UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED MEDICAL PROFESSIONS

PHARMACY DEPARTMENT
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY AND TAXONOMY (PhBioSci1)

ACTIVITY SHEET

Name: ______________________________ Course, Year and Section: PH 1-D Score: ________

Instructor’s Name: Sir Barry Anayan Group No: 6 Member No: ____ Date: Dec.5,2021

ACTIVITY 6: PLANT MORPHOLOGY

RESULTS:
A. ROOTS
a.1. External Morphology of Roots

SUGARCANE RICE
Type of Root system: Fibrous root system Type of Root system: Fibrous root system

SANTOL SWEET POTATO

Type of Root system: Taproot system Type of Root system: Fibrous root system
A.2. Internal Morphology of Roots
A.2.1. Draw and label the three (3) regions of the root.

OBSERVATIONS: The root tip can be divided into three zones: a zone of cell division, a
zone of elongation, and a zone of maturation. The zone of cell division is closest to the root
tip and is made up of the actively-dividing cells of the root meristem, which contains the
undifferentiated cells of the germinating plant. The zone of elongation is where the newly-
formed cells increase in length, thereby lengthening the root. Beginning at the first root hair
is the zone of cell maturation where the root cells differentiate into specialized cell types. All
three zones are in approximately the first centimeter of the root tip.

A.2.2. Draw and label completely the cross-section of a young monocot and dicot root.

MONOCOT ROOTS DICOT ROOTS

Name of Plant: Greenbie Name of Plant: Young buttercup
 MONOCOT DICOT
a. Arrangement of vascular bundles
Wedge-like Ring-like
(“wedge-like” or “ring-like”)
b. Pith (distinct or indistinct) Distinct Indistinct
c. Hypodermis (Collencymatous or
Parenchymatous Collencymatous
Parenchymatous)
d. Pith Rays (present or absent) Absent Present

e. Bundle Sheath (present or absent) Present Absent

A.3. Specialized Roots

A.3.1. Fill out the table below.
SAMPLES SCIENTIFIC NAMES SPECIALIZED FUNCTIONS
Beets are loaded with vitamins
and minerals yet low in calories
and fat. They’re also a good
1. Beets Beta vulgaris
source of several key nutrients,
including folate, manganese,
and copper.
Apples are a popular fruit,
containing antioxidants,
vitamins, dietary fiber, and a
2. Apple Malus domestica range of other nutrients. Due to
their varied nutrient content,
they may help prevent several
health conditions.
It can cure chronic diarrhoea,
dysentery and piles. It eases
leucorrhoea too. It treats gum
and teeth disorders and lowers
back and rheumatic pain.
It is also effective against
3. Banyan trees Ficus benghalensis treating female infertility. It also
cures ear problems and can be
used for the treatment of
problems related to hair. Nasal
problems, nausea and diabetes
can also be cured with it.
 It is the only orchid widely
used for industrial purposes in
flavoring such products as
4. Vanilla orchid Vanilla planifolia
foods, beverages and cosmetics,
and is recognized as the most
popular aroma and flavor.
Pine wood is widely used
in high-value carpentry
items such as furniture, window
5. Pine Pinus frames, panelling, floors, and
roofing, and the resin of some
species is an important source
of turpentine.
The pencil-shaped
pneumatophores originate from
underground horizontal roots
6. Black mangrove Avicennia germinans projecting from the soil around
the tree's trunk, providing
oxygen to the underground and
underwater root systems.
7. Witchweed Striga asiatica
8. Radish Raphanus sativus
9. Ginger Zingiber officinale
10. Pear Pyrus communis

B. STEMS
B.1.External Morphology of Stem
B.1.1.
MONOCOT STEM DICOT STEM
Name of Plant: Cogon

Name of Plant: Gumamela

B.1.2. Compare the external anatomy of a monocot and dicot stem.

PARTS MONOCOT STEM DICOT STEM

1. Nodes

2. Internodes

3. Lenticels
 4. Leaf Scars

5. Bundle Scars

6. Buds

B.2.Internal Morphology of Stem

B.2.1.
HERBACEOUS STEMS WOODY STEMS
Name of Plant:__________________________ Name of Plant:__________________________

CRITERIA HERBACEOUS STEM WOODY STEM

1. Color Soft green stems Brown
2. Texture Flexible Stiff
3. Diameter of the stem Small Large
4. Life Span Two years More than two years
5. Secondary growth (Present
Absent Present
or absent)
B.2.2. Draw and label the parts of x.s of a monocot stem.

B.2.3. Tabulate the difference between monocot and dicot stem.

CRITERIA MONOCOT STEM DICOT STEM
1. Arrangement of vascular
bundles
 2. Presence of pith

3. Hypodermis

4. Presence of pith rays

5. Bundle sheaths

B.3. Specialized Stems

B.3.1. Fill out the table below.
SAMPLES SCIENTIFIC NAMES SPECIALIZED STEMS
1. Strawberry Fragara x ananassa Runners and stolons
2. Bougainvillea Bougainvillea Thorns
3. Asparagus Asparagus officinalis Cladophylls
4. Potato Solanum tuberosum Tubers
5. Gabi Colocasia esculenta Corm and stolon
6. Honeysuckle Lonicera Stolon
7. Onion Allium cepa Bulb
8. Cactus Cactaceae Phylloclade
9. Ampalaya Momordica charantia Tendrils
10. Banana Musa Sucker

C.1. External Morphology of Leaves

C.1.1. Simple leaves: Draw each leaf.
MONOCOT LEAF DICOT LEAF
Name of Plant:__________________________ Name of Plant:__________________________

c.1.2. Compound Leaves

MALUNGGAY MAKAHIYA
Types: _________________________________ Types: _________________________________
 FERN FIVE-FINGERS
Types: _________________________________ Types: _________________________________

C.1.3 Venation Patterns

C. 1. Make drawings of the parallel and netted types of venation.
PARALLEL VENATION PINNATELY RETICULATE PALMATELY RETICULATE
Name of Plant:____________ Name of Name of Plant:______________
Plant:_______________

C.1.4. Phyllotaxy
ALTERNATE SPIRAL
Name of Plant: _________________________ Name of Plant: _________________________
 OPPOSITE WHORLED
Name of Plant: _________________________ Name of Plant: _________________________

c.2. Internal Morphology

c.3. Specialized Leaves

SPECIALIZED
SAMPLES SCIENTIFIC NAME FUNCTIONS
LEAVES
1. Garden pea Pisum sativum Tendril
2. Century plant Agave americana
3. peanuts Arachis hypogaea
4. birds of paradise Strelitzia
5. cactus Cactaceae Spines
6. Aloe vera Aloe vera
7. Water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes
8. Onion Allium cepa Storage Leaves
 9. Digman Hydrilla verticillata
10. Squash Cucurbita Tedril

QUESTIONS:

1. Which root system is more advantageous? Support you answer.

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2. Explain the different regions of the roots.

The roots have three different regions namely the zone of cell division, the zone of elongation, and the
zone of maturation. First, the zone of cell division is the closest to the root tip, it is made up of the actively
dividing cell of the root meristem. Second, the zone of elongation is where the newly formed cells increase in
length, thereby lengthening the root. Lastly, the zone of maturation it is were the root cells begin to differentiate
into special cell types.

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of producing small leaves instead of fewer large leaves?
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4. What are the main functions of underground stems?

The main functions of underground stems are used or perennation. The passing of unfavorable conditions
for growth is called perennation. Second, underground stems are a great mean of vegetative propagation. Third,
underground stems increase the number of plants rapidly in the locality. Fourth, they contain large amounts of
stored food. This stored food is used by new growing plants. Lastly, most underground stems are used as food by
humans.