l$tlmd@ ,16.95
Rm. rr C AD, ECw Ror6[n, | €250 p.6r but here it is
ECw Prtamnbid\ ACw Un$\ ACw BnEll\ F6d! Pilsn, R'ara4

BATTTE
Con@€te, 1&n C, Fanbq,Good, Ausbn, SDanish.
F.nbq, EviLZulu Wa - anuq Bnd!t'. SupslooAni6 4850
Fgi toaddlo abo€- tul d€bjt n @hlosu. + !2.:4 p6l
S.sMi Nomn6MI! trrthahls
Fu! 6rEe ol &s. b adnio abd€
GEI Value!
Jrr e@ oI ou d.dEr @ A single set of wargam€s rul€g
25m: M.r ula ACW M@donim + tunk Wffi. Ws ot de R(g. cov€ring all poriods up to AD 1900
tjnd4$echB, Rodse, Gauls,Datt As6, Nomac, Samuaj, Bomdb,
l,{orcIs. AW. MEx AM wd. 6loiDra J&ibE' el( .
rsh;: Md psiods + l5nm equipml ECW, ACW
llta/A@$a@ptd. Td.Let4ttrt .htutd These rul€s are suitable for simulating
battl€s of any size. They are detailed
but gasy to learn, use totally new
Foot: 400paces game mechanics, giv€ gam€s which
Mounted: 200pac€s are very realistic yet easy to play,
Artillery: 500pac€s and can be used with any figure size,
Anillery firing takesplaceonlyin theopponentstum. any method ot basing and any t9rrain
I believethat the ultimatetestoftheserul€swill be in using system that you may alr€ady have.
them with armieslarger than twelve elements,perhapsin
BATTLE (soooEc ro ^D reoo)....ts.00
recreatingan historicalbattle. I have yet to try this, but if
anyoneoutthere doessoI wouldbeveryinterestedtoheartheir
commentsand findings.Why not give it a try andlet us know GRIFFINGAMES.(D."t.w). HrshrE.,
a.y'lpt6 cto.., Dqth9, srr€y- H{4 sav, u,l(.
howyougoton? add toi tlP lt(. 2o9gEIFq rota sjdlse.
As a bonus(?)I haveproducedsomesimplearmylists.Feel strl|nt orly. radl ('tb. q$.
freeto amendtheseasvouseefit.

British
6 Foot I Dragoonsor I Light Horse
1 Light Foot l Dragoons
1 Artillery (HouseholdCavalry)or 1
1 Cuirassiers
Light Foot
I Light Holse
French
English
Computer
5 Foot
1 Light Foot
I Dragoons
I Cuirassiers Wargames
1 Artillery l Footor l Dragoonsorl Lancers Hard Poundinscoversthe Period 1789 to 1830, not
l Light Horse l Foot(ImperialGuard)or l LightFoot only in Europi, but all over the world. The Batlle
Proirammehindles upto 200 unit , each wrth it5own
7 Foot l Adllery named Of{icer-and it5 own unioue charactenstic5. A
I Light Foot I Dragoons typical screen drsplay reads:
lhe le Dvn. Uhlanens(hwarzenbure in Columnof
1 Light Foo. or I Light Horse Squddron5 dre(hargingthe TemeHus;rdc in Echelon
l Footor I Lancenor I Cuirassiers of squadrons who arecountercha€ingin theclear,,,
Russian The Teme Huisardswon lhe melle sufferinS3l
6 Foot 1 Artillery casualties.
I Light Foot 1 Artillery or I Dragoonsor I Lancers The 1e Dvn. Uhlanen Schwarzenburewere worsted
(uff?rinF73 casudltie5.Their Colourswere taken by
(Cossack) rhe enimv- Colonel Konrad von Wehbaden was
1 Dragoons 1 CuirassienorI Lancers(Cossacks) wounded. As a re.ull lhey are demotalised.
1 Light Horse After the batlle vou can reload Lhe forcer inlo the
Prussian CdmpaiqnProRramme, where you may well find that:
The leDvn. 0hlanen5chwarzenburg, prerentlyJ27
7 Foot 1 Cuirassiers
e\oeriencedI iqhl Cavalry.They are rathershalen by
-brtlle.
I Light Foot l Artillery th; wedr of They 'uffered 71 killed or
I Dragoons l LightHorseor l Lancers wounded and 34 are missins in action. Colonel
Spanish Konradvon Weisbadendied ofhis wounds. He died a
6 Foot I Light Horse noble death.
2 Light Foot l CuirassieNor 1 Lanccrs Cet lhe feel of the \apoleonic War: from
1 Dragoons 1 Artillery Hard Pounding
829.95 inc P&P (Atai ST.or Aniga)
EnglishComputerWargames,
253S€llyOal Road, 830 IHR.
KingsNorton,Eirmingham
'le|:
o21 624 1027.

THEGERMANS
WHONEVERIOST
PART3:TACTICALRUTES
'IRONCI,.ED
AIID PRE.DREADNOUGIIT"
by TimothyMcCoyPrice
INTRODUCTION
Theserules are designedto producea simpleand effective
methodofplayingnavalwargames
in the ageof Ironcladsand
Pre-Dreadnoughts. Combatis at a tacticallevel,with oneor two
playeNcontrollinga singleship.
The mechanisms used are basedon the excellentsystem
by JimWallrnanfor the "StarTrek ' Megagames,
designed and
adaptedby me with the kind help andencouragement of Bob
Cordery.
EQTTIPME\T
In orderto playthe gameyouwill requirea nurnberofitemsof
equipment.Theseareasfollows:
a. Dic€.You rvill requir€at leastone D4, D6, D8, D10, and
D12for gunfireandotherpurposes.
b. Crewcounters.You canusemodelsoldiensluckto round
bases(washersor pennieo or counterssuch as washers,
tiddl!.rinks,or pennies.Modelsoldiersare bestifyou canget
them,astheylookgood,aremoreversatile,andcanbe usedto
continuethe gameashore.For the purposesof this gameall
sewmenaretreatedequally-
c. ModelShips.Any scale.dependingon the spaceavailable
andhow richyou are.
d. PlaybgGrid. Thegameusesa squaredplayinggrid. Thesize
of th€ grid mustbe largeenoughto accommodate two of the
modelshipscomfortablyinsideonesquare,in anyorientation.
e. Dirc.tors.Thesearewoodenholdento displaythe players'
movementinstructionsro the Umpire (or the other play€r,if
thereareonly two ofyou). The racksfrom a Scrabble setwork
f. Cards. These are used on the directors above. They are
marked:P (Port),S (Starboard),1, 1, 1,2,2,3, T (Torpedo),B
(Ba€k),R (Ran), - (Firing),H (Halt). A sheetis includedfor
youto copyard cut out.
g. Slrtionary.Includingthe followingitems:
Chinagraph pencitsor water-solublepcns.
TransDarent documentDrotectors.
SETTINGUP
For a simplegame,with 2 shipsper side and an Unpire (5
players)youwill requirethe fotlowing:
A tablewith the playinggridandthe modelsoni1.If you are
usingbigshipmodels,thegridcanbe drawnorlaidon thefloor.
A table, or area, for each playerwith his control sheets,
director,stationary,damagecardsandcrewcounten.
You will needto photocopythecontrolcardsandcoverthem
in plastic.The damagecardsshouldbe photocopied onto thin
cardandcutout. Eachshipgetsacompletesetofdamage cards.
The sameis requiredfor ihe movementcardswhichare used
with the director.
23
OUTLINEOF A GAME
Thegameis setupasabove,with theplayeneachbriefedbythe
Umpireabouttheir aims.The Umpireplacesthe shipson the
gridandtheplayershavesometimetostudythe layout.
The playersmaketheircrewallo€ations betweenthe various
partsoftheship,su€hasgunsandengines. Atthe starteachship
hasenoughcrewto maneverything(lateron thismaychange!).
Theplayersthens€lectmovement€ardsasto whattheywantto
do in thetum, andplacethemonthe direclors.
The Umpirewill thentellthemto tum theirdirectorsaround
sothathecanseethem,andmoveall theships.If playersaretoo
slowmakingtheir mindsup, they will merelycontinueon the
sameheading.The playersthentell the Umpirewho they are
shootingat, andwi.h how manyguns.The Unpire worksout
howmuchdamagetheytakeorinflict andtellstheotherplayer.
The requirednumberofdamagecardsarethenpulledout of
the pile. Permanenteffectsare markedon the cofltrolsheets
andthecardsrctumed,tenporaryeffects aremarkedbyplacing
the cardovertheaffectedpart, until it is fixed.The Playersare
thenreadyfor the nextturn.
Thewholeoperationshouldtakeno morethan2 minutes.
MOVEMENT
The speedof a shipis dependent on the sizeofthe engines,and
the numberof the engineering crewstokingthe boilers.To go
fasterrequiresmorestokers.
Thc shipcanadoptanyorientationalongoneof the 8 points
ofthe compass, with 45degreesbetweenheadings.
Themaximumspeedoftheshipcanonlybereachedwhenthe
boilersarefully manned;thus a shipwith a maximumspeedof5
per turn will require(asshownon the€ontrolsheet)10
squares
cre$. If a rhip n experiencing boilerrroubles(verycommonin
this period), its maximum speed will undoubtedlydrop.
Howeverthesamenumberofcrewwill be required:so,ifa ship
with a maximumspeedof 5 requiresl0 crewto travelat that
speed;if it hasboiler trouble,causinga drop in the maximum
speedto 3 squares, it will require10crewto go3 squares, 8 crew
to go 2 squarcsand6crewto goonesquare.Thisdoesnot apply
whendamagereducesa ship\ speed- only boilertrouble,as
indicatedby the historicalscenario,or the StrategicGame
containedin Part2.
A shipcannotin€rease or decrease its speedsuddenly.The
maximum€hangein speedallowedh I squareper nove,
increase or decrease. Evenifthe ship'sengineshav€suddenly
beendestroyed.the ship will still take a numberof movesto
slowto a haltfrom its maximumsDeed.
A shipmay makeanynumberof tums in a move;but,there
mustbe at leastone squarcof movementbetweeneachturn.
Someof the larger and less manoeuvrable ships require2
squares betweeneachturn.
Normalturns are shoPnon the directorusinsthe cardsas
follows:
2 P l S 3
This meansmove 2 squaresforward. tum to Port (Left),
moveI squareforward,turn to Starboard(Right),andfinally
24
move3 souaresforward, markedon thecards.Additionalpointsareasfollows:
Iftwo shipsfinishtheirmovein the samesquare,theirspeeds
A turrent hit refersto a main gun, either in a turret or
are compared.The propodon of their relativespeedsrepre-
barbette(representedby a gunwithmorethanonecrew).
sents.thechancethat each ship will gain the initiative,and
decidetheirfinal placement,but thereis alwaysonechanceof A secondary gunis a gunwith onlyonecrewposition.
an accidertalcollision,eg. oneshipis movingat 4 squares per
move (SPM), the other at 3 SPM. The fasterone gainsthe Damage to the hull should be recorded oo the chart by
initiativeon a roll ofl-4on a D8; the sloweroneon a 5-7anda circling the relevanthull value. A crew counter must im-
collisiontakesplaceon an 8. A shipwith initiativemayelectto mediatelybe placedover this circle, or further damagewill be
doneto the hullofthe ship(doublingeverymovel).Ifthe holeis
plugged(usinga successtul repair roll for eachpoint of hull
GUNNERY damage) , the circle is €rossed out permanently(the damageis
In ordertofire a gun,it mustbe fully crewed(crewcounters in not fixed, itjustwon\ get anyworse). For every5 hull damage
allGun positions). sutrered, the ship's maximum speed drops by l square-but will
The procedureis to throwonediceper gun.The scoreon the neverdrop to nil ifthis is the only factor affectingspeed.
diceindicatesthe maximumrangeatwhichahitwill be caused. Fircs (in the superstructure)are treated in the same way,
The maximumscoreon eachdice,however,is alwaysa miss. exceptthatiJa6 is thrownonthe repairro (to put thefirc out),
So, a D6 represenls a gun with a rangeof 5 squares(he "6" the fire increasesby one point and an additional damagec-ardis
"flood the affected
countingasamiss). All gun{iringiscaniedoutaftermovement.taken.The playercan,however.elect to
Simpleisn'titl compartments" immediatelyby simplycrossingoff hull points
Firingarcsareshownby linesin thefirstgunner\positionfor for each poiot of fire put out.
the gun crew,and are at 45 degreeintervals.Fixedbroadside Damage to pumps affects hull damageonly, and does not
ships,however,havean arcof fire of45 degreeseithersideof affect firefighting on the superstructure.
the line in whichth€ gunspoint, but all gunsmust fire at the
samelarget, REPAIRS
Cr€wcanbeallocatedto repairdamage, unlessthedamagecard
ismarked"No Fix'. Eachcrewmemberallocatedgivesa I in 6
TORPEDOES chanceof the repairbeingcompletedby the startof the next
The order to fire a toq)edo is dven before movement and is move,to a maximumof 3 in 6 for anysingl€point of damage.
indi€ated bya "T" cardbeingdisplayed on theplayer'sdirector. Only one attemptmay be madeper tum, per singlepoint of
Afterall movement,firing anddamagehasbeenworkedout damage,inespectiveof the numberof sparecrewmen.
for th€ move, an attempt at toryedo launch is given. A
successtullaunchis achievedon a3to6. Unsuccessful launches
cantry againon a latermove. DAMAGECARDS
Thetorpedotravels4squarespermove, andismovedaft€rall Sampledamagecardsareincludedin theserules.They should
othermovement is completed. Any shipin asquareon thetrack bephotocopied ontolhin cardand€utout for eachship.
of the torpedois automaticallyhit. The torpedodoes6 hull
damageand a further 2 damagecardsare aho taken.After 4 Noteon Damage
turns(16squares) the torpedomarkeris removed,asits motor When the damagecardsare drawn, commonsense must be
hasrun out. andit sinks. exercised. tf the item referredto on the cardis not found on
yourship,thecardisdiscardedand nol returnedto th€pile.If all
examplesof a certainitem on your ship are destroyed(eg.
RAMMINGANDCOLLISIONS funn€ls).the card(andsubsequent similarcards)arediscarded
and not retumedto the pile-Damagetbat istemporaryis shown
Ifa shiDwishesto ram another.referto the rulesabovefor two
by placingthecardoverthe affectedareaon the controlpanel.
shipsoccupying the samesquare.lfthe shipwith the iniriaiive
to thepil€.
wishesto ram.a ramtakesplac€;ifnothecansteeraway,unless Whenfixed.thesearc.eturned
Wherethereis achoicefor damageto takeplace(eg.a turret
an accidentalcollisiontakesplaceanyway.For a delib€rate
whenthe shiphas3 guns)ihe nearestweaponto the firer is
ram,with a ramequippedship,the rammedshiptakesdamage h;t
hit. Subsequent hitsin thesam€movearedicedfor to seeifthey
cardsequalto the sum of the ships'speeds,as w€I as lhat gun.Subsequent
hit the same hitsin a lat€rmoveareassumed to
numb€rof hull damagcpoints. The rammingship takesdamage
hit undamaged turrets.
cards(andhulldamage) equaltothe speedofthe slowestvessel.
Damagecan be repairedin the samemovein which it was
If the shipis not ram equipp€d,but ranming deliberately,the
inflicted(I know this seemsa litde silly. but it helpswith the
damageto the rammedvess€lis only equalto the speedof the
recordkeeping, andavoidsmistakesorcheating)-
fastestship, andthedamageto the rammingv€ssel is asabove.
Accidentalcollisionsdo damageequalto the speedof the
fastestship+lD6to bothvessels. (Thismayseem a little oddas
it caneasilyproducemoredamagethana deliberateram-but is
EXAMPLESHIPTYPES
borneout by contenporaryaccounts). A numberof exampl€shipcontrolpanelsare includedin the
rules.Thefaclorslakenin derivingthese wereasfollows:
Speed= l squareforeach5 knotsspeed.
DAMAGE Hull damage= l pointper250tons(rounddown).
A damagecard is selectedfor each hit caused.Temporary Superstructure : as{or hull.
damage(damagethat canbe repaired)cardsare retainedand Crewrequired= I persecondary
put on the chart over the damagedarea until repaired. 2 per gunup to 6"
Permanent damageis markeddirectlyon the charrandthe card 3 per gunup to 8"
retumedto thepile(seeNotebelow). 4 pergunup to 10"
The effectsof damageare usuallyself-explanatory and are 5 per gunover10
 25

Schernatlca Sofhrare
IUI,ES ON DTSRII{ AITR1 AIIIGf, Tl|D IAIOPCFOII{ATS

dYd4udF@#l'4rt*b
FsulLpea
arrH? \ I 3'd,frlt'fl"ooo
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F9 L U U E LF Ei3li,ioo.."o
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B.PIC&62Brnx&trroll, EADFIEUT,
THESOUTH'S
rt ElItE, cEESltlE Slla lar.
LARGEST
2 persquareof speed
MINIFIGS
2on the bridge
STOCKIST
+ one or two damagecontrol parties(3-6
crew)

ALL MAJOR
12ingun = Rangell CREDIf CARDS
WELCOMED
6in QF gun = Range9
4in QF gun = Range9
6in gun = Range7
4in gun = Range5 by posr- wo.ldwide.
Lrrest,eleases,alwats,quicklyavailable
Secondarygun = Range3 MINIFIGS CATAIOGUENOWIN STOCT
f3.5O u.K. fs.OO - Owrs€.s inc. post.
Un-amoured: D Class
Up to z'armour = C Class
Up to 6" armour = B Class
Over6'armour= A Class

Mo?cm€ltc.rds J:;l
L:] DAMAGE CI{ART

P S P S A B c D

10 4 6 8 12 12
P 1 L I
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26

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 8

TheMerovlnglanFranks
Parl3
by GuyHalsall

INTRODUCTION 1 spe.rs frcmihe TriefRegion.

ln this third part of the series,we comeio look at the physical Latefifih&
remainsof the MerovingianFrankj weapons,armour and sixthcenturies
clothing,that is to say, at archaeological evidence.If it is
thoughtthat thistreatmentofthe appearance ofthe Franksis a
lilrle roo longandmaybeout of placern a wargames magazine.
rny justificationis that mostfigureshavebe€nbaseduponthe
writtendepictionsdescribedin part 2, which,aswe sawthere,
aremorethana little flawed.A discussion of the appearance of
Franksdrawnfrom archaeological sourcesshouldenablethe

$
wargamerto make more informed choiceswhen looking
throughrangesof figur€sto makeup a Merovingianarmy (as
will b€ discussed in the final part o{ the article). And who
knows,it mayevenhelpfiguredesigners.

WEAPONRY
l. Spears(figure 1)
Spears are one of the most common weapons found in
Merovingiangraves.Probablyonly scramasaxes surpassthem

#
in numbers,andeventher thefiguresareprobablyd;storted.In
the seventhcenturythe scramasax

otherweapons
becomessomethingof a
'badge'for all adult nales and seemsto take the placeof all
in burialdeposits.It becomes
a symbolmeaning
'weapons'.lf one were to look only at sixth'centurybuials,
\rhen the depositof more nurnerousandmore variedweaponry
:ft"
wascustomary,one might discoverlhat spearswere the most
commonfind.
Lea\ing aside angone\tot rhe moment.speaB come in Sixth(eotury & earLy
Sevenlh eighihSeventh
varyingshapesandsizes.fron smalljavelinsthroughto spears cenllries tenfury
with largebroad-bladed heads,whichare still frequently.and
eroneously,calledfdneae in FrenchandGermanarchaeolo- 3. Franciscas(fisure 3)
cv. ln wargamesbooks, armylists and figure designs,the
well-knowncompanionof the angon is the /rdncirca, the
throwing axe which lnay have drawn its name from the Franks
2. Angones(fisur€ 2) who usedit. Actually the origin of the tanr,.ica is obscure
Themostdistinctivekind ofspearfoundin Frankishburialsis (Dahnlos 197 is the best introductionto the study of the
thed'?gon. The designoftheseis fairlyconstant;alongironhaft
tdncisc.)- Hatchets arc known from fourth-century east
with a smallbarbedhead. lt was presumablymountedon a European'Gothic' contexts(Heather& Matthews1991,p.88)
relativelysho(wooden shaft.Forall thatAgathiassaysthiswas but areunlikelyto haveprovidedthe prototype.Examplesare
thetraditionalFrankishweapon,thea€tualnumbersof drgor?€r unkno*n from the Frankishhomeland.but that €ould be
founddisputesthis.Acrossthe wholeof the so-called Frankish becausethe Franksdid not practice tumished burial until after
areasof northernFranceand southernGermany.whichhave they had settledin the Roman empire.On the oiher hand,
yieldedtensof thousandsof furnishedmale burials,perhaps AmmianusMarcellinusdoesnot describethe Franksasusing
only a hundredor so anSorerare known. Thosewhich have theseaxes;the first descriptionof a Frank with a
beenfound come,moreover,Irom particularlylavishburials. frornthelatefifthc€nturywithSidoniusApollinaris' description
They may thareforehaveformedpart of the weaponryof the (se€part 2). This is alsoaboutthe time th.t the characteristic
aristocratic€lite of the Fmnkish forces.Thoush there are appearsar.haeologically-Perhapsthe tarctrca was
problems wilhsuchan Inrerp'erdrion (a! $e willreewithregard francisu
developedwhilethe FranksweresettlingnorthemCaul. Axes
to shields,below),it seemsplausiblewhenappliedto drSoner, are known fuom late Roman weaponburialsin th€ region.
whichwereprobablydifficultandexpensive to make,especially Written sourcesalso suggestthat the axe (biperrit or rearrir)
giventhattheyweremissileweaponswhichcouldonly be used was a late Roman weapon.Dahmlossuggests, on the other
once or twice. Of courcethesespears,though deadly and hand,that it mayhavedevelopedfrom a kind of throwingclub,
specialised forms,werenottheonlyoneswhich couldbeusedas
'heary throwingspearc'.Many of the other heavier
bladed 2 A[go! ftun Lomaine
spearscouldhavebeenthrownwithsimilareffect.Argorer are
late fifth- to sixth-centuryin date. They are not found in >--4--'._-
seventh-century Frankishcontexts,which suggesrthat they
haddroppedfrom useby then.
30
ofwhichonecxampleis knownftom the Frankishhomelands. I
The classictdrcircadesignfeaturedthe famous'upswung S' Franc iscas
shapeof the top edgeof the blade. Evidenceof its use for
throwinghasbeenfound in the factdat manyexampleshave
losttheveryuppermost pointof aheblade.Thishasbeenshown
to run a strongrisk of breakingoff whenthrowninto a hard
targetlike a shield.Thet ncircarequireda certainamountof
practiceand skill to use,as therewereobviouslyonly certain
points,during its rotatingflight-pathto the target.when the
bladewasin suchapositionto strikeandbiteinto the target;at
other times the .arget would be hit by the woodenhandle
(bruising,but not faral). If the blade did hit, though, its
penetrationpower was qdte impressive. Testsshowit could
burstthrough2.4crnof pinewood(Dahmlos1977;P6rin,Fourni
& Joubert1984,p.23; Perin& Feffer 1987,vol.2, p.89).The
tancircd is hardlyknown at all after 600AD. This probably
represents its fall from popularily.As mentionedin part 2, it
does not featurein the seventh-century list of weaponsin
Ripuarian Law.Ir: fall[romusei. perhap. nol ruryrisrnggiven
the skillitrequiredto use.
It is worth pointing out that both /rdrctrca and (more
commonly)angorr can be found in burials alongsidethe
equipnentof horsemen(horse-bits,saddleand bridle orna-
mentsetc.). Becauseof this I seeno reasonto supposethat
eitherformof'hea\Tthrowingweapon'wasusedexclusively by
foot soldiers.
4. Axe6(figure 4)
So muchfor the throwingaxe. Rathereasierto usewas a
straightforward battle'axe.Ptentyof examples of suchaxesare
known from sixth-centuryweapon-burials. They frequently
havea symmetrical head.The twopointsofsucha blademay,it
has been suggested, have been what gave rise to the East
Ronan descriptions of 'two-headed'axes,or the Latin tetm
,rperrir. Thebattle-axe is perhapsthe form morelikelyro hav€
developedfron the late RomanGaulishaxei the shapesare primarilybut alsofor thrusting.andwasgenerallybetween70
similar. As with the throwing axe- the battle-axec€asesto and90cmlong.
appearin Frankishgravesby the beginningof the seventh (ligure6)
6. Sc.anasax€s
The 'Merov;ngianmacheteis reallythe Frankishside-arm
s.swords (fisure s) par excellence.wh'ch makes its alnost complete non-
Swordsare relativelycommonin Merovingianburialsuntil appearance on wargame!figuresveryirritating.Thisdeveloped
the end of the sixth century.Thereafterthey are rather less fron the shortish.slender.one-edged daggersof the Iaterfifth
frequentbu..ratherthandroppingout ofuse,aswith theangdn century.Sixth-century scramasaxes still rendto be quite small
^fi rheJrancisca,this is probablybecauseof the increasing but in the seventhcenturytheybecomevery broad,bladed and
uniforrnityof the burial rite, with the depositionof a single h€av_v. andmusthavemadefearsome choppingweapons.Some
scramasax takingthe placeofthe variedsetsof weaponsburied haveverylongtangswhichmustmeanthat theywere(or could
in the previouscentury.Lavish seventh-century gravesstill be) wieldedtwo-handed. Th€ development continuedthrough
containswords.lt is possiblethat som€of the peoplewho the seventhc€nturyand into the eighth,by which time the
carriedswordsin thesixthcenturywouldhave carriedthebigger scramasaxhad becom€ very large, increasingin lengtb,
single-edged scramasaxes in theseventh.The swordunderwent sometimesup to 6{Jcmor so. The lale seventh'andeighth
no significantchange'n designduring this period. The only centuryscramasax is oftencalleda'long sax (Br€tbd.r).Itmust
chronological andregionalvariationsconcemedthe decoration bepointedoul thatthescramasax is not exclusivelya weapon;it
oflhe pommel.The swordwastwo-edged, balanced forcutting couldbeusedformanyfarmingtasks,suchashedgingorcutting
wood. The implicalion is nonethelessthat it was widely
regardedasa weaponandwasextremelvpopularin the seventh

f-=-
f:
century.possiblycombiningsone of thefuncrionsofswordand
axe.The scramasax waswornin variousways.but usuallyslung
vertically.like a sword.raiher than horizontallyin the way in
which the Anglo-Saxonswore their later (and smalle0
r 8aftte Axes scramasaxes. and in whi€hlater medievalknightswore their

\ A
k
daggers(seeDannheimer1974).
7. Glaives(figure7)
\J An interestingweapon. known from several gravesin
-----r north-eastern FranceandsouthernGermany.is the glaive(for
\ theonlydescription seeSchulze1979).Thisvariesin shapefrom
exampl€s whichlook like simpleagriculturalbillsto muchmore
pointedandclearlymilitarytypes.Theyare.however,all to be
seenasweaponsratherthanasfarmingimplements asthey are
 3l

6.Scamasaxes
fromtheTrierReoion.

I
=-_'*--l r 4l

: .\------l
-_---=_--= l
@
Seventh-rentury'broad Sixth-cenfu
ry'namr\,r
saxes'
saxes
--=-

Eighth-ceniury'long
saxes'

Seventh-century'brcad
saxes'
tl,l
o,-Lo

oftenfoundin lavishburialscontaininsshieldsGeebelow)and 8. Bowsand arrows (figure 8)

extensiveweaponry,as well as other prestigeitems. The Bows are not found in Frankhh burials, but numerous
implication of the graves is that the glaive was quite a arrowheadsare. Someof the larger ones, it is true, could
prestigiousitem,used,apparently,by horsernen. represent smallj avelin-or dart-heads,
but mostseemto be best
interpretedas arowheads.This suggeststhat archerywas
practicedamongthe Franks,unliketheir Anglo Saxonneigh,
bours.Althouehthesebowscouldhavebeenusedasmuchfor
6taives. huntingasforfighting,ashasbeanrepeatedlystressabove,the
inclusionoftheseobjeccin gravedeposits thatit wasa
suggests
AfterSchutze
1979 militarysymbolism whichwasintended.Thedesignof the bows
mayhavebeensimilartothosefoundin the Alammanicburials

'tililttfrtn
at Oberflacht(illustntedin P€rlin& Feffer1987,vol.2,p.113;
seePa(5).

0 5 1 0
cl.1
Arrowheads
from
theTrierRegion.
9. Shields(figur€ 9)
Shields(manifestedby their centraliron bossand iron grip
whichwentbehindit) are rarein Fraflkishburials.Wherethey
are found, il is almost alwaysin burialscontainingprestige
items.Thishasledsomewrilersto assume thattheFrankswere
generallyshieldless infantryand that only their chiefscanied
llettloch HEfioil shields(P6rin, Foumi & Joubert1984,p.23i P6rin & Feffer
1987,vol-2, p-88).This is clearlymistaken.Not only doesit
'r-\.r\A1\ thecity.lt showstoo thatshieldsarefoundin thesamegravesas
otherprestigious weaponssuchasargonr, and otherprestige
items such as spuls, hoFe'hamess,buckets,bronzebowls,
balances andsoon. Wherea shieldwasburiedit wasaspartof a
displayof military prestigeand of social standing-These

@@o@
displayswerenot necessary closeto the royal'capital'atMetz,
whercdisputesoverlocalpowercouldbe resolvedby recourse
to the king,bishopandnoblesoftenresidentthere,andwhere,
oneimagines, overtdisplaysofsocialstandingthroughnilitary
symbolsmight havebeenmorestrictlyconlrolledby the king.
Theburialofashield,in Francia,waspartof a particulardisplay
oflocalpower,andno argumentcanbedrawnfrom th€absence
Shietdgossesfrcm LofEina ofshieldsin othergraves.
6ixth tentury)
ARMOUR
clashwith thewrittenevidencediscussed inpart 2,it makeslittle l. H€lmets(figur€ rr.)
sensein an army which, in the sixth-century at least, relied A numberofexamplesof Frankishhelmetsarekrown, from
heavilyuponmissileweapons.Any memberofareconstructiongrave deposits,usually on the peripheryof the Frankish
societywill tell you that it would be suicidalto go into battle kingdom,but alsofrom bog depositsin Burgundy.The usual
withoutashield,especially againstarmiesusinglargenumbers typ€of h€lmetwasthe earlyrydrgerhehn.This wasgenerally
of throwingaxes,throwingspearsandalrows. constructed with the basicconeof the helmetmadein several
The idea that the Frankswere shieldless also mistakesthe pieces.The joins between these were then covered by
natureof weaponburial.As I mentionedin pa( 1, thechoiceof reinforcingpieces. Theform ofthe reinforcementplatesdivides
'cone of the helmet into the distinctiveteardrop
weaponsdoesnot reflectin anyexactwaythe combinations of the main
weaponswhicb were usedin the field (Harke 1989,demons- shapes. A nasalguardofsomeform,sometimes simplyatoken
'dip' in the helmet rin abovethe forehead,cheek
tratesthh clearlyfor Anglo-Saxonburials).Shieldsare found pointed
frequentlyin Anglo-Saxongravesand in Alammani€and guardsanda leatherormailaventailcompleted thehelmet.Thh
Bavarianburials.was an Englishor Alammanicwanioraswell is thestandardMerovingian helmet,thoughothervadants were
equippedasa Frankishchieftain?It is clearthat it wassimply of coursepossible(possiblyderivingfrom lateRonan models).
not the customto bury shieldsin Francia,exceptin special Helmets are, it is true, found in only the most lavish
circumstances.An analysisof the buriah of the region of Metz Merovingiangmvesbut we canagainstressihat Merovingian
(figure10)showsthatburialswith shieldsaregenerallyfound in funerarycuslomdid not generallyinvolvethe burialof armour
Metz itselfor in an areawhichliesoverthirty kilometresfrom (sothesamepointstandsfor thequestionof bodyarmour).The

Shietd-Boss.
5pq-srXem
of Horse-
 33
1rHehets

CHlons

stvii,l st vir,

peripheraldistdbutionofhelmetfindsmakesasimilarpoint,on larnetlar armolrfioln

Alamannic
a biggerscale,aswasmadeabouttheburialofshields.Military Niede6tdhinqen very similallo
{..600),
displayswere more importantat the edgesof the Frankish ihe F..nkishsuil trcmKrefetd-Gellep.
kingdoms,where the royal pow€r was little felt. lt s€ems
reasonable to supposethat helmetsweremuchmorefrequent
within the kingdomsthan their ar€haeological distribution
wouldsuggest,andpossiblyreachedslightlyfurther downthe
socialhierarchy(especially
in th€simplerforms).
2. BodyAlrnour (figure 12)
Body armour is almost completelyunknown. The only
exampleto come from the territory of the Frankishrealms
properis that from Krefeld Gellep.grave2589(James1988a,
pp.227-8).This is an iDterestingsuit nol leastbecauseit is of
lameflar construction.The individual lane ae are of an
elongated'S'shape,lacedat the top and bottom. The suit
comprises a maincunasscoveringthe torsofromthewaistto the
arm-pits and the chest. Two turther plates of lamellar
constructionare then laid over the shouldersand lacedto th€
cuirass.Finally, lwo - for want of a better word - lanellar
'tassets'are addedto protectthehipsandupperlegs.We sawin
Part2 thatsucha suitof armourmaybewhatis depictedon the
Childencsealring.
No oiher armouris knownftom the Frankishkinsdoms.but
severdl example\of similarlamellararmour areknoin lromthe
Alanmanicareas, suchasat Niederstdtzingen. Mailarmour,as
in the verylavishburialat Gammertingen, hasalsobeenfound
there(Fehring1991.p.61,fig.g).Onceagain,we haveto state
that it is the burial customin the Frankishregionswhich
preventssucharmourfrom beingburied,ratherthana genuine
scarcity.It seemsunlikelytharthe Alamans,a subject-people, After Plrin I Feftu 15€1
vol.2,F112
should have been better'equippedthan even the Frankish
aristocracy,and we sa\in Part 2 that armour amongstthe (Part2, p.22)certainlyrepres€nt somekind ofarmour,perhaps
Frankishuppersocialstrataandtheir followersismentionedin akin to graves.I am not awareof any excavatedexamplesof
sourcesof Gaulishorigin. suchas Gregoryof Tours' writings suchdefences.but they were probablyfairly cornnon among
andRipuarianLaw.The leggings mentionedin RipuarianLaw aristocratic
warriors.
l4

CLOTHING ll.Bucktes
frcmth€TrierRegion
Clothingstyleswerediscussed ftom thepointofview of \rrirten

ffim@**
and pictorial sourcesin Part 2. From an archaeologial $:9
viewpoint,we are hinderedin a way by the fact that our
examples ofclothingcomefrom burials.Peoplemayhavebeen
dressedfor lheir burial in ra.herdifferentwaysfrom the way \}-'
theydres\edin everyda)lile. For example. ri seemsrharthi
d€adwere not buriedin their cloaks,so broochesare female
artefactsin funerarycontexts.we don't know if menfastened
@A/ffi€o,"m\
their cloakswith brooches,and,ifso, whatsortof brooches(I
suggestthat discbroocheswere used),or if they simplytied
them. Snall bucklesusedto fastencross-garters on the lower
legsaregenerallynot foundin Frankishmalegraves,but they
v@wruw*"
are found in women'sburials.Does this meanthat Frankish ,1:;
mentuckedfteir trousersin bootsor shoes.or left them loose
like modemtrousers,or doesit meansimplythat theyjustried
suchleggingswilh knots?Suchquestions v
aredifficultto answer.
One areawherewe can make confidentstatementsabout
Frankishdressconcernsbelts (figure 13). In the late fifth
century,whenthe Merovingians were establishing thenselves
in Gaul, beltsfor the morepowerfulmembersofsocietywere
fastenedwith quite ornate buckles,made of gold, with red
garnetinlays,a fashionwhich nay havebeeninspiredby the
Huns-Sixth-century bucklestendto be smallandplain,usually
of bronzeor iron, but towardsrheend o{ the centurywhat are
known as plaque-(or sometimesplare, bucklesbeginto be
introduced.Th€sehavea plaqueattachedto the buckleitself,
andoftena 'counter-plaque' at the otherendofth€ belt. In the
sixthcentury,suchplaquestendto be roundandundecotated,
thoughsomevery fine decoratedexamplesare known, and are
of bronzeor iron. In the seventhcenturya big changeoccurs,
with largeironplaquebucklesbecomingthenorm, asillustrated
in figure13.Theseareheavilydecorated in omatepatternswith
gold or silverwire inlay (sometimes both), and becomelarger BIBLIOGRAPIIY
throughthecefltury.Theplaquesof somelaterseventh-century(Includingonly newitemsnot foundin the bibliographyat the
bucklesarebig enoughto haveaffordeda degreeofprotection endofPart2).
to the wearer'sunder-belly.It appearsthat theselargebuckles Chadwick-Hawkes S. Chadwick-Hawk€s (ed.) weaponsand
becamea standardelement of seventh-centuryFrankish male (ed.) 1989 Watfarc in Anglo-Saron England. Ox
costume.As such they really ought to figure on wargames ford (Oxford UniversityCommitteefor
figuresrepresenting Franksof thisperiod;they ar€ quitelarge Archaeology monographno.2r) 1989.
enoughto be represented evenon 15mmfigures.Throughout Dahmlos19?7 U. Dahmlos, 'Francisca bipennis-
the period,the beltswere decoratedwith smallplaques,and securis.Bemarkungenzu ar€heologis-
decoratedstrap-ends. The plaquesbecamelarger and more chem Betund und schriftlicherUber-
ornatein theseventhcentury. liefet]ung.'Germania55, 197?,pp.141-
AnotherelementofFrankishmalecostumeis thesmallpouch 65.
or pursesuspended from the belr.This containedodd bitsand Dannheiner1974 H. Dannheimer.'Rekonstruktionder
pieces,suchas coins,combs,sirike-a-lights and so on. Some Saxscbeide ausGrab 2 von St. Jakobbei
suchpurseshad elaborateIastenerc,in the later fifth century Polling: Zur Tragweisedes Saxesder
decoratedin goldandgamet,andin theseventhin goldorsilver sp?itenMerowingerzeit.'Germania52,
inlay. Other purseswere simply fasrenedwith plain iron or 1974,ppt3l-40.
bronzesmallbuckles,but somereusedold disc broochesas Fehring1991 G.F. Fehring, The Archaeoloqy of
fasteners.The knivescarried by most Frankishmaleswere also Mediewl Geman|. An Intrcduction.
hung from the belt, near to the purse. The only items of (trans.R. Samson)lrndon 1991.
jewellerywornby Frankishmenwerefinger-rings, asnowoften Harke1989 H. Harke, 'Early Saxonweaponburials:
worn on the third fingerof the left hand, and tbus probably frequencies,distributionsand weapon
weddingrings.The bestillustrations of Frankishdressarero be combinations.' in Chadwick-Hawkes
foundin theexcellentlittlebookby PatrickP6rin.PieffeFourni (ed.) 1989,pp.49-59.
andPatrickJoube( (1984),whichis aimedprimarlyatchildren H€ather & Matth- P. Heather and J.A. Matthews, flre
but is baseduponthemostthorougharchaeological knowledge. ews1991 Goths in the Foufth Century. Lirerpool
TheseauthorsdepictFrankishcostumeasgenerallyconsisting 1991.
of a sho -sleevedtunic,often wom over a long,sleeved linen P6rin, Foumi & P. P€rin,P. Foumi & P. Jo\bert, La Vie
under-shin. Joubert1984 Ptivle des Homme' "Au Tenps des
That concludesthc exsminationofthe appcaranccof the Frsnks, RoyaumesBatuarcs" Paris1984.
In Part 4, w€will look at how and why the Franks wsgedwar. Schulze 1979 M. Schulze,'Eine merowingische Glefe
aus Kobern-Gondorfan der Mosel.'
All objects 'fmm Lorraine' are after Clermont-Joly 1978;all Atchtiologische Koftespondenzbla e 9.
object! 'from the Trier r€gion' are aft€r Bathner1958,vol.2. 1979,pp.345-53.
 COMPUTERGAMEREVIEWS
By lan Soulsby

OI'ERLORD pR.o-'orJ,cXioDs
Cal€ ComputerSimulations:Aaari ST
Ove o by Ken Wright is one in a seriesof very cost
comp€titivewargamesftom the stableof CCSLtd, first released
in 1988.As youmayhaveguessed thegameisasimulationofthe
Allied invasionof Normandy, 6 June 1929,with ihe computer
confiolling the movements of the A]ds forces. There is no
qyjqrsnli[-l
ruthh$ walods .v6 to doi emoui Fid com6 the lord o{ IGi md
Shinuo, rh. {amous Talcda Shinge., jn* *aning to lead hn nm on
optionto changesides,(whata rcfteshinglypat.ioticgame!),so morher herd taldne spEc. TlEn, to.dd t outsMri6 o{ the D.rl As6
nnse, cmes the ftishq siat Hanld Sisurdsso.. Sek. feet tall, hnve a.d
for variety the player can selectone of three levelsof difficulty. icrh$ he ioldt his *aI amu.d lurop€, Byatiun md Scddinavia .
The fighting effectivenessof Allied units is stepped down at HaEld rhe Hmd Rulen Hamld Hardndi Kins of Noreay, slain at
eachlevel making successin the gameprogressivelyharder to Semford Bnds. in 1066, Lan but ty no nems lean is a nn lhrouded in
myst€.y, the {erocious !fil Bloodde, (ine o{ YorL eeildi.g the b{arded
de \o d6r ro hn h6rt. Fisnres fit to snce my adr or coledio.l
I must admit to being unimpressedinitially with the game.
Visually it will win no priz€s and the crab like progressof the VARRIORS oftneSHOGUN pshedba.Lon head,.ar.yinsslcr
Nearins andshielJ. V/nhVIK z6andVIK l7
unit markels acrossthe board, (sorry map), clearly betraysthe SAM LD 9 Takedi ShLnsen
in attsndancc,FLUSNEw VIK 29,
rmbi.ri, mLltif le helmet,le.onkd
underlyingsquaregrid used to plot movement.Clearlythh wnhhorsehlnFll'nes, hom and . m.ileti Nanior{ith threebiled
gameoffersnothingmorethana conventional boardgame. Jc\il5 iec Ciqrns nJinscr.r.
It wasat this point that I rememberedthe price. How many mouncd.nNEw H10,$rh SAM \rlx COM I EinL Blillaxe, in liru
rcally good boardgames,let alonecomputergamescanyou buy ll andSAM48A Etiine6. mailadvxn.ins{ith beadedaxc
for under a tenner? Pretty graphics, sound affects and clever With VlKl5 sfthinerPIUS NDW
WARRIORSof the DAXK AGIS \4K 10, a liduf Mdor *ith ac
animationall haveto be paidfor in thepriceof thegarne,andin VI( COM 2 HaDl,iSisur,lson anJ qurt{ $n hu$ ihJad, md
the speedof the gameplay.Overlord can afford to be an ugly (Harin'li),ahLsnsrrn ill resF.ts, NEW Vl( l l, a kn€elins hom
duckling bec-ause it is a very, very good game.The author has cladin i'rll marl,.mdehelmer fhw anllllsith sFtr andshieldl
tackled a complexsubject and set the player a seriesof mental
challenges which arc presentedin a simply controllableand
thoroughlyabso$inggame.
TWODRAGONS
The graphicsare simple. The terain of north westEurope is PRODUCTIONS
renderedin easilydecipherable. but ralheruninspiringsquares
colouedto represent rivers,forests,roughandflooded$ound.
Townsarenamedandappearasa setof blacksguares.The units
themselves are representedby colour codedmarkels,again SIMON'S SOLDIERS
sinple in designbut showingall the informationneededon the A professionai painling sdice for ufugde6 by a mrgde!.
markeritsefwithout requiringreference to the handbook. A! scal6 @rercd for (up to llotm) but 15tm a speciality. with a
The gameis exclusively keyboaidcontrolled,which,though nmb€r of staodards aEihble to sit your t6te dd yor pock€r
initially a litde cumbersome for the seasoned mouseuser,is Fd a l5'M smpl€ md f,1.5o to 14 Cae FfFnon, B6c!I!,
soon mastered.This is, after all, the invasionof occupied Bddt@d, Mrd. Ghn. CF31 2HG o! c@tact
Europenot the routingof a waveof SpaceInvaders. Stnoo Chdl€srcrth on 0656 764s56 fo. detalls.
The handbookaccompanyingthe gamesetsout in simple to
understand, almostclinicalstyleall aherudimentsofthegame.
My only complainthere is that perhapsone or two examples No movement is allowed beyond this limit, neatly simulating
would not go amiss.The nitty gritty of the playingdetailsis suDDlvand conlrol problems _from This can almostcriPPleyour
enhancedby the inclusionof a very readablescene-settingaJovmenr it unils different armieshave becometoo
historical backgound, map of the actual invasiondispositions mixed'up.lt aho stopsanyattemprto try andsneaka unh Past
and a foreword by Max Hastingswhosenovel Ov?.lo.d is listed Axis Do;itionsfor tn unhi\loricallone charge!o Paris (an
in thegamesbibliography. Ov?r/o.dwinninr.obiective).Controlandco_ordrnalion canbe
Thefirsttaskofeachwould-beEisenhower is to decideon the a definiteheadaihe'inihis simulation,and thaasbeforetbe
initial invasionbeachesto be used.Five canbe chosenfrom the fiqhtinqstaft.
-The-Axis
options available.Units must then be selecredto lead the torcescanbe viewedin lbeir sranpositions.but as
assault, (PBI bnly in the fint wave),with the additionof the tbev move off Allied intelligenc€takesa little time to rediscover
parachute regiments shouldtheBritish2nd,andUS 1stArmies their whereabouts.(Gulp!) The computerg€neralpulls no
be selectedtolead the assault. The firstessentialtask is to push Dunches andunderthe Advancedlevelof difficultythe Allies
inland and clear the beaches to allow reserves to follow. ;re bv no meanss€t for a walkover. Combat takesPlacewhen
Expandingthe line alongthe coastcanalsoopenup additional unit ;arkers touch. As eachcombatis resolvedthe affectedunit
beaches for landingtroops.The problemthenbecomes oneof flashesup the p€rcentage lossof effectrveness Unitslessthan
controlling the impendingtraffic jam ast.oops pour ashoreand 459. effecrrveire disbanded. To avoid gaPs appearing in rhe
intermingle. lineit is essential to monitor and replace exhausted units.
It is only aa this point that another of Oye a 's litrle tt is easyto takeforgrantedallthe complexprocessing going
challengesbeginsto take form: the Army Information Centre. on in tbelackr.roundbecausethe adion haPPens so quickly.
For eacharmy an AIC appearson the map, which limits the and anv criticis; of the presentationis more than compensated
movementof units. An AIC appean equi-distanthom the for by the challenge o1 th" game itself ln the genre of a
army'sunitsand reprcsents the army HQ's sphercof control. boardgamecertainly, but simply excellentvalue for money.
36

I99JVICTORIAN MILITARY FAIR

On Saturday30th January 1993,military history vrill againbe
brought vividly to life in what is now the country's forcmost
SecondChanceGames
event of its kind - the Victorian Military Society'sVictorian
Mall Order specialists in board wargaming.
Military Fair. Around 1000 enthusiastsattended last year's Specialists in old and
out ofprint games and magazines.
Tbe Fair wifl be held ftom 10.30amto 4.30pmat the Victory
AyalonFIin,Batdeline,
Cla6hofArmqColumbiaGam€s,
Selvices Club in Selmoui Street, Irndon W2, just off the Fr6ro C'arning
Associaton,G.M.T.,G.D.W,
Edgware Road ard a short walk ftom both Marble Arch Orn€e GarnesOSG.PanfierGames, P€opl€s Wasame1
Undergroundand Paddingtonmain line stations. Simubnons Cdada. SPI.Tasidorc€.
As always, a wide range of inter€sts wil be catered for Th€GameF,\ ctory,WesrEnd.W.WW, Yaquinio
idcluding militaria, prints, medals, books, nodels, postcrrds S & T subs{rlpdon 127.00 3 issuesor !sr.m 6 b6u€6
and epheDera.ln addition there will be an excitingselectionof CommandM.s.2tne gl8.so 3 i5e6 or f54.0O 6 lssue3
wargameson display. Prizesatrd trophies wi be awardedfor OthersubsarealBilableforCamdianwargameJournal,Etuopa,
modelpainting andwargamingandin previousyearsthesehave Mo/es.Gr€nadi€r.F&M.Genetalelc.
reachedvery high standards.Soedetails attached. I alsobuyyouruftraniedgam€sandrnaga?in€s, s€ndljsb.
A panicular feature of the Fair is the large number of Lr6t otMucts
celebrities,personalities,editon and expertswho gather at the
144.95 S&T rta C@eduB'id@
_ - !9.45
event. This givoseveryon€attending a rare opportunity to talk !69.95 Fldhpontcal€n {3r 95
to the editor of their favourit€ magazineor to askthe adviceof {1695 P.l]@n6trWd S24.95
11695 Rolaisrs&Randha& !19.95
an authority in their field of interest. {2695 R:idonRchnond 119.95
Eachyear the Fair hasa central themeand for 1993it will b€ 12595 NaloldtbtsBald6 119.95
f37.95 TnetandBai6 r17 9s
British India (which of courseincludes Pakistan, Bangladesh Rm TheEaaeMd ttreSun 169.
and Burma). Visitors will be able to seemany interestingitems $r 9s TnectlwalFcMl W9\
qqv Faedso!d' RFD Alen&.Qt6d 131.95
add displaysoiganisedby the Society'stndia aDdBurma Study 135.95 Hometl..da f23.95
127.95 ,Thude'dtAFche Lqis 12495
Grouo,
Rm = iins iordehil.
Every year rrore and more enthusiastsattend in pedod
Pcl & P&ldn4& PGase10S
costume(not necessarilymfitary) and to encouragethis awards
s€nd14€ SAE+ 50pinddnpsfu w 24Fge caalqre
are giv€n to the most impressivelydressedlady and gendeman
with a special award for the best 19th Century children's SecondChance Games, 62 Earlston Road,
costume. Wallasey,Merseyside.Tel: 051-638 3535
Whateveryour own specialinterest, if the ideaof spendingan
enjoyable day with fellow enthusiasts, meeting intercsting
personaliti€s, admiring displays and browsing through trade
stallsap'pealsto you, then don't missthe Fair on January30th.
Further infomation may be obtained from Dan Allen, Hon.
Publicity Officer \7]vIS,20 Priory Road, Newbury, Berkshire
RG147QN.Tel: 063548628.
SVLVe99 190
COMPETITIONCLASSBS
As well asthe usualprizesand trophies for figure painting and
+3o+uoc
eNr/\oc
wargamingthere will alsobe plaquesfor the winnersto retain.
All figures, wargamesand wargame udits entered for the
competitionsmust, in order to be eligible, representa military
subjectof the p€riod 1837-1914.
No figule or unit can be acceptedfor competition purpos€s
that haswon a competitionat a previousVMS event.
Class1 Singleligure or gloup 54mmor larger, anysubjectof
the p€riod (eg British, Continental, American etc).
s!ecrol
Native wariors are acc€ptedwithin the d€fitrition of
"military".

Class2

Class3

Class4

Class5
Singlefigure or goup 54mm or larger, with a Scots
connection.
Singlefigule or group 54mmor larger, drawn from a
conthental (ie Euopean) military connection,m€t-
ropolitan or colonial.
"Toy soldier" genre6gures,painted andor animated
by the competitors.
Best wargamesunit, 20nm, 25mm or 30mm. Units
'v'l'tu[
A oN eql

shouldconsistof not lessthan 15infantry, 8 cavalry.

Class6 Best wargamesunit, 6mm to 15mm.Not lessthan 15 Class8 Best 19thcentury femal€costume.
inJanry, 8 cavalry. Class9 Best 19thcentury male costume.
Class7 Best d€monstrationwareame. Class10 Best 19thcenturychildren's costume.
 :-' l

J I\

e
t
I
I
I'" Ii' ,t
, (

J;
I ,ll
38

WARGAMESRULESFOR2mmSCAtE
MICROTANKSAIVDFIGI'RES
byAndrewThomas

INTRODUCTION back"efJectbutassumingthat little orno damagehasoccured.

lf the attackerscores1 or 2 more than the defender.the
Theserulesareintendedto providea quickandsimplemethod defendern pemanendyimmobilised,but canstill fire aftet I
of fightinglargesc-ale battlesusing2mmscalemicrotanksand
infantry. If the attackerscores3 or more than the defender.the
The basisof the systemis that armouris groupedon bases, defenderis destroyed.
eachbasecontainingseveral vehiclesmakingup atroop,section Hits by artilleryor mortarscauses damageon anyunitwithin
orany otherlow levelorganisation element.Infantrybasesare 1" radiuscircle(1.5"if heavyartillery)from a point nominated
of 8'12 men or 1'3 heaiy weapons.Vehiclebasesare of 2-5 by thefirer. Indirectfirehitsits intendedtargetareaon a throw
vehicles. of 5 or 6, whetherunderor overhalfrange,modifiedby +1if a
The effectiveness ofea€h"base"dependsuponthe type and dedicatedartilleryspotteror anyunit HQ is within500mofthe
qualityof the vehiclesand the numberof vehiclesin the unit. targetandis not firingor beingfiredat.
The 'quality' of an armouredunit takes into accountthe If artillery missesits target it deviatesby D6 x 50mb€yondits
thi€kness andslopeofarmour, whetherthe vehicleis turueted, targeton a D6 throwof l, 2 or 3, or shortof itstargeton a throw
etc.lnfantry are assumed to be of equalquality,regardless of of4.5 or 6.
their nationality. Armouredvehicleswhichhavesecondary machinegunsfire
The use of card basesfor each unit allows their "vital asan infantryMGsection.
statistics"to be rccordedundemeath.i.e. Attack andDefence All artilleryunits and infantrysectionsfire usingthe same
factors,weaponrangeand movementrate. Basesfor all units
shouldbe 1"square. Firingis restri€ted to thefollowingranges:
The tablesincludedin theserulesallowthe useof all maior
vehiclesof World War 2. Any vehiclesthat have not been Lightguns(up to 20mmcalibre) 200m
includedcanbe usedby assessing theireffectivenessagainstthe Up to 50nm calibre (including 2pdr. ) s00m
vehiclesshownand allotingan attackand defencefactorand Up to 75mm calibre (includins6pdr.) 800m
Up to 88mm(includinglateGerman75mmandBritish
All references areinmetres; 17pdr.)
to dierollsusea D6; all distances 1200m
the sroundscale is50metres= 1". 90mm- 128mm 1500m
Artillery(upto l05mm) 1500m
HeavyArtillery 2500m
SEQUENCE OFPLAY Infantry Mortars 250n
HeavyMortars 800m
Youmaysetupyourfiguresinany mutuallyagreeable way,for Infantry(SmallAnns) 100m
examplelimitingdeploymentfor eachplayerto a specificarea InfantryandvehicleMC's 200m
ofthe playingtable,or usingsomeform ofhiddendeployment InfantryA/T weapons 100m
whereone or both playerswrire rheirinirial dispo\iLion,on a
map first and then deploysirnultaneously in accordance with Turretedvehiclescan fire an, "here within 360 degrees.
theirmap. SPG'Sare assumed to havea finng arc of22.5 degrees,whi€h
The "first" playeris decidedby a die roll at the startof the allows for their limited traverseand sone ability to aim by
game.The turn sequence is asfollows:
Eachtum: The first playermovesanyorall ofhis unitsi
The secondplayerfir€swith anyeligibleunits; MOVEMENT
Thesecondplayermovesanyor all ofhis units;
The first playerfireswith anyeligibleunits. Themaximurnroughgroundnovesallowedareasfollows:
Any unitsdestroyedin the tum canbe removedor marked Normallnfantry 100n
InfantryHeavyWeapons 50n
Scoutca$.ArmouredCarsandJeeps 350n
Tankettes,lighttanks,Alliedhalftracks(M3),Cornet,
FIRING Cromwellandearly CruisertanksandT34 series 300m
PanzerlII,StuG,Nashom,Panther,Jagdpanther, Wespe,
Fidng is by line of sightonly, exceptin the caseof artilleryor Hummel,Germanhalftracks,Hetzer,Priest,Archer
mortarswhich can fire indirectlyat a penalty.Firing is not andallSherman models 250n
assumed to be simultaneous. PanzerlV, TigerI, Medium4-wheeled trucks 200n
A unitwithinrangeofenemyunitsshould nominatetheunitit TigerII, Jagdtiger, Chur€hill,Matilda.Russian JSseries.
wishesto hiti it will hit on a D6 throw of 5 or 6, or 4, 5 or 6 if 6 and8 wheeledtrucks 150m
withinhalfrange.Ifthefirer movedin its lastmov€mentphase,
deductI from the die roll. All movementis doubledon roads.
If a hit occursthe attackinganddefendingunitsboth thro*
oneD6: the attackeraddshisAttackFactorto hisscoreandthe ATTACK AND DEFENCEFACTORS
defenderaddshisDefenceFactor.
If the scoresare equalthe defenderis temPorarilyimmobil- The relevantAttack factorsandthe numbeEassumed to be in
"knock eachunit areasfollows:
isedandcannotmoveor fire for one turn, simulatinga
 39
Wt{pon Attack Numb€r
versusinfantry inuDit
versusarmour d sotu5kins
In{antry
InfantryMortars
1(grenades)
1
2
3
l secrion HOVETSua
InfantryMcsection 0 2
InfantryA/Tweapons 3 0
TankettevcarrieE 0 I 3
Lighltanksand
tumouredcars 1 Z 3
PanzerIII and
earlyPanzerlv 3 2 4
EarlyCruisertanks
2pdrAlTandMatilda 2 | 3
Usshermans 4 2 5
Cromwell,Chaff€e,
Comet,Churchifl 3 2 3
and6pdrA./T.
LatePanzerIV,
Hetzerandstoc. 5 2 4
UK Sherlnant,Bfi t Assunesmircontains
parlySherman Firefly
T34/76,KV1. 4 2 3
I{EWADD|IIO S TOOUREUROPEAX 25T.f. RAI{CE
Jagdpanzerlvand 5 2 4
German75mmA./T. t utdySalglan Pl.tn lt rttd
N56 Pie€k Nouse/Shoo.Halfrende€d Dutch €8.50 e18.@
T34/85, KV85,JSl. 5 2 3 house withomatescrollbrickqabe.{s€e
TigerI andll, illust'?tion)
Nashorn,Jagdpanther, 6 H57l6tllcenturythree storev house with €850 e1800
tvprczstepped outchqable. cee
Jagdtiger. illus$ationr
suloo,Jsrr&n 6 2 3 ACCESSoRTES
25mm.
gcks
MediumArtillery 22ACCmtes'N Q.20 5.50
2 4 2ot3 3blocksofwooden crates
&sacl$
Heaif Arlillery or suitable
to useasabaffiGd€oras
Rockets 3 inanvpenod.
storEs
B,qTTIECRoUND.
20mm
108 Japanes€lp€ C bndingCraftlPatrol €620 F1320
In eachcaseit is assumedthat an HQ sectionor unit is as
effectiveasanordinaryunit. 138 JapaneseType'C'bndingC.aft{Army) €5.20 t11.40
nouoingonecewnan
The relevantDefenceFactoEareasfollows:
Postandpaclagingadd15%upto 82510%over€25.
Infantry 0 Acces*ryisholdencantetephone
ordeEon{0742t750552
Mon.to Frt.
ForourCablogue please
send75pplusaSA.E.oveEeas
customers
Infantryinsoftcover I
InfantryDugIn 2 llOYllStTD,'lA G|€la Rd,Sarrtto. calftDy, Soot|tHumb€Gtde,
Softskins 0 at|a'dt'il. l6ab aEuda vElcofia.
Light amour (half tracks, atmouredcars, smut can and
tankettes) I
Light tanks,Early British Cruisertanksand SP artillery,e.g. Attack and DefenceFactors
BT7,Pz35and38(t)Marder,SU76,ltalianbattletanks. 2
Mediumtanks,e.g. latePanzerIII, Stuc, EarlyPanzerIV 3 Allsck DefenceMax.Speed
Medium^Ieavytanks,e.g.LatePanzerIV, Hetzer,Jagdpanzer SpecificTank Busteraircraft 3 3 800m
IV, T34t6or85, Fir€flyandArcher 4
Fighter aircraft 2 2 800m
Heavytanks,e.g. Panther,Jagdpanther, Tiger I, Cronwell,
FighterBombers 3 3 7tj0m
Matilda,KV 1 and2, Penhing,SU85,100and122 5
DiveBomben 4 2 500m
Very Healytanks,e.g.TigerII, Jagdtiger,Churchill,JSseries, Theattackfactorappiiestoeither armouredvehiclesorinfantry
JSUseriesandanyfortifications 6 Iarge$.
Theabovefactorstakeintoaccountthethicknessandslope
of
Anti-Aircraft fire
A.A. gunsare groupedasfollowsto givetheir Attack factors
againstaircraft:
AIR TO GROTJND AND ANTI-AIRCRAFTFIRE HeavyMachineGuns Attack factor 1 (singleor multiple
Thenumberof aircraftavailableto anysideshouldbe mutually mounungs,
agreedby the players,orlimitedto a fixednumberofsorties for Lightcannon Attackfactor2
eachplayer. Heavyguns
Eachaircraftoverthetablecanmake onlyonesonie,whichis An aircraftis hit on a D6 roll of 5 or6. Damaaeis assessed
as
limitedto a maximumofthreegroundattack passes, afrerwhich forvehiclefrnng.excepr thatiirheatlacl'er (A.4. gunlqcores
I
the aircraft must leavethe board without fi ng turther. more than the defender(aircraft) there is only negligible
Aircraft causehitsby scoring5 or 6 for eachunit within a 1" damageandnorcaleffect.Ifthe attackerscores2 morethanthe
radiuscircle whichmaybeplacedantryherewithintheweapon'sdefenderthe aircraftmustimmediatelybreakoff andretum to
maximumrangeard within22.5degrees ofstraightaheadofrhe base.If the attackerscores3 or more than the defenderthe
defendinsaircraftis destroved.
Threeshotsofafe\| of the ACW fiqurcs to be usedoll /re ConnoisseurCampaiBnsweeken&. on a little bit of the terrain. The netr
holidal centrcat the Red Lion Hotel boastsa total tableareaof21'rI1'. Accomnodation is wrr Bood, in nevlr rcfubished roons.
Food is excellentin the hotel rcstaura t - and the bat k onb abo IA secondsatw)"from the vargamesrcotn! Fot spring or sunnel
weekendstherc'sa wry pleasantbeetga enadjacenttothebattlelield.atd il.roufanc) a q uick brcaklronl battlingtheresabo|9ling
grcen- againa 10 secondwalk avay ! Othet periodsto bc vercdintheneatlt urcarc the Suda\ and Napoleonic.Morephotosof
thesein laurc issues.Thefiqurcs arc25nn and mdnly ConroisseurFisuresfro /eLutionto ConDisset Campaiqns!)and someElite
Miniatures. Brildingflr, rhesephotas ate 25mm Holels. Yout photogtaphetis tertd lr krokingforyunl toa retunt vkit. Shoutdbea
veryplearant weekend'scanpaigninq!
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1U1,,92 FIRST BIJLL RIJN I6IU93 FUEN-IES DE ONORO
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42

FROMABROAI)
HOMETHOUGHTS
5: BUILDINGSAIID VITLAGES
bylohnSharples

The longestbattleof the Peninsularwar, and possiblythe 120men. Suchlargeunils requireroom to operateefficiently
mostviciouslycontested, wasfoughtovertwo daysaroundthe andif theyaredisorganised in anywaytheireffectiveness drops
Spanishbordertown of Fuentesde Onoro.Al the end of the dramatically.It is all very well learningto fire by rank on the
battle the Allies still held the smokingruin of rhe town, the parade ground, but very different to perform thal same
streetsofwhich werecloggedwith bodies.A swiftreferenceto manoeuvrewhilst crossinga streamor jammedin a narrow
the battlesoccuringprior to 1870,and the increasinguseof street.Rememberalsothat mosl soldiersprior to the Second
breechloadingsmallarms, will indicat€that this actionwas World War wereactivelydiscouraged from showinginitiativ€.
quiteunusualasdefensive actionscentringon townsweremore They were trained to be dependent on theirofficersandNCOS
oftenthannotunsu€cesstul. Wellington'stacticsin holdingthat and told that their safetydependedon the implementalion of
smallSpanishtownareinteresiing.He sheltered thebulkofhis the drill book. lt doesnot take much imaginationto picture
forcebehindthebuilt up area,on a steeprockyplateau,f€eding whatchaoswouldensue amongsttheranksofa Frenchbattalion
rein{orcements into the town asrequired.The defenders were at Blenheim.stationedbehinda barricadeat the end of the
forcedfrom theirpositionson a nunber ofoccasions, bu. each street,blindedby smokeand scorchedby flamefiom nearby
time a spiritedcounter'assault wresledthe townback.Welling' buildingswhich their comradesare swiftlyevacuating, seeing
ton repeatedthese tactics at Waterloo in the defenceof the Allies advanceseeminglyundeterredby the weakvoll€ys
HougomontandLa HayeSainte,in eachcasethe built up area the battalionis throwingout (over half the unit cannotfire
wasusedasa bastionto blunttheforceofthe enemyassault, not because of the intervening buildings).Havingfiredyourmusket
as the centralpoint of the defensiveline, therebyretaining youtrytoretire, onlyto firldyourselfblocked by the advancing
freedomof manoeuvrefor the bulk of the army. This would supportingranks, thrown forward by a frightenedcaptain.
seemto indicatethat wargameruleshavegot it wrongwhen Beyondyou seeadvancingColoursas even moie battalions
allocatinghigh defensivefactorsto villages,and that their arriveto bolsterthedefence.within minuteschaosensues, you
occupationcould prove a major error, lying down large are unable to reload or retire, your comPanyhas lost all
numbersof troops and placingthe initiativefirmly with the cohesionand resemblesa strugglingmob, whilst over the
barricadeswarmsa red-coated horde,hungryfor blood.
Villagesusuallydeveloparoundsomecentral point - a town Such an account may be fictitious,but it is closelybasedon
square, villagegreen, church,fordorpub andas they grow any the events ofthe battle:
initial formal groundplan becomeslost as morebuildingsare ''The menwere so crowdedin upon one anotherthat they
constructed as closeaspossibleto the centnl area.The streer couldnot eveflfire,let alonereceiveorcarryoutanyorders.
plan is fu(her brokendown by gardens,orchardsand fields Not a singleshotof the enemymissedits mark, whilstonly
which becomesurroundedby new buildings.The streetsare thosefewof oul rnenatthe front€ouldretum fire . . ."
often narrow,sometoo narrow to allow the passage of the
smallestwagon,andoftentwistandtum in whatseemsto be a Sorccordedan observerof the battle.His commentsclearly
haphazardmanner.In short they often reprcsenta puzzling illustratethat commandcontrolhadbrokendownandfighting
naze. As the town grows this tangle may occasionally be efficiencyceased to exist.
interrupted, as in Paris where the broad boulevardes were A visit to the villages of Franc€or Spainwill imnediately
constructed to allowthe rapid movementof troops.But even reveal that the living accommodation enjoyed by modem
modemcitiescontainthe disorganised remnantsofthe original Britons is much more spaciousthan that of an 18th century
settlenent(suchasTheShamblesin York, now a quainttourist farmer.The housesweresmall,usuallyonly one storey,with
few windows.Additionalroomshousedlivestock.Shedsand
ln countrieswhich frequentlysufferedthe ravagesof war walledgardenssurrcundedthem.Ifa battalionof say500men
throughoutthe ages,suchas Spainor France,villagesoften was orderedto occupya villageof thirty suchdwellingsthe
containa centralpoint whichcould be usedas a final refuge, commandingofficerwould face a nightmare.Control of the
resultingin the fortress'likechurchesfound in nany vitlag€s. battalion would be lost as individual sectionsunder the
But thesewere only placesof sanctuaryand no thoughtwas commandof NCOSwere sentto loopholeindividualrooms.
really given to formal methodsof defensivefighting when Onc€ the action beganthesesmall semi-independent units
constructing them.Societyhasusuallyprovideda warriorclass wouldbe subje€tto their own moralesrate.Ordersmightnot
whichlivessetaratelyfrom the cornmonfolk but comesto their r€achthem. With a restrictedview of the actionthey might
aidwhenrequired.The militarymindseesciviliansasunableto withdraw(or they might be wiped out) allowingthe enemy
protectthemselves- In thisthemodernRegularis nodifferentto unseenaccessto the defences.The film Zulu containssome
the medievalknight.So, ifa peasantis unableto fight, whatis interestingscenesin which the infirmaryis defendedagainst
theuseofbuildinghim a castle? assault.The defendersare barricadedin seDaraterooms.
Military tactics- from ancienttimes to well into the 20th fighringtheirown prirarewar. unseenby orfice;!or the restof
Century- do not easily lend themselvesto the defenceof thegarrison.Thechaosanddesperation is wellportrayedinthe
unwalledtownsorvillages.The mainaimis to brjngthe enemy film.In real life an assault on a llagewould includemanysuch
to open battlewhereweightof numbersor superiordrill and
generalship will win the day. Throughoutmostof historythe The mosteffectivedefences of built up areastend to occur
most effectiveway of fightingwas to concentratea massof wherether€is a definabledefensive pe meter,evenwhennot
meleeorfire poweratonespot,rhusoverwhelming the enemy. prinanly designed for military defence. Both Hougomontand
The smallesttacticalunits were largecompared wiih those of La Haye Sainte are exanples of this, being sturdybuildings
modemarmies,usuallyrevolvingarounda companyof up to surrounded by stonewalls.Mannedby relativelysmall unitsof
 43
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Napoleonic1i1200 ships painted,rigged& bas€d KEN TROTMAN LTD
UNIT '1,'35 DITTON HALX
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AtlontXErR?SP(C| 0f A IIIIIAR| IIft, 0UXII6tNEtlst ty tf|I
Ptll4os0F lltt lASl l,if. Facstiileof a rare periIsularfer
lighttroops,trainedtofightin brokentenain andwithanairof .!roir. 12t.50
indep€ndence not found in battalioncompanies,the farms Atteridge:rrrsr,4l
fllflAl:XIM 0f lAPItS. t2?,00
containedenoughroom to operateefficiently,whilst being ltY: lt StAt/tSl0Fllt qtlY|,
AtteridseilAi'iAL
!22.N
smallenoughloretain an effecrivecommandstructure. No entA IES0t lllt IAIUBE /rrr, Ssst-ouideto ofdersof
It is worthyofnotethatevenwherea settlement is protected battle, t18.95
by formaldefeflces, asat Badajoz,Constantinople or eventhe Eo ettlllP1EAI'l6MIA|ARIttrf ,r/J. Esstorideto ofders
MaginotLine, a breachmeansthe endoforganisedresistance. ot battte. f?t,50
Ctldrelltnlnf AXEtll At lAfrlrr, Ihe95t[ at liaterloo!28.50
Dependenceon the defenceworks is often absoluteand a CnandlettXr'P1It1X'SMPS4AIJ,26bioq"aolies, t30.00
successful breachcauses momleto crumblealmostimmediate, Cha\dtetilt CAIPll1llS 0FlAP,It1t,l-iteaneesse|ltial booloD
ly. The initiativeis alwayswith the attackerro pushtowardser the|iapoleoIjc frrs,C]assic. t40.00
objectives.neverallowingthe defendersto strugglebackand Cfr)alo$kitXEl|lRS 0F I P|LISHLAttEX. londerfulreroir of
ca|paigniU rith llapoleon 1806-1813. t't.00
trytoreform. Thisinitiaiivemorethancancehthe disorsanisa- Voi Cclaurerit?rll/f CAXPA|611 0f l8l2 .1,| tu/$Jr. Cla!!ic
rionof thearracking troops. st|jdy. 11.0.50
Whilstvisitingthesitesofsieges, suchasBadajozandCuidad 1/orClauseritr rryl,{r. %perbecl. tt.99
Roderigo,I was struckby the difficulty of rhe defendersin l\t q|trcAlIAlUStzlPIS.nne of tie mst siqnif'cantI rife of
P e | l i n 5 us l0a! r c e. 0 r l s , b e i r!gi ! d i i . i e s o ' l e l l r g t o n ' s
adequatelycoveringthe defensiveperimeter,which must be artillefyqeIe.a1, Tleset coresin 5 volures (o1glor each
watchedat all rimesto preventevensmall units infiltrating. yeaf1809-13) and is avrilableas i0divjdual volu6ssi11
During the Fint Battle of St Albanssmallunits, infiltrating papsrbacl, of a9a setorly jn clol[.
rhroughgardensand co ages.ou(nankedthe defenders, Paoefbacl 112,50 Dervo.l!.e
leading1oevenrualdefeat.If a perimeteris too exrensrve tlotI bound t?5.00ier volu!e
the 0y1!rey:lfIIflJ fRIrrl tlE 0XACIIWS yltt 1806-tft5.
\lividletters{'or ti! PerinsJlar I iaterloo,PiDerbactIT,t0
I wouldsuggestthat wargamerulesincludeanumberoftypes Ellilg:Snq|Sfi,UX0I ntq1lt. \)lti.elp studyoI lapoeon's
ofbuilt-upareas.The first wouldbe fortresstowns,the second riliti'y !ac[ire. t25.00
(much more commonon the tabletoD)would be defensible Fait:tEnlns 0f IHE lly$t1t 0F FtAxCt tl tt lUltt
,rrlfr.Iajof accou|lt of the l8l1 cirpai0nby llapoleo|l,s
buildings,perhapsa walledfarm or churchyard;rhis wouldbe locfetarv. l2$.S5
allocateda maximumtroop occupancywhich, if exceeded, le luen auA J'UXIIAL 0F tflt XU|SIAIt lAil 0f 1812,fitst-
would reducethe fightingefficiencyof the garrison.Troops Iindaccouqt of figltingrill Iey.hperbact. t'2.50
occupyingthe building would gain high morale and cover FleIclerCiAlfUP|'S II6ll 01ylSI0X. t25,00
llelcherl'UAltt 1ff|ffn IX # PtlltSULt.Ne.oitDl JDhn
factors,but tbeir firing andmeleeingfactoFwouldbe reduced nous of ils Coldst.ea. 6uard!. ti5.95
to representthe feweropporruniliesfor suchexchanges. The lllt)coistFt1l l lf n IAttXL1l.Iie djary 0f a |iapol0o|)ic
attackerswould srillbe ableto fire thewholeunit. but rhecovcr otircer, t25,00
tactorswouldmakesuchfiringineffecrive. whiht onlya fraction ltesettlflt IIX 1XIIA0f lE E$L|S.lheclagsicstudy0f thr
of the unitwouldbe capableoftakingpart in melees. eigles.ofllapoleor's ar0iestlror.glortall ca!paigis, vert
reaoalr€. t27.00
FinallyI wouldconsiderthe normalt,?e of viltageor town. NalltBfIIISil lnAftAl ]t tExAPll.f,ll| ttls, f35,00
Here the defenderswould again receivemorate altd cover LeytiEXIllSCtltES l80t-1815,Se.vic. rith tle 52ndLioht
advantagesas above, with the consequentdhadvantages, Illfa|ltfy in t|rePe|linsula t J2thLjqht0ra00ons at taterli0,
However.I wouldrl<o InLroduce a creeping disorganisarion t27.50
JannslntlEFntlcl tAyALXl1792-1815. t1?.9s
fdctor for each conrinuouspenod ol melee (and if under le Jorinit lt AXI0FfAn, t2l,95
artilleryfire) representing rheerosionof command conrrol.The LeuetttltLS4X'S lAyl: lt llPS,ltl I ArcltlsAll1t INJ-tu5,
attackerswould ako suffer creepingdisorganisation as rhey Definitjve study, 135,00
attemptto pefletratethe village.I haveplayedthis rule on a trrftncet lEAUl08l06XAnY 0F SttAtffi LLIAILlfilll|t, lre
number of occasionsand it usually results in an inirialty 0f lhe rost end!ringreaoiri of 1[e peti|lsularlar,
Piperback. 1j5,00
successful assaultbecomingboggeddown in streetfighting, I PIL|SAxt SAI,XS
hlahfriget 0F tt XAP1L.0t t S.lest gtide lo
makingthefightto clearlhevillagea drawnout affai in which organrratron, !21.50
the deploymentof reservesand withdrawalof units becomes PegeltH0u60ll0ll:ntt ltl I0 vlcl1ntAl ltflUl. 3,95
very important,producinga numberof counter-attacks, which RdfitffmIN 0F ATMMLC1AXInaPP,flXSlAtXf-0t-tAtP t0
is exactlywhat occunedat Fuentesde Onnoro. as Caprain XlPoLtqll. Classic. f29.95
Sihon'netflI'l'il 0f tflt IAIE|M) ClllPAIqX/r/t. oneof the
Kincaidstates: classicaccou|lts. fl9,95
"In the eveningour battalionwas laltoni 8l t X 00Fflf tlPtl0X:A UFt 0flAiS tL tEXn .
orderedforwardto relieve tr9,50
thetroopsengaged in thevillage,partofwhichstill rernained lellerltlU|CI1t Al0 lAIElL,|, 118,50
in the possession ofthe enemy,andI sawbythe mixednature loodtASUtAIltnN 1FflCtn.Iive]y .er0if of a c.Dtdr4i|l the
of the dead,in everypart of the streets,that it had been Pq|linsularfir. t20.00
ti\dt.Ayinl IX II|EIAE?L11 tAxP AN. !18,00
successfully in possession ofboth sides." HOWTO ORDER:

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1309/ll Saolc 295 PENnI Rolica&vimielo 3.95 AUL/01 Rusia 395 AUL03 Poldd 3.
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| 309,t1 Ab.nsb.B 2 95 PE\n3 Crosingth.Douro 3.95 AULxll Napl.s/CleveBe I95 AUVIo Baden/whbure3
t809 16 As!em-E$l'n8 3 25 PE!/oa Tdatera I95 ALILO4 Sdont :r95 AUL/1j S*cden 3
| 309&l Thepiave 2 9i PEN/05 BaJlen 3.95 AUL4I5 A'usia(08 t,1) 195 AUVI2 Wenthalia 3
I 809^18 Rab 2 95 PEI06 P e D . A r m ll.3sl ) Sl l 5 g j AUL4X Austria :1.95 Aut/ll Ba\oa L
t309&9 waSrm 3 95 AULo? ConlofRh,n. 3.95 AUVIJ Foreien R3ts I95
l8u9il(r ThcBatrlcolLiDz I7i NAPOLEONIC TneonomaEhpne 295 anrishrolhrer Rg613063.s0
A voicefion Walerloo 3.95
r81.rcA!rPAtcN ANSCHLUSS RLILES
FRANCOPRUSSIANWAR JWtrl Hlllb\DJlllshtllolhclnrunSliimnhl
1313,{ll . Luu.n 195 iill
FP$ 02 Fresche l.r ,175 HGul Ehh&Ftoi\oiBdrl.:tu(idllTle tslrcrmonisn l,r5
t8ll,42 Bautren 3.25 FPW/ODI FPWOuidc ,1.75 HC0: Ebb&notrorBrlt e:\lod I Thr lsl.l(Jonaiin I9j
1313,03 Cros B.er.n 3.50 NElvl Arniesof l8?0 IJ 95 HClS Ebb&Flo\olBatl.IlodIPsinirLrcGDiro 195
l3l3[4 Th. Kaubach 2.95 CAIdl)l DiplonrJ{& Oth.rl\lcu\.|4ohi CJmpiiai51{.n ti(l
1313,05 Dcsden 1.50
l8tl06 kipzje 3 95 !'_s-t!4!!! !!qE!E!!E!!E TFSiol Throuph FncindSnolie +.li
Awlol GuildlordCdous 3.?5 VAL LISTS& ACTI
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AWLO2 Cmd.n 3.?5
l3l4nl Bnenne 3.95 AwLl)] TEnron 115
l8ll42 LaRolh,eE 415 vol:: 1776.1781 ,1.50
V o l S :l r 5 c l 7 6 l I 5 0 w i u i f l l i l d w a r r 6 € 99 r
volJ 17401718
POSTAGE
&aop
PACKING C R I M E A NI T A R A R M I &
LNIFORMCUIDES vol5 l00Sdall Actions 4.
150
Lnp.drrc.valq r69l-l7la
p.r
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ol 6: Rusia 1787-1391 3
Europ. 60p pcr Ttrlc CWB/0| Bnkin.F m..& Sddinia 3 vol 7: B;rain | 803 | 5 .l 95
Amail . 1.35ptrTidc C"*.8/0: Fusia & Turl.) : v o l 8 : T h cR e s1 3 0 3 - 1 5 1 9 5

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 FLINTLOCK SIGNIFERFTAGS
Rd,Banrick,
27Carrlield LS15
Leeds, 4H\
lSmm NAPOLEOMC
QUALIWPAINTED lSmm fRANCO-PRIISSIAN WAR
AT HALF-PRICE!
SAMPLES These flags have been rcprcducedfrom original artwork
using lhe laiest graphic technology.They are Printedon
top-qualitypaperto ensurecrisp,clgancolourand delail.
Thelollowing areavailable
Napoleonics The rangs comp ses over 40 sels ol Infanlryand Cavalry
you
andwillenable to assessourpainting: colours.The Fr€nch Napoleonicpacks are based on the
1804 Dattem:lhe Austians on the 1806,the Prussians
1 . GordonHighlander includebolhLeibfahne & Reil€renfahne ol the 1808issue.
BritishLighl Inlantry In lhe FRANCO-PRUSSIAN wAR rangethe Frenchhavo
.t. FrenchCuirassier individuallynumberedregimentalllags; the Prussians
geneic llags with 15 colourcombinations.
4. FrenchGrenadier UK& EUROPEAN & COMMONWEALTH CUSTOMERS
2nd PrussianCuirassier - Forasamplepackandcomplete listing,send10 FirstClass
stampsor 10 IRCSto
The YellowRiders
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AustrianCuirassierOfficer 26Clitfsea
Grove, onSea,
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SS91NQ
Specialoffer Pricesincludingp.p. USCUSTOMERS
Send$3 in billsto
t5 per lnfantry;e7.50Cavalry. SIGNIFER,
Subsequentorderswill be charged Westminster,
3419 Suite243,
Dallas,
Texas,75205
at the full price. TRADEORDERS
WELCOME

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Carltonle WillowsFife & Drum

WargamingClub presents

STANDTO!92
at Carltonle WillowsUpperSchool
10.00amto 6.00pm
11.00Adults
Entrance: & OAPs
50pUnder-16

1stBRITISHCHAMPIONSHIPS
DEMONSTRATIONGAME
TRADESTANDS
DEMONSTRATIONGAMES
PARTICIPATIONGAMES
BRING&BUY
PAINTING COMPETITION
CAFETERIA& BAR

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 47

e C&
E #F""qj##*,ryffi*flll*Pfi,1,fiP''
P6tage dte 12*% 25p on ord.s l.s rhan t2
fi-NFalNd-l

T----;ffi-'l
gi*5
| 6h.lldxo I

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25mmTHEAPACHES 25mm
The scourgeof the Old West
MOUNTED
(lemrtrof 6amrgfor {,on!on API SHOOTINGBOW 92D
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AP6 STANDING
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92D
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44p
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FINCHLEY,
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081-3462327 APlO STANDING
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GDW,Games Workshop,lCE, Y'sA
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ftll HOtE0n0aR5:Run6n (|!,2,)$1906Aftr 5pmdly
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ditr r tum or Engl.n'l.ddE,

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4il

NORTHERNMITITAIRE'92
31st OCT& lst NOV 1992
SALFORD COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY.
SALFORD, MANCITESTER
Situatedwest ofthe City Centre at the end ofthe M602 which leadsoffJunction 12of fte M62.
Adjacent bus andrail stations.
This is a venu€with ground floor access,no
stepsor lifts, good lighting, barsand
restaurants.All the usualactivities you have
cometo associate with l}rislongestrunning
maioi event - trade stands,painting
competitions, etc.
Adequatepriwte parking facilities and
pri te outdoor areafor the outside activies.
OpeningTimes Saturdayr030alnto 5.00pm
Suod.y r0.00atBto 4.30pm
Admlssion Adul6l2.50
Two DsyTtck€t54.oo Under 14 and O-A..P.'SC1.00
This is a super venue, bring along th€ family and
enjoy a good day out-

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SKT
WARGAMES
FIGURES
9 WargraveRoad
Twyford,Reading
BerksRCl0 9NY
PRfSENIS

GARRISON
25mm
Rangeslnclude:
Assyrian,
Persian,
Republican
Roman,Roman Empire,Mongol,SungChinese,Celts,Late
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UNTILTHEFORESEEABLE FUTURE OURPRICES ARE
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SENDSAEFORFUTLMNGECOMPRISINC lOOO+MODELSTO:
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 frretSorp8lE15mm Metal Figures
PRESElIT

,* *",ill,i#!*ffil! E"*flffi"o{fli *o,,*

Brirain312110040
Romans& Gauts
EIz.belh'skish War
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WORLDWIDE MAILORDERSERVTCE
S.A.E.lot ILLUSTRATEDLtsrs
FREIKORPS l_5, 2-s-princetownRoad,Bangor,
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RATLYONCE MORE!(ACW)
IRONDUKE(Napoleonics)
MACEDON & ROME(350BC.6OOAD)
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Sendchequeor Mastercard/Visacard detailsto.
PAII BTIICH SIAIIOPI, YERS5O'
FOR
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Miniatures (unless
40peach stated
otherwise)
Bronte,NSW 2024 01 | -612-389-8943from the US 25mmscalem€t.r tisure{unpaintsdl
3{phii 6!m onode6!p rot3.O,t0%p.naqechaBe oi ordeBowt3 0O
AUSTRAIIA or 0't0-6't2-389-8943from the UK Ch6qu$ro bem.de pay.btsroH.roB Miniarur€5
G s l D l B 0 l l H E R O a Sa r e t o l d l * f o r $ e w h e n D t . v i h q A m e f l Q n
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7 Waverley
Place,
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 KEEPWARGAMING
PaulandTeresa Bailev
TheKeep
LondonRoad,
LeMarchant Barracks.
UK
Devizes,Wiltshire,SNl02ER, ONE FOOTSQUARES
Tel&Fax(0380)724558 Foot squar€block of NATO gradeuitra high density
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s I
TSSM1 PlaLh,sElnd 2.@ TSSMls Rared halh 2.5)
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TSSM12Rdsi s6 2.50 TSSM28Cotrr @d 2.50
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TSSM13Md 2.50 TSSM3oC6 rdds 3.00
TSSM14FInl harh 2.50 TSSM31\ nas€dd ba* 3.25
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MrdnneFioun6 Anlsmm,idm
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TSS201Snal f2.50 TSS202Mediumf2.50 TSS203L"'st 12 50
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Ldin&.d.1BuiHinr! Allow28 dals
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ft6inr: P.OBor 51E,WorcesterP.rk, lisrs
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STRATAGEM
18Lovers Newark,
Lane,
Notls.
NG24IHZ
Penoel&Hud senesolbookelson lhe oroanisalion, unirorms a.d
llaos-ofhe arm€sol lhe SevenYearswa; Allboollelsars 8 12,
sdpl€d wirh paper covers and black bindingstrip- Price indicales ROMANS
MIDDIE& TATIIMPERIAT
rhickness ranoinglrom20lo 100pages
and amounloi illuslralion,
wilh up lo 50% ilLuslralion.
PH 1 Auslrian Draooons andCuiassiers otP v . s l l . - d ' ! }

PH 2 Alsto-Huna-a.ianHussa6&Arlillery t2.95 nu k;6qry n!{dai.sme{q*

PH 3 Austro-Hungarian Inlanlry t5.95

PH 4 Bavaria,Saronv&lhe Palalinate otP
PH 5 FrenchCavalry andOraooons 87.00
PH 6 FrcnchMaison duFoi !3.50
PH 7 Fr€nch Trouoes L€norcs o/P
PH 8 FrenchInfarihyFeqimen$ o/P
PH10 PrussianOraqoonsandCunassiers !4.95
PH11 Prussian HussarReoimenls !3.50
PH12 Prussian Iniantry
Re-gimenls o/P
PH13 Bussian Cavalry !4.00
PH14 Bussian Inlanl.y e4.00
PH15TheRgichsarmse otP
PH17Swedish Amy inPome.ania t3,50
PH18Prussian Flags(includ€s swordknotsard drum xtr[Edbedkpruldtrq,ou{dd
bodelsrorPrussianAmy) c1.95
85,95
PH20Swedish andGemanSlatesCavalry e4.00
PH21 SwedishandGemanSlalesIniantli & Adjllgry e7.00 x*nLqoDry^w|&l'4trlbididhdq'had(615|
PH22 FrenchForeignBegihenls 14.00
Po3ta Pacldna
u&BFPo 1o.t(mrnrmum 35p) sMl5!\DstI0'f!nGro|
Ovelseas:Suda& 25% (mrnrmun t1) Armail50'/"
{minimumt2,)
ChequedPoa payable lo Slratagem Pleas€. P6be&P&|imUr&otm.^ddj0\do'df'minlnroF _0e
Overseascusioners pleas€rem|rIn srealng LrcR -n&c.i,d! {ddr0\ 1'trr- !0 r{dri"*o/d \dd.,rnrnJ
' kd;. adq.q\r+ -'i!.h r
O/P titles will be Epinted

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Ads^should
beaccompanied bya chequcmadepsyable
to StraaagemPubliistiorls Lta.. lS t "ers Lane,
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5O,OOO+ SECONDHAND WARGAMES FIGURES
Alwaysin stock.All scales.Most manufacturcrs.
SAE for liststo:
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(02E3)305s6
ORIGINAL CIGARETTE CARDS on Military, Naval and
Aviation Topics. Framed in setsof 10, 25 and 50. Pricesfrom
f15. SAE for list. FramingNostalgia,15, crousemoorDdve,
Ashington,NoihumberlandNE638LU.
BOOKS fOR SALtr. military, AFVS, uniforms, modelling,
wargaming. SendSAE please,K. Laidier,39DentonGardens,
Benwell,Newcastle NE156ND.
r5mm MINI-FIGS NAPOLEOMC, 144British inf. French 144
inf, plus30cav,sixgunsandthreecommandfiguresper sideall
paintedto superbprofessionalstandard.Unbased.Sensible
offers only to Ctuis 0922-5449817.00to 22.00hfs.
1:7t1:32 MILITARY FIGIJRE COLLECTORSCL(B. Airfix,
Revell,Matchboxat discountprices!Se€ondhand sets,sold/
exchanged, for details/lists,
sendLSSAE:Harfields,9lHilling,
dale,BigginHill, Westerham, KentTN163NS.

fhe Toliage ?aclory WELL PAINTED15mmFrenchAmy 1870,unpainted15mm

Franco-Prussians.Wants 1859Austdans, 25mm Franco Prus-
sians.Tel. 091234-0794.
TERRAIN& PAINTSFOR
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WARGAMES FIGURES PAINTED TRIPLE SIX professional painting service of high quality
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S€ndSAEor hro IRG IorDncelist figures. ANY SIZE, COMPETITIVELY PRICED. SendSAE
to: D, Seaqrove. and!1 for listsandsample.30 GlasgowStreet,Northampton.
THE IAST DETAIL
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MOONDUSTPAINTING SERVICE. For detailssendSAE or 2
WANTED IRC to 210Airton Place,NewtonAycliffe,Co. DurhamDL5
7ND.
OCCASIONAL WARGAMDR in Enfield Town area. I own COMMISSIONOF ARRAYE, offer a reasonablypricedservice
15mmNapoleonics and play by FrET IBMPC rul€s.Phone with extmsfor the discemingin 15mm.SAE and!l for sample
Peter(081)363-97&4 after6pm. to D. Hunt, 176Stonehouse Lane,BartleyGreen,Birmingham
25nm ANCIEI.{TS6th Ed or DBA, Retuming to wargaming B323AH.
after l0 years.Any well paintedarmiesconsidered, especially WARPAINT PROFFJSIONALPAINTING SERYICEall scales
Biblical,Persian/Greek, ImperialRoman,Dark Ages,Feudal, to high standardsat compeiitive prices. SendSAE and !1 coin
Crusades. PhonePeterRvdinp0372273314. for sample and list to; Warpaint, 106 WoodlandsRoad,
Har€sfinch. St.Helen\,Merseyside wA119AC.
IIIE GRANDARMEE. High qualirypaintingservicecovenng
FORSALE all periodsandall scales.Availableat reasonable
pri€es.Please
2{htrmNAPOLEOMCS collection. Approx 1742figs, 19 guns. sendf2.50for 25mmorfl.50 for l5mm samplepluspricelistto
Mixlureof RSMmelals.Airfix,t\cr plaslics.Manyconverions. Phil Mills, 15 Hedgeway,off Allerton Road, Bradford,W.
1230worth- yournakemeanoffer!PhonePeter(081)363-9784 YorksBD8 oAJ. Tel. 0274548669.
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rsmm CAMILLAN ROMANS; 88 foot, 15 mounted. 25mm andNapoleonics a speciality.SendSAE andll for sampleand
GamesWorkshopfigures;130+ Fantasy,20 SpaceMarines. pricelist. Chequesetc to David Thompson,109SaltersRoad,
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AIRFIX/REI'ELL 162, 1/35,60mm, l,?2 6gures,vehicles,
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1JY, SUE& SIIY ANNE
25mmECW FIGURES,everysinglefigure painted in oils and to THE Llr'f, AND TIMES
ofc. A, CUSTER.Anvone interesred
an extremely high competition standard_For fu(her derails in followingrhe
manwho madehis lasl srand; the Liltle Biq
call:Ashford(0233)634486,eveninssonly. Hom. Please contad43C reenwichGardens.NewportPagnati
AIRFIX r42nd SCALE, unpainted soft plastic WWII and BucksMKr60NP.
modernfigureslopeach.Telephone:(0532)688172.
WELL PAINTED 25nm NAPOLtrOMCS from Drivatecollec- BOBBATTLESON
tion. More than 1000 from 50p each. For free list dng DearSir,
0722-324272. Prcctical Waryamer recenrly announced my intention to
ENGLISHCML WAR,25mmarmieswellDaintedandbased. ceasetrading-
MainlyFoundryandFrontRankfigures.Approx300foot, 100 However I have received so many letters of support
horse,3guns,f350.J. Hall,3 Brownlees, ExminsterEX6 8SW. commenting on the high standard of the figures and my
52

1/2400SCALESHTPS I5mmAZTECS 2smmAZITCS

AZA I Amycomma.dPac[ one Pti.e Code
.:.h ahoan sm:ker. Ch€f ol AZ I Choenspeaker D
Nowwe bringyouthe Men,Arow K'ii8hr
c.pr.,
Eaqe KnshtCaor.hcuar Priest Az I C
chancetorefight rn'ehicapr,Quach'icaPt. Ea8lexni8ht AZ 4
EaEle(nishr Az 5
Capt.n C
LEPANTO, Singethe bswKnish' - AZ q ;a
Kingof Spain'sbeard, ,c 5 Eailern'ihicaplan166Bt
AZ 3 AtrowKnishr A
anddefeattheSpanish Aza 7 jaiurrniihtcipia'n16 6ssr ^z 9 Atrow(nighcaprain
AZr0 Qua.hi.Veteran
Armada. AZll Quachicverelancaptain C
Aarr Oua.hiccaprain (6fs,) Ml2 Apprenricewd'ior
AZAI2 Apprenticewar or azl I Orom' C
Mr4 Peasanr withMaqudhuiral
AZA14Peasanr withMaquahuiral
A7 15 Peaqnrwirh Lance A216 Pea$ntArcher A
Ml7 Peasantslnser
Renaissance Range Azl 3 W$pons Patk- Lance D
FRl MeditenaneanFlaoshioGallev e0.80 I snn Azta tuke: All Packst I 05 AZl9 weapons Pa.k r aquahuiral
D
FR2 Medrter.aneanGailev;3 t1.80 25hn Az* Pke Codes:A = 35p, Az20 tusonensbndrrds(3) H
FR3 SmalllllediterraneadGallsy(Galleot)x3 r1.60 c=3ap,o=60p,H=90p.
FR4 Mediteranean Galleass t0.80 coMlvc 500r* r smm c@dnddo.
oDlo<fid lo lh€ erittins A/{ r.4., Suit.hle for .dqud
r.n*. r rqtt tto AD, d6i3r.d a
of M.rio P€ru€lc
FR22 SDanish GrealShiD !0.80 IHECUIRENTTIN SOLDITR1sNN MNCES INCIUDE:
FR23 LarqeSDanish Urca t0.80 rs <r\oi, No ndn, d ol rs'rr { rb ra{rrn
l , e ' l e 1 ' . r ' v. e d e \ d l i v t -aiL'v,
FR3O2 EiglishRaceBuiltGalleons (ArkBoyat) t1.20 3\zanrine Aae( )dmJr', An! en' lbl'rn<ur.. ..lt waro^dnd
FR34 3 Fireshios.
wellalioht{basedon FR32 t1.00 5ub Roman(8/tish).
FR35 4 Cromp erclDutc-h FiatBottomed Gunboat)11.00 & rN 25mm:A.c ent lraliansraB 400.1003c,Azt(, Samurai(Muromachi
o e r o dr l 3 5 A O 4 0 0 A D , a r d r " n k $ I ' n < o l d ' . ' F a 4 t r " d c r m i e i n l l m r
Many moreships avarlablein lh|s range. 6n[ J i9 c/ PG k4. r<Trldnu'y {'riF.llonyrl4.<0 D B AI } P l a }i /
Sample NapoleonicFleel Packs Elede Affii6 Pricesl.omf5.s0.
FNF1 FrenchFleet(l7ships) 115.30
FNrc BnlishFleel(14ships) 112.10
New- FlaqshiD
- Naooleonic fleetactionrules !1 .95
SendSSAE& 2 <1sl Classstampslor lull lisl & sample.
HALLI'ABKFIGURES.30 HAIGHWOODRD.LEEDSLS166PB
T6l: 0532676075 ^UsrR urN w{(Mas -/\tl rr !.ldE Pddud n av.ihih lm tssEx
- First Rate NrArU.$ ^urMrr^" e lwdB tuE, Hffiby 2ot Nsw FM.0!177 6606
Models! oy@||2d..Nrl'i6w.ke'

custome$ belief that the 10mm figure will, given time,
inevitablysupplantthe 15mmfigureasth€ moslcommonscale
forwargaming.
I have,therefore,decidedthatlshallcontinueto make10mm
figuresavailableto the wargamingpublic andanyonewho wants
a catalogueand sampleshouldwrite to me at:
BelloWargames FiguresandAccessoies,
88Deersrvood Court,lfield,
Crawley,WestSussex RHl1oHF.
In additionto offering10mmwargamesFiguresI am also
able to offer wargamesrules and a new convertion and design
servicefor which your readersshould seethe classifiedadverts
in thisnagazine-
Yourssincerely,
Bobl-owe Proprietor
PLAY.BY-MAIL
HOPLITE ENCOUNIER. A fast moving Play-by-Mail war-
game set in classicalGreece.Tums fortnightly,!1.50 each conventionis
(UK), f1.7s (Europe).€5 nin. Chainmail,28ChisholmRoad,
Crovdon.CRo6UP.
FORTHCOMINGEItsNTS
THE SOCIETY OF ANCmMS DOTELES MASTERS. Fol-
lowingan extremelysuccesstul launchin 1992the 7th Edition
'doubles' is now establishedas a regular event in the
competitioncalendar.The main trophy for the event, a
magnificentbust of Alexander,has been donatedby The
Societyof Ancients.The organisenarece(ain that thiswill be
keenlycontestedfor manyyearsto €ome.
The format for the 1993competitionwill be similarto last
year. The main differences are that lists are being prepared
detailingp€rmittedarmy combinations.Additionallya new
venue,Leeds,is to be addedto the circuit.This will obviously
openoutthe competitionto theNorthemfratemity.
As last year, eachlocationwill operatea nodified Swiss
Chesssystem,ensuringthat the sameteamsdo not repeatedly
clashin subsequentrounds.
The prcvisionaldatesfor the variousvenuesale asfollows:
1 W.A.R., Reading9/1fthJanuary1993
2 CentralLondon6rth March1993
3 Oxford 3/4thJuly 1993
4 LeedsAug/Sept1993
5 Reigate27l28thNovember1993
Entrydetailsmaybeobtainedfrom J. D. McNeil,Thewhite
Cottage,WesthillAvenue.Epsom, Suney KT19 8LE- Tet.
0372721070. Please encloseastampedaddressed envelope.
NORTHWEST HMGS plans to hold its annual wargaming
convention, EnfiladelonMay22and23,1993.The convention
will be held at the Bestwestem LandmarkInn in Lynnwood,
washington (just north of Seattle). The primary focus of the
historicalminiatur€games,but some limited
boardgames, sci-fiandfantasygamesareplanned.Thiswill be
our third year, and we hopeto beatlastyear'sattendance of
about 200gamers.
Further information:Mike Pierce,ConventionDirector,
15315SE25thSt,Bellevue,wA 98007(206)64r-644.
Ian WeekleyModels
Tel: 0703279708
Supe.bwarsanes$e.ery castingsin lighNeighl hiehdefinilio.
uredane.Au detailsf.omthefollowitrg
TbeBaracks.325UnderhillRoad,LondonSE229EA.
Tel:081294200
CladialorGames, 11DeNenrAvenue.Big8leswade,
BedsSG18 8LY.Tel:0?67-314881
TheGuardRoon,38westSrreet, Dunstable,
BedsLU6 lTA.
 5l

trnlte AAlnlatuft"es
26 Bowleas€ Gard€ns,Bessacarr,
Doncaster.Sorth Yorkshir€DN46AP
Tel: (0302)5300JE

- FRENCH
ILLUSTRATED NAPOLEONIC
8PDR,
FOOTBATTERY
NEW- REDESIGNED
FBENCTI
NAPOIEONICS

Box20, Calumet,Pa 15621,USA

ThephotographaboveshowsFrenchHorseArtillerylrom our 15mmNapoleonicRangepaintedby AtanThirtwe .

ALL 15mmNaDoleonicoackse10.00

P6|a9d2ndPac\rrq12,2%qbfil'dowNs|

S0le
UKAgenl:Andy
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lliylam
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Dufiam
Co. DHg6ER. (0207)283$2
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5 The COI{MrcSEUR RangeE

ARMY PACKS
NEW GBEATVALUE BEADYMADE
List Pack
Price Price
FRENCHNAPOLEONIC
zxline Inf (36 men),lxlighl Inl (36 men),lxFoot Bty,lxline Chasseur Regt(24 men) as15 75.00
BRITISHNAPOLEONIC
2xLne Ini (30 men),lxRille Argade(30 men)lxFoot Bty,Hussar Regt(16 men) 6955 6000
AI\4ERICAN CIVILWAR UNION
lxlnf Advancing (36 men)lxlnf Charging (36 men)lxFning & Loading(36 men),
lxlJnionBty (3 guns12 crew),lxunion Cav Regt(32 men),lxsupply wagon 9800 85.00
AMERICAN CIVILWARCONFEDERATE
lxlnl advancing (36 men),lxlnl Chargng (36 men)lxFrring& Loading (36 men),l xconfedBtv
(2 quns I crew),l xContedCav Regl (32 men), lxsupply Wagon 9420 8000
COLONIAL BRITISH & ALLIES
lxBilish marching/attack or Ii ng (48 men)
or lrring(48 men),l xscotlish marching/atlack
l xEq!.tianmarchng/anack or firing(48 men),l xDjsmounted BriushCamel Corps(24 men),l xBrtish
mounted CamelCorps (24 men) 10440 8800
COLONIALARAB& FUZZIES
1x50 ansarsword& spear,1x50 ansardlles,flagbearers & ernirs,1x50 Ftlzzies,1x20 ansarcamelry91 50 7700
ALL THE ABOVE INCLUDE APPROPRIATE OFFICEBS, STANDABD BEABEBS AND MUSICIANS.
ALL PRICES ARE POST FREE AND NO FUBTHER DISCOUNTS APPLY,
AVAILABLEFOR A LIMITEDTIME IN U.K. AND U.S.AT ADDFESSESLISTEDBELOW'
MANYOTHERRANGESAVAILABLE INCLUDINGi
Saron,Eavarian,Russian,Prussian,Duich,Belglan,Brr,rnswLck, Portuguese, Spansh Baden,Wurtlemburg' Austranand
SwedishNapoleonic, AmericanCivil War, ColonalSerles Sudan Pony Wals, ltalian
Glnfighierc, wars
Ame canWarof Indep€ndence, rangeoi holses,personalities,
anda cornplete gunsandequipmenl lo complement allourranges
FIGUBESAVAILAALE INDIVIDUALLY
send 81.50U.K. or $3.00U.S.lor lull listings and sample ligure.

s u.s.A,,
P.0. 0.lel 8133431197
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CONNOISSEUR 0a Yorks.Y013oHR
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 55

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MilitoryHistory
QuizGome

MilitaryHistwl. well,herc's
SoyouthinkyouLnourall about to prweit!
yowchance
MILITARIA IS THE QUIZ FOR MILITARIA IS CURRENTLY
EVERYONEINTERESTEDIN ONLY AVAILABLE BY MAIL ORDER.
MILITARY HISTORY To ensure you have your set to impressyour
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The setconsists
o{ 200 cara, SPECIAI INTRODUCTORYOFFER

with 6 questions
MILITARTA
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on each
O.der ftum the addrcss tBki{ or fill in th. .ouDon
Subjectsare: irrrasrrilunruTirniranreenair-xsr-ronii-iiis-nres.|
o UP TO 1200AD ; \ r ! r c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -. .-. . . ... , , - - - - - -
i
-,- -- i
. 18th & 19th CENTURIES j
A J J r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .
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