Globalization and Its Effect on
opportunities, education, intermarriage,
Communication
What is Globalization?
Mansbach and Rhodes (2013)
 Globalization involves proliferating connections
among societies and peoples, growing porosity of
national frontiers, proliferation of transnational
processes, and growing importance of authoritative
actors other than national governments, such as
transnational corporations, social networks, and
international organizations.
What others think of Globalization
 Convergence of cultures hence the termination of
diversity of cultures
 May cause changes in a nation but does not
necessarily leads to losing its identity
 Phenomenon that leads to “deterritorialization”
What are some of the drivers of globalization?
 Colonization
 Diaspora
 Technologies
Colonization
 Marked the beginning of globalization
 Chinese, Spaniards, Americans, Japanese
introduced their cultures (language, food, clothing,
beliefs, values, education, etc.)
 Other Asian countries have their share of stories
on how colonization has shaped their social,
economic, and education systems without
necessarily being disconnected from their own
countries’ local methods civilization.
Diaspora
 Historically connected with the dispersion of the
Jews beyond Israel
 A phenomenon that refers to people’s movement
and inhabitation in countries outside of their own.
 Other scholars call this migration
 People migrate for several reasons (employment
professional advancement, etc.)
 Immigration provides a picture of fluidity among
peoples from different races where new networks
of economy and cultures are established
Technologies
 Have immensely facilitated globalization
 People are no longer strangers to events outside of
their own country
 Exposure to various political, economic, and social
systems through global news, current events, and
other media publicities have considerably educated
people
 On a micro level, impacting individual’s views towards
one’s society
 On a macro level, influencing a nation’s perspective
towards its governance, economic trading,
environmental care activities, social dealings, health
activities, and education system
 With communication technologies (smart phones,
tablets, computers) nations have become more fluid
in their interactions (video chats, phone
conversation) allowing instantaneous feedback and
negotiations.
How does globalization affect communication?
 With globalization, a need for common language to
achieve international intelligibility
 English is the universal language and learned by many
due to globalization
have
Local and Global Communication in a Multicultural
Setting
 Culture is a learned system of meanings that fosters
a particular sense of shared identity-hood and
community-hood among its group members.
 It consists of a pattern of traditions, beliefs, values,
norms, symbols, and meanings that are shared to
varying degrees by interacting members of an
identity group (Ting-Toomey & Takai, 2006 p. 691 in
Oetzel, 2009).
According to Oetzel (2009:9)
 We are simultaneously members of multiple cultural
groups, such as a national culture, ethnic culture,
 religious culture, gender culture, media culture,
social class culture, generation culture, which overlap
to varying degrees.

Reactions to Cultural Communication Encounters

 Assimilation- the effort to eliminate the cultural
differences towards home and host cultures

 Accommodation- attempts to retain some cultural

uniqueness and to transform the existing dominant
structures so that there is less hierarchy

 Separation- rejects the dominant society and

organizations, and individuals attempt to join similar
co-cultural group members to form organizations
that are reflective of their own values and norms

 Ethnocentrism- some people have the tendency to

think and feel that their culture is superior than the
others so they use their own culture as the standard
in judging other people’s cultures

 Cultural relativism- sees other cultures equal to

their own

National Culture Communication Differences

(Communication Patterns in Australia)
 Australians tend to put directness before diplomacy
and therefore can be considered quite blunt on
occasions. Directness is cherished in Australia and
failure to say what you mean and mean what you say
can be mistaken for evasiveness and even hypocrisy.
 It is important not to be too self-promotional when
presenting to Australians.
 In Australia humor is acceptable in all situations
even in business
 First names are always used in all business situations.
Similarly, educational titles play relatively little part
in business situations.