AL@@U U[NCRD KLDPN PLUG DRLA MB[D PN INNC

CGPRPRO NJBA,

DBJNMUND ;

[l`amlc [lmlcalo (;5<60355<9)

(;5<60355<9)

Sagflog Alogzl (;5<60355;0)

(;5<60355;0)

Cnog Abrmlwlo (;5<603550

(;5<603550;)
;)

[gocg Fgtrgylog (;5<603550

(;5<6035500)
0)

Srg Jbcglol Srbssl (;5<603553

(;5<6035537)
7)

Onvg Lvglog (;5<603556

(;5<6035563)
3)

HR[RPLO SBDONJNIG ULOILO

FLDRJSLP SBDONJNIG ULOILO CLO DBPBALSLO

ROGVB[PGSLP PLAGC HLDL[SL

;5<7

CLFSL[ GPG
 

 
 

KLK G

UBOCLARJRLO

<.<. Jltlr Kbjldloi

Kldsn mbrupldlo prncud njlalo cligoi, cgmlol cligoi tbrsbkut tbjla cgaljusdlo
tbrjbkga clauju clo cg`lmpur cboilo kumku-kumku clo tbpuoi tlpgndl, dbmucglo cgkbotud
sbpbrtg knjl-knjl db`gj jlju cgrbkus cljlm lgr plols. @lrl pboinjlalo kldsn `udup mucla clo
clplt cgjldudlo njba sglpl slhl, olmuo pbrju dbtrlmpgjlo dausus uotud mboialsgjdlo kldsn
yloi kbrduljgtls klgd (dboylj, bold clo mbolrgd kbotudoyl).

Mlsljla dblmlolo ploilo mlsga mbrupldlo mlsljla pbotgoi cljlm kgcloi ploilo
cg Gocnobsgl, clo pbrju mboclplt pbraltglo dausus cljlm prnirlm pboilwlslo ploilo.
Uboyldgt clo dbmltglo yloi cgtgmkujdlo mbjljug mldlolo cg Gocnobsgl slmplg sllt gog mlsga
tgoiig, wljlupuo prgosgp-prgosgp pboibocljglo uotud kbrklilg pboyldgt tbrsbkut plcl
umumoyl tbjla cgdbtlaug. Uboilwlslo ploilo yloi mboilocljdlo plcl uhg prncud ldagr

tgcld clplt mboigmkloig dbmlhulo yloi pbslt cljlm gocustrg ploilo, clo tgcld clplt
mbohlmgo dblmlolo mldlolo yloi kbrbclr cg plslrlo. Ubocbdltlo trlcgsgnogj yloi sbjlml
gog cgjldudlo clplt cgloiilp tbjla ililj uotud mboiltlsg mlsljla tbrsbkut.

Gocustrg ploilo cuogl mbmlocloi pbrju mbobrlpdlo sgstbm ‚Alzlrc Loljysgs

@rgtg`lj @notrnj Ungot/AL@@U” (Loljgsgs Klalyl clo Uboibocljglo Sgtgd Drgtgs). AL@@U
mbrupldlo sgstbm hlmgolo mutu (dblmlolo ploilo) yloi cgldug sb`lrl gotbrolsgnolj mbjljug
fnrum @ncbx Ljgmbotlrgus @nmmgssgno (@L@) yloi mboclslrdlo plcl dbslclrlo
mlsylrldlt, tbrutlml dnosumbo, klawl klalyl ldlo tgmkuj plcl kbrklilg tgtgd ltlu tlalplo
 prncudsg. Pgstbm gog alrus cgtbrlpdlo cljlm rlotlg prncudsg ploilo mujlg clrg klalo kldu
 ploilo (pbrtloglo), pboloilolo, pboinjlalo, cgstrgkusg, pbmlslrlo, slmplg cboilo pboiiuol
ldagr. Cboilo dltl jlgo, AL@@U kbdbrhl sb`lrl prnldtgf cg sbplohloi mltl rlotlg prncudsg.
Cljlm plpbr gog ldlo mbohbjlsdlo tlalp-tlalplo gcbotggfgdlsg klalyl sbrtl pbobtlplo @rgtg`lj
@notrnj Ungot (@@U) plcl prnsbs pbmkultlo kldsn slpg, sbagoiil cgalrlpdlo cboilo
cgtbrlpdlooyl AL@@U daususoyl plcl p
pbmkultlo
bmkultlo kldsn slpg, hgdl tbrclplt dbsljlalo plcl
alsgj ldagr dgtl clplt moibtlaug lslj clrg dbrusldlo sultu klalo ploilo yloi cgprncudsg.

<.; Ubrumuslo Mlsljla

Dblmlolo ploilo mbrupldlo alj yloi sloilt pbotgoi cljlm pboinjlalo ploilo.

Uboinjlalo ploilo yloi tgcld klgd clo tgcld lmlo clplt mbogmkujdlo kbrklilg ml`lm
 pboyldgt yloi kbrklalyl. Dblmlolo ploilo cgmujlg clrg pbobrgmllo, klalo kldu, prnsbs
 pboinjlalo, slmplg prncud ldagr. AL@@U mbrupldlo sgstbm yloi cgiuoldlo uotud
mbo`bila tbrhlcgoyl klalyl ltlu pbo`bmlrlo sb`lrl fgsgd, dgmgl clo mgdrnkgnjnig.
 

<.0 Suhulo

<. Mboibtlaug klalyl yloi muoidgo cgtgmkujdlo cljlm prnsbs pboinjlalo

Kldsn cligoi slpg.

;. Mbmkult AL@@U pjlo uotud prncud kldsn cligoi slpg.

 

KLK GG

SGOHLRLO URPSLDL

;.< Kldsn

Mbourut Ptloclr Olsgnolj Gocnobsgl (<772), kldsn cligoi lcljla prncud mldlolo yloi
 kbrkbotud kujlt ltlu jlgooyl yloi cgpbrnjba clrg `lmpurlo cligoi tbrold cboilo dlclr

cligoi tgcld durloi clrg 25% clo pltg (sbrbljgl) cboilo ltlu tlopl pbolmklalo klalo
mldlolo jlgo, sbrtl klalo mldlolo yloi cgghgodlo. Duljgtls kldsn sloilt cgtbotudlo njba
duljgtls klalo mbotlaoyl tbrutlml hbogs clo mutu cligoi, ml`lm tbpuoi yloi cgiuoldlo
sbrtl pbrklocgoilooyl cg cljlm lcnolo
lcnolo (Lstlwlo, <717). Ygknwn (<777) huil
huil mboiltldlo
 klawl duljgtls kldsn cgtbotudlo njba kloyld sbcgdgtoyl `lmpurlo tbpuoi tlpgndl yloi
cgtlmkladlo, sbmldgo kloyld tbpuoi tbpgndl yloi cgiuoldlo ldlo mbmkult duljgtls kldsn
sbmldgo rbocla.

Dnmpnsgsg dgmgl kldsn cgtbotudlo njba dnmpnsgsg dgmgl klalo pboyusuooyl. Klalo
 pboyusuo kldsn sbocgrg lotlrl jlgo cligoi slpg, tbpuoi, ilrlm, putga tbjur, clo kumku-
 kumku pboybclp jlgooyl. Fldtnr jlgo sbpbrtg Mbourut Pnbplron (<773), cligoi mbrupldlo
sbmul hlrgoilo abwlo clo sbmul prncud alsgj pboinjlalo hlrgoilo-hlrgoilo tbrsbkut yloi
sbsulg uotud cgmldlo sbrtl tgcld mbogmkujdlo iloiiulo dbsbaltlo klig yloi mbmldlooyl.
Cligoi yloi cgiuoldlo cljlm prnsbs pbmkultlo kldsn sbklgdoyl kbrupl cligoi sbilr (5 -
<; hlm sbsucla pbmntnoilo) dlrbol pboygmplolo cligoi cg ltls <; hlm ldlo mboybklkdlo
flsb jnilrgtmgd ltlu pbrtumkualo bdspnobosglj cgmlol humjla mgdrnnrilogsmb mbogoidlt
clo tumkua cboilo jlhu pbrtumkualo yloi dnostlo agoiil fldtnr jgoiduoilo mbohlcg
tbrkltls. Kgotnrn (;551) huil mboiltldlo klawl cligoi yloi cgiuoldlo uotud pbmkultlo
 kldsn alrusjla cligoi yloi klgd, yloi mbmpuoylg dnosgstbosg plclt (ibmplj) , tgcld
mboilocuoi jbmld clo hlrgoilo gdlt sbpbrtg cligoi kliglo plal, clcl clo puoiiuoi.

;.; Pgstbm AL@@U

Alzlrc Loljysgs @rgtg`lj @notrnj Ungot (AL@@U) lcljla sultu sgstbm dnotrnj cljlm
uplyl pbo`bilalo tbrhlcgoyl mlsljla yloi cgclslrdlo ltls gcbotgfgdlsg tgtgd-tgtgd drgtgs cg
cljlm tlalp pboloilolo clo prnsbs prncudsg. AL@@U mbrupldlo sljla sltu kbotud
mlolhbmbo rbsgdn yloi cgdbmkloidlo uotud mbohlmgo dblmlolo ploilo cboilo
 pbocbdltlo pbo`bilalo (prbvbotgvb) yloi cgloiilp clplt mbmkbrgdlo hlmgolo cljlm
mboialsgjdlo mldlolo yloi lmlo klig dnosumbo. (Ouous 8 ;5<;)
 

Mbourut Rjfla 8 ;5<;, AL@@U lcljla sultu sgstbm hlmgolo mutu yloi kbrclslrdlo
dbplcl dbslclrlo klawl alzlrc (klalyl) clplt tgmkuj plcl kbrklilg tgtgd ltlu tlalp
 prncudsg tbrtbotu, tbtlpg clplt cgjldudlo pboibocljglooyl uotud mboinotrnj klalyl klalyl
tbrsbkut. Duo`g utlml AL@@U lcljla lotgsgplsg clo gcbotgfgdlsg tgtgd pboilwlslo yloi
mboiutlmldlo dbplcl tgocldlo pbo`bilalo, clrg plcl mboilocljdlo dbplcl pboiuhglo

 prncud ldagr. Pgstbm AL@@U kudlo mbrupldlo sgstbm hlmgolo dblmlolo ploilo yloi
tlopl rbsgdn, tbtlpg cgrlo`loi uotud mbmgogmljdlo rbsgdn klalyl dblmlolo ploilo.

Pgstbm AL@@U huil cgloiilp sbklilg ljlt mlolhbmbo yloi cgiuoldlo uotud
mbmprntbdsg rlotlg plsndlo ploilo clo prnsbs prncudsg tbralclp dnotlmgolsg klalyl-
 klalyl mgdrnkgnjnigs, dgmgl clo fgsgd. AL@@U clplt cgtbrlpdlo cljlm rlotlg prncudsg
 ploilo mujlg clrg prncusbo utlml klalo kldu ploilo (pbrtloglo),
( pbrtloglo), pboloilolo, pboinjlalo,
cgstrgkusg, pbmlslrlo agoiil slmplg dbplcl pboiiuol ldagr.

Alzlrc Loljysgs loc @rgtg`lj @notrnj Ungot (AL@@U),Ibobrlj Mloufl`turgoi

Url`tg`bs (IMU),
(IMU), Ptloclr Olsgnolj Gocnobsgl(POG) clo Fnnc Plfbty (dblmlolo ploilo)
cglrtgdlo sbklilg dnocgsg ploilo lmlo uotud cgdnosumsg. Fnnc Plfbty sb`lrl ilrgs kbslr
cginjnoidlo mbohlcg ; ylgtu lmlo sb`lrl rnalog clo lmlo sb`lrl hlsmlog. Lmlo sb`lrl
rnalog kbraukuoilo cboilo dbaljljlo, clo lmlo sb`lrl hlsmlog mbjgputg ploilo gtu kbkls
clrg klalyl kgnjnig ltlu mgdrnnrilogsmb yloi mbmklalyldlo, klgd `bmlrlo fgsgd clo kbkls
`bmlrlo dgmgl. Uloilo yloi lmlo lcljla ploilo yloi tgcld mboilocuoi klalyl kgnjnig
ltlu mgdrnkgnjnig, klalyl dgmgl, clo klalyl fgsgd.

Klalyl kgnjnigs ltlu mgdrnkgnjnigs tbrcgrg clrg plrlsgt (prntnznl clo `l`goi), vgrus
clo pltanibo yloi clplt tumkua clo kbrdbmkloi cg cljlm klalo ploilo, sbagoiil clplt

mboybklkdlo gofbdsg clo dbrl`uolo plcl dnosumbo. Klalyl dgmgl plcl umumoyl
cgsbklkdlo njba lcloyl klalo dgmgl yloi clplt mbogmkujdlo tbrhlcgoyl gotndsgdlsg. Klalo
dgmgl pboybklk dbrl`uolo cglotlrloyl jnilm kbrlt @u (tbmklil), Xo (sboi), Ls (lrsbo), Uk
(tgmklj), Ai (mbrdurg), clo Po (tgmla). Klalyl fgsgd tbrcgrg clrg pntnoilo dlyu, kltu, jnilm,
rlmkut, clo dudu yloi dbmuoidgolo kbrlslj clrg klalo kldu yloi tbr`bmlr, pbrljltlo yloi
tbjla lus, ltlu huil clrg plrl pbdbrhl pboinjla mldlolo. (Jucgylol 8 ;5<0)

L.  Suhulo AL@@U

Suhulo umum8 Mbogoidltdlo dbsbaltlo mlsylrldlt cboilo `lrl mbo`bila ltlu

mboiurloig dlsus dbrl`uolo clo pboyldgt mbjljug mldlolo (Fnnc Knro Cgsblsb).

Fldtnr-fldtnr utlml pboybklk Fnnc Knro Cgsblsb8

<. Ubocgoigolo mldlolo yloi tgcld tbplt

 

 ;. Mbmkglrdlo mldlolo sbjlml <; hlm (pboylhglo)

0. Dnotlmgolsg mldlolo mbotla db cljlm mldlolo ‚ono-rbabltgoi”

3. Uboloilolo mldlolo njba pbdbrhl yloi mbocbrgtl gofbdsg

2. Urnsbs pbmlsldlo clo pbmlolslo tgcld `udup

6. Uboygmplolo mldlolo cljlm dblcllo aloilt : 62n@

9. Ubmlolslo dbmkljg mldlolo suau tgcld tbplt

1. Mldlolo kbrlslj clrg sumkbr yloi tgcld lmlo

7. Sbrhlcg dnotlmgolsg sgjloi.

Suhulo Dausus8

<. Mboibvljulsg `lrl prncudsg mldlolo klalyl

;. Mbmpbrklgdg `lrl prncudsg mldlolo `rgtg`lj prn`bss

0. Mbmlotlu & mboibvljulsg pboloilolo, pboinjlalo, slogtlsg

3. Mbogoidltdlo gospbdsg mlocgrg. (Ouous 8 ;5<0)

0. Urgosgp-prgosgp clo Ubobrlplo AL@@U  

Ubobrlplo AL@@U kglsloyl mbjljug vljgclsg AL@@U  pjlo

 pjlo   tbrjbkga clauju,
dbmucglo cgtbrusdlo cboilo vbrgfgdlsg sb`lrl kbrdljl. Ubobrlplo AL@@U alrus mbjljug
 pbmkultlo AL@@U  pjlo
 pjlo,, mbmnogtnr tgocldlo dnrbdsg sbrtl mbobrloidlo pbdbrhllo yloi
alrus cgjldudlo AL@@U  pjlo
 pjlo   sultu uogt pboinjlalo cboilo yloi jlgooyl clo sloilt

cgpboilruag njba hbogs klalo kldu, rlotlg prnsbs, dnocgsg jgoiduoilo clo hbogs prnsbs.  
Pb`lrl umum AL@@U cgclslrdlo plcl tuhua prgosgp yloi cgdbmkloidlo njba
 Oltgnolj Lcvgsnry @nmmgtb no Mg`rnkgnjnig`lj @rgtbrgl fnr Fnncs (OL@M@F),
Fnncs (OL@M@F), ylgtu 8 
 

<.  Urgosgp < 8 Mbjldsloldlo loljgsl klalyl 

;.  Urgosgp ; 8 Mbobotudlo @rgtg`lj @notrnj Ungot  (@@U).

 (@@U). 

0.  Urgosgp 0 8 Mbobtlpdlo kltls drgtgs. 

3.  Urgosgp 3 8 Mbobtlpdlo sgstbm uotud mbmlotlu pboibocljglo @@U. 

2.  Urgosgp 2 8 Mbobtlpdlo tgocldlo pbrklgdlo uotud cgjldudlo hgdl alsgj

 pbmlotlulo mbouohuddlo klawl sultu @rgtg`lj @notrnj Ungot  
tbrtbotu tgcld cljlm dbocljg. 

6.  Urgosgp 6 8 Mbobtlpdlo prnsbcur vbrgfgdlsg uotud mbmlstgdlo klawl sgstbm

AL@@U kbdbrhl sb`lrl bfbdtgf. 

9.  Urgosgp 9 8 Mbobtlpdlo cndumbotlsg mboibolg sbmul prnsbcur clo `ltltlo

yloi sbsulg. 

Loljgsgs klalyl plcl tgtgd pboibocljglo drgtgs tgcld kbrlrtg mboialsgjdlo tgocldlo
 pbo`bilalo yloi mboiagjloidlo sbmul mlsljla dblmlolo ploilo, olmuo mbmkbrgdlo
gofnrmlsg yloi clplt cgiuoldlo uotud mbobotudlo sultu `lrl yloi tbrklgd uotud
mboibocljgdlo klalyl yloi mlsga lcl. Ubobtlplo dltbinrg rbsgdn cgjldsloldlo sbtbjla
cgjldudlo pboibjnmpndlo klalyl. Ubobtlplo dltbinrg rbsgdn tbralclp klalo
k lalo mbmkbcldlo
 klalo yloi cgiuoldlo kbrbsgdn
kbrbsgdn rbocla slmplg tgoiig.

Slkbj ;. Uboibjnmpndlo klalyl sbsulg dlrldtbrgstgd  

Dbjnmpnd  
Klalyl  Dlrldtbrgstgd Klalyl 
 

Klalyl L  Dbjnmpnd dausus yloi tbrcgrg ltls prncud ono stbrgj yloi  

cgtuohuddlo uotud dnosumbo kbrbsgdn tgoiig sbpbrtg klyg, nrloi 

sldgt, nrloi tul clo jlgo-jlgo.  

Klalyl K   Urncud yloi mboilocuoi klalo yloi sbosgtgf tbralclp klalyl

klal yl 

 kgnjnigs, dgmgl clo jlgo-jlgo. 

Klalyl @   Cg cljlm prnsbsoyl tgcld tbrclplt tlalp yloi clplt mbmkuoua 

mgdrnnrilogsmb kbrklalyl ltlu mbo`bila/mboiagjloidlo 

 klalyl fgsgd ltlu dgmgl. 

Klalyl C  Urncud dbmuoidgolo mboiljlmg pbo`bmlrlo dbmkljg sbtbjla 

 pboinjlalo sbkbjum pboibmlslo. 

Lcl <; jloidla dbrhl cljlm pboyusuolol AL@@U sbklilg kbrgdut 8  

<.  Ubmkbotudlo tgm AL@@U, 

;.  Cbsdrgpsg prncud, 

0.  Gcbotgfgdlsg rbo`lol pboiiuollo, 

3.  Uboyusuolo cglirlm ljgr, 

2.  Vbrgfgdlsg cglirlm ljgr cg jlploilo, 

6.  Gcbotgfgdlsg klalyl plcl sbtglp tlalplo prnsbs kbsbrtl

kbs brtl `lrl pbo`bilalooyl,  

9.  Ubobtlplolo @@U, 

1.  Ubobtlplo kltls drgtgs plcl tglp @@U,  

7.  Ubobtlplo tgocldlo pbmlotlulo klig @@U, 

<5.  Ubobtlplo tgocldlo dnrbdsg hgdl tbrhlcg pboygmploilo clrg kltls drgtgs,  

<<.  Ubobtlplo prnsbcur vbrgfgdlsg, clo 

<;.  Ubobtlplo cndumbotlsg clo pbo`ltltlo 

 

KLK GGG

ALPGJ CLO UBMKLALPLO

0.< Ubmkbotudlo Sgm AL@@U

Jloidla lwlj yloi alrus cgjldudlo cljlm pboyusuolo rbo`lol AL@@U lcljla
mbmkbotud Sgm AL@@U yloi mbjgkltdlo sbmul dnmpnobo cljlm gocustrg yloi tbrjgklt
cljlm mboialsgjdlo prncud ploilo yloi lmlo. Sgm AL@@U sbklgdoyl tbrcgrg clrg gocgvgcu-
gocgvgcu cboilo jltlr kbjldloi pbocgcgdlo ltlu cgsgpjgo gjmu yloi kbrlilm, clo mbmgjgdg
dblajglo spbsgfgd clrg kgcloi gjmu yloi kbrsloidutlo, mgsljoyl lajg mgdrnkgnjnig, lajg
mbsgo/ boigobbr , lajg dgmgl, clo jlgo sbklilgoyl sbagoiil clplt mbjldudlo krlgostnrmgoi
cljlm mboilmkgj dbputuslo. Hgdl dblajglo tbrsbkut tgcld clplt cgpbrnjba clrg cljlm
 pbruslallo, slrlo-slrlo clrg plrl lajg clplt cgpbrnjba clrg julr. (Ouous 8 ;5<0)

Sgm gog tbrcgrg clrg 6 nrloi clo tbrcgrg clrg loiintl yloi mbmgjgdg jltlr kbjldloi
 pbocgcgdlo yloi kbrlilm, sbpbrtg lajg mgdrnkgnjnig ,
 , lajg dgmgl, mlolhbr prncudsg clo
sbklilgoyl. Kbrclslrdlo dbsbpldltlo kbrslml dbmucglo cgtuohud sbnrloi dbtul ltlu
dnnrcgoltnr tgm AL@@U. Sgm tbjla mboclpltdlo pbjltgalo tbotloi AL@@U.
Clftlr loiintl tgm AL@@U clplt cgsusuo sbpbrtg plcl Slkbj <8

Hlkltlo Olml Unsgsg

Dbtul Cnog Abrmlwlo Lajg Mgdrnkgnjnig

Loiintl <.   Onfg Lvgylog Mlolhbr Urncudsg
;. Srg Jbcglol Srbssl Lajg Fgsgd  
0.   Sagflog Alogzla Lajg Dgmgl 
3.  [l`amlc
Iucloi Klalo Kldu
[lamlclo
2.  [gocg Fgtrgylog Lajg Mgdrnkgnjnig

0.; Cbsdrgpsg Urncud

Sgm AL@@U yloi tbjla cgkbotud dbmucglo mboyusuo cbsdrgpsg ltlu urlglo clrg prncud
 ploilo yloi ldlo cgsusuo rbo`lol AL@@Uoyl. Cbsdrgpsg prncud yloi cgjldudlo kbrupl
dbtbrloilo jboidlp mboibolg prncud, tbrmlsud hbogs prncud, dnmpnsgsg, fnrmujlsg, prnsbs
 pboinjlalo, clyl sgmplo, `lrl cgstrgkusg,
cgstrg kusg, sbrtl dbtbrloilo jlgo yloi kbrdlgtlo cboilo prncud.
Pbmul gofnrmlsg tbrsbkut cgpbrjudlo tgm AL@@U uotud mbjldudlo bvljulsg sb`lrl juls clo
dnmprbabosgf. (Ouous 8 ;5<0).
 

Dltbinrg Urnsbs 8 Ubmlsldlo Uboua ( Fujjy @nndbc )

Urncud 8 Kldsn Plpg Dula
Mbrd cliloi 8 Kldsn Plpg Dula Pn Innc

Klalo Kldu Rtlml Urncud tbrkult clrg cligoi slpg, kumku rbmpla, ilrlm,
`lklg kukud, klwloi mbrla, klwloi putga, tbpuoi
tbrgiu,lgr, sttp
Dnmpnsgsg Urncud Urncud tbrkult cligoi slpg, kumku rbmpla, ilrlm,
`lklg kukud, klwloi mbrla, klwloi putga, tbpuoi
tbrgiu,lgr
Dlrldtbrgstgd prncud Urncud kbdu,
Cgrbkus/cgmlsld sbkbjum cgdnosumsg
Slalp Uboinjlalo Cligoi Plpg cgkbrsgadlo dbmucglo cgjldudlo
 pboiigjgoilo dbmucglo cg `lmpur cboilo klalo jlgo
clo cgjldudlo pbo`btldlo clo cgrbkus. Dbmucglo
cgkbdudlo

Uboibmlslo Dbmlslo Urgmbr 8 dlotnoi pjlstg` (UB) yloi cgsblj

Dbmlslo Pbduocbr 8 dlrtno/dlrcus
Rmur PgmploVP < tlauo plcl suau -<1 n@ ltlu durloi
Dnocgsg pboygmplolo  Frbbzbr cboilo suau ? = (-<1)n@/5n F
Jlkbjgoi Jlkbj yloi tbrtbrl plcl prncud tbrcgrg clrg olml
dnmbrsgj prncud ( Mbrd 
 Mbrd ),
), olml prncusbo clo
cgstrgkutnr, dnmpnsgsg klalo, gofnrmlsg ogjlg igzg,
tloiilj dlcljulrsl clo dncb
 prncudsg, jlkbj Aljlj, clo `lrl pboylhglo/`lrl
mbmlsld.

0. 0 Gcbotgfgdlsg [bo`lol Uboiiuollo

  Urncud kldsn cligoi slpg cgtuhudlo uotud dnosumbo mlsylrldlt umum.

 
Urncud kldsn cligoi slpg gog tgcld cgrbdnmboclsgdlo uotud cgdnosumsg lplkgjl tbrclplt
dbjlgolo fgsgd plcl dbmlslo, mgsljoyl 8 kn`nr, dbmlslo rusld, ltlu tbrhlcg pbruklalo fgsgd
clo dbolmpldlo plcl sllt cgkudl.
  @lrl pboylhglo 8 cgrbkus/cgmlsld.
 

0.3 Cglirlm Ljgr

Klalo kldu (cligoi 5kbdu) suau cligoi ≢ 

25 @

Ubogmkloilo

Uboiigjgoilo (mgo`goi) suau -;55@ ‐  5

 55@

Ubo`lmpurlo (mgxgoi)

Ubo`btldlo lcnolo kldsn (mnujcgoi) cboilo

udurlo ;5 irlm clo cglmbtbr 0-3 `m

Ubmlsldlo (`nndgoi)

Kldsn

Ubocgoigo
Ubocgoigolo
lo (`nnjgoi)
(`nnjgoi) suau <25
<25 @

Uboibmlslo prgmbr

 ;55  @
Ubmkbdulo suau ‐  ;55

Uboibmlslo sduocbr clo pboygmplolo cg iucloi

0.2.Vbrgfgdlsg Cglirlm Ljgr cg Jlploilo 

Vbrgfgdlsg cglirlm ljgr alrus cgjldudlo sbsulg cboilo npbrlsgnolj cg jlploilo,

tbrmlsud wldtu clo pbrgo`glo prnsbs prncudsg. Vbrgfgdlsg clplt cgjldudlo cboilo
 pboilmkgjlo slmpbj, gotbrvgbw
gotbrvgbw,, pbobjgtglo, pbmbrgdsllo dbldurltlo pbrljltlo klgd yloi
 

cgjldudlo sb`lrl rutgo ltlupuo tgcld rutgo. Ubruslallo alrus mbmgjgdg stlf dausus yloi
mboloilog vbrgfgdlsg. Ptlf vbrgfgdlsg kbrlcl cg klwla pboilwlslo jlknrltnrgum supbrvgsnr.  

0.6 Loljgsl Klalyl

Slkbj <. Hbogs ‐  hbogs

 hbogs Klalyl

Hbogs klalyl @notna

Fgsgd Ub`lalo dl`l, pntnoilo pjlstgd, kltu ltlu dbrgdgj, rlmkut, dudu,
 pbraglslo
Dgmgl Sndsgo mgdrnkl, klalo tlmklalo yloi tgcld cggzgodlo, rbsgcu
 pbstgsgcl, jnilm kbrlt, klalo ljjbribo
Mgdrnkgnjnig Pbj Vbibtltgf 8 Pljmnobjjl sp, Bs`abrg`agl `njg Dlploi 8
Lspbrigjjus, Ubog`gjjgum, Fuslrgum Vgrus 8 Abpltgtgs L Ulrlsgt 8
@ryptnspnrncgum sp Ppnrl kldtbrg 8 @jnstrgcgum
@jnst rgcgum kntujgoum,
Kl`gjjus `brbus

Slkbj ;. Dlrldtbrgstgd
Dlrldtbrgstgd Klalyl

Dbjnmpnd Klalyl Dlrldtbrgst

Dlrldtbrgstgdgd Klalyl
Klalyl L Urncud-prncud ploilo yloi tgcld stbrgj clo cgkult uotud
dnosumsg dbjnmpnd kbrbsgdn (jlosgl, klyg,
gmmuon`nmprnmgsbc )
Klalyl K Urncud mboilocuoi goirgcgbot sbosgtgf tbralclp klalyl
 kgnjnig, dgmgl ltlu fgsgd
Klalyl @ Urnsbs tgcld mbmgjgdg tlalp pboinjlalo yloi tbrdbocljg
yloi sb`lrl bfbdtgf mbmkuoua mgdrnkl kbrklalyl ltlu
mboiagjloidlo klalyl dgmgl ltlu fgsgd

Klalyl C Urncud muoidgo mboiljlmg rbdnotlmgolsg sbtbjla

 pboinjlalo sbkbjum pboibmlslo
Klalyl B Lcl pntbosg tbrhlcgoyl dbsljlalo pboloilolo sbjlml
cgstrgkusg ltlu njba dnosumbo yloi mboybklkdlo prncud
 kbrklalyl

Klalyl F Sgcld lcl tlalp pbmlolslo ldagr sbtbjla pboibmlslo

ltlu cg tloilo dnsumbo ltlu tgcld lcl pbmlolslo ldagr
ltlu tlalp pbmusolalo mgdrnkl sbtbjla pboibmlslo
sbkbjum mbmlsudg plkrgd (uotud klalo kldu ) ltlu tgcld
lcl `lrl lplpuo klig dnosumbo uotud mbocbtbdsg,
mboiagjloidlo ltlu mboialo`urdlo klalyl dgmgl ltlu
fgsgd

Sgocldlo pbo`bilalo ( prbvbotgvb mblsurb ) lcljla dbigltlo yloi clplt

mboiagjloidlo klalyl ltlu mbouruodlo klalyl slmplg db kltls lmlo. Kbkbrlpl klalyl
yloi lcl clplt cg`bila ltlu cgmgogmljdlo mbjljug pbobrlplo prlsylrlt clslr pbocuduoi
sgstbm AL@@U sbpbrtg IMU ( Innc Mloufl`turgoi Url`tg`bs) , PPNU ( Plogtltgno Ptloclrc
Npbrltgnolj Urn`bcurb) , PNU ( Ptloclrc Npbrltgnolj Urn`bcurb ), clo sgstbm pbocuduoi
jlgooyl. Rotud mbobotudlo rbsgdn ltlu pbjuloi tbotloi tbrhlcgoyl sultu klalyl, mldl clplt
 

cgjldudlo pbobtlplo dltbinrg rbsgdn. Clrg kbkbrlpl kloyld klalyl yloi cgmgjgdg njba sultu
 klalo kldu, mldl clplt cgtbrlpdlo dltbinrg rbsgdn G slmplg VG ( Slkbj 0 ). Pbjlgo gtu, klalyl
yloi lcl clplt huil cgdbjnmpnddlo kbrclslrdlo sgiogfgdlosgoyl ( Slkbj 3 ). Pgiogfgdlosg
 klalyl clplt cgputusdlo njba tgm cboilo mbmpbrtgmkloidlo pbjuloi tbrhlcgoyl (
rblsnolkjy jgdbjy tn n``ur ) clo dbplrlalo ( sbvbrgty
s bvbrgty ) sultu klalyl. (Fbkrglol Lt ljj 8 ;557)

Slkbj 0. Ubobtbplo Dltbinrg

Dltbinrg [bsgdn

Dlrldtbrgstgd
Dlrldtbrgstgd Klalyl Dltbinrg Klalyl Hbogs Klalyl
5 5 Sgcld mboilocuoi klalyl L
slmplg F
(+) G Mboilocuoi sltu klalyl K
slmplg F
(++) GG Mboilocuoi cul klalyl K
slmplg F

(+++) GGG Mboilocuoi tgil klalyl K

slmplg F
(++++) GV Mboilocuoi bmplt klalyl K
slmplg F
(+++++) V Mboilocuoi jgml klalyl K
slmplg F
L+ (dltbinrg dausus) VG Dltbinrg rbsgdn pljgoi tgoiig
(sbmul prncud yloi mbmpuoylg
cboilo ltlu tlopl klalyl
 klalyl L)
K-F

Slkbj 3. Ubobrlplo Loljgsgs Klalyl plcl prncud Kldsn Cligoi Plpg

ALXL[C LOLJWPGP/U[BVBOSGVB MBLPR[BP (LOLJGPGP KLALWL/SGOCLDLO UBO@BILALO

Jloidla Klalyl Kgnjnig`lj (K) Sgocldlo @notna Klilgmlol

Urnsbs  Mg`rnkgnjnig`lj@abmg`lj(@) Ubo`bilalo   Alzlrc Lpldla
Cgpbrdboljdlo *
Uaysg`lj (U)
 

[b`bgvgoi K(Ubrtumkualo Mgdrnkl) Mbmpbrtlalodlo K-Srlospnrt uogt

mblt
dnotrnj suau yloi tgcld `udup suau prncud plcl  pbocgoigo tgcld
(Ubobrgmllo
cligoi) ldlo mboialsgjdlo tgoidlt yloi  kbrfuoisg cboilo klgd
 pbrtumkualo mgdrnkl tgcld `udup uotud (clrg frbno).
clplt cgtbrgml. mbo`bila

 pbrtumkualo
 kldtbrg. K-Ylcla pboigrgmlo
K (dbsljlalo pboloilolo) (kgo `nmkn dlrtno)
Gospbdsg vgsulj
Gotbirgtls wlcla jloisuoi alo`ur njba fnrdjgft
clrg dnotlgobr
cgdnmprnmgdlo sbcbmgdglo clo wlcla jloisuoi
uotud mbmlstgdlo
rupl sbagoiil dnotlmgolsg (fgjm mbjgjgt olmplo
 klawl dnotlgobr
mgdrnkl clplt tbrhlcg. gocgvgcu) rnkbd clo
jloisuoi tgcld
tbrtusud
tbriloiiu.
mbmpbrdboljdlo
mgdrnkl kbrklalyl db
cljlm prncud.

U-Untnoilo dl`l
cgtbmudlo cljlm
 prncud clrg knjl

Gospbdsg vgsulj jlmpu rusld, djgp

clrg slmpbj yloi jnilm, pgslu, pjlstgd,

U (Mltbrglj Lsgoi) klalo
rbprbsbotltgf cjj
lsgoi Sbrjgalt yloi clplt
`udup uotud
mbmklalyldlo dblmlolo mbmlstgdlo tgcld
 prncud. Cligoi clo Roiils
lcl klalo lsgoi
Klalyl Urncud clo Uloculo
alcgr.
Uboibocljglo.

[b`bgvgoi ono- @ (Klalo dgmgl mbrusld) Ulstgdlo klawl @-Sab obw trly pl`d
mblt Dgmgl/ono-cligoi klalo surlt hlmgolo ‚cglpbrs”nrcbrbc
(Ubobrgmllo /klalo dbmlslo, clplt  plcl fgjb clo `lmb go loc tab jbttbr
sbjlgo cligoi) cgtbrgml uotud pboiiuollo sbsulg uotud nf iulrlotbb gs prbsbot
yloi cgmldsucdlo. Alrus  pboiiuollo wgta tab sagpmbot,
 klalo mldlolo dbjls  prncud. anwbvbr tab jbttbr
cgsbtuhug uotud pboiiuollo stltbs talt nf tab
yloi cgmldsucdlo. cglpbrs lrb l``bptlkjb
fnr gocustrglj usb loc
ont fnnc irlcb.
 

U-Agtlm klalo yloi

mboybruplg, dntnrlo
abwlo pboibrlt yloi
cgtbmudlo plcl

Gospbdsg vgsulj  pbrmudllo stbrnfnlm.

clrg slmpbj yloi
U (Mltbrglj Lsgoi) klalo
rbprbsbotltgf
lsgoi Sbrjgalt yloi clplt
`udup uotud
mbmklalyldlo dblmlolo
mbmlstgdlo tgcld
 prncud, dntnrlo abwlo
lcl klalo lsgoi
 pboibrlt, sbrloiil, cjj
alcgr.

Ptnrlib ‐ mblt
mblt K (Ubrtumkualo Mgdrnkl) Mbmnogtnr suau K-@nnjbr Ibobrltnr
(Uboygmplolo dnotrnj suau yloi tgcld `udup  prncud gotbrolj rusld clo suau
cligoi)  kgsl mboildgkltdlo clo suau ruloilo sbdgtlr cljlm
 pbrtumkualo mgdrnkl tgcld jgoiduoilo (bx. mbogoidltdlo cgoigo
clplt cgtbrgml. Urncud suau @nnjbr ltlu cg ltls 255 F sbjlml
gotbrolj clo suau jgoiduoilo frbbzbr) uotud <5 hlm mbogoidltdlo
alrus cgplotlu. mbmlstgdlo suau prncud cg ltls
 klawl cligoi dbpltualo
tgcld mbjbkgag mbmuoidgodlo
tgoidlt yloi  pbrtumkualo kldtbrg
`udup uotud yloi kbrjbkgalo.
mbo`bila
 pbrtumkualo
 kldtbrg sbjlml
jbkga clrg < hlm,
clo suau
 pbocgoigo ltlu
frbbzbr tgcld
mbjbkgag 255 F
sbjlml jbkga clrg
; hlm.

Ptnrlib ono- U (Klalo Lsgoi / pbmljsulo) Gospbdsg vgsulj U-Urncud cgsgmplo

mblt Pbmul ono-cligoi klalo clrg tbmplt jloisuoi plcl
(Uboygmplolo  klalo dbmlslo, cjj alrus  pboygmplolo cgocgoi yloi
sbjlgo cligoi) cgsgmplo uotud mbo`bila uotud mbmlstgdlo mbmgjgdg pugoi-pugoi
dnotlmgolsg dlrbol klalo  klawl klalo- yloi dndna. Dntnrlo
lsgoi. Cligoi clo Urncud  klalo yloi yloi tbrjgalt hltua db
Roiils Klalyl clo Uloculo cgsgmplo cg cljlm klalo dbmlslo
Uboibocljglo. clbrla yloi yloi dnotld prncud.
 kbrsga, tbrtutup,
 

clo tgcld
 kbrtumpu
jloisuoi plcl
jlotlg.

Lssbmkjb/ prb- K (Ubrtumkualo Mgdrnkl) Mbmlotlu K-Pbklilg alsgj clrg

wbgia/ prb- dnotrnj suau yloi tgcld lmkgbot suau dbrusldlo mbdlogs,
irgoc/rb-wnrd mbmlclg clplt dlmlr clo suau ibrldlo prncud db
fgolj irgoc mboildgkltdlo pbrtumkualo  prncud uotud cljlm sgdjus
mblt mgdrnkl tgcld clplt cgtbrgml. mbmlstgdlo  pbocgoigolo tbrtuocl
(pboiigjgoilo Urncud suau gotbrolj clo suau  klawl suau 6 hlm clo suau
cligoi ldagr) jgoiduoilo alrus cgplotlu.  prncud tgcld mbogoidlt cg ltls 225 
mbjbkgag tgoidlt  prncud F ldgklt
yloi `udup uotud  plplrlo suau ruloilo
mbo`bila sbdgtlr.
 pbrtumkualo
 kldtbrg sbjlml
jbkga clrg ; hlm
clo suau ruloilo
tgcld mbjbkgag 255
F sbjlml jbkga
clrg 3 hlm.
U-Mbmgocladlo
 kliglo pboiigjgoi
U (Klalo Lsgoi) klalo lsgoi
tgcld cgltur cboilo
Sbrjgalt yloi clplt Gopb`tgno Vgsulj
 kbolr ltlu cgdboldlo
mbmklalyldlo dblmlolo sbmul prncud
clo mboiigjgoi
 prncud, jnilm clo sbrutlo sbpbrtg yloi
 kbrslml-slml
 pjlstgd, slruoi tloilo dlrbt, cgprnsbs uotud
mbogoiiljdlo
tujloi, cjj Cligoi clo mbmlstgdlo tgcld
 pntnoilo-pntnoilo
Roiils Urncud Klalyl clo lcl klalo lsgoi
jnilm tlola db cljlm
Uloculo Uboibocljglo. alcgr.
 prncud.

Ul`dligoi / U (Klalo Lsgoi) Uboiiuollo Ultla jnilm djgp clrg

jlkbjgoi cbtbdtnr jnilm @auk cljlm prncud.
(Uboibmlslo)  plcl sbmul
 prncud yloi
cgdbmls.

@nnjgoi loc K (Ubrtumkualo Mgdrnkl) Mbmnogtnr suau K-@notgounus ljlt

stnrlib nf Untbosg uotud pbogoidltlo  prncud uotud  pbrbdlm kbjum
 prncu`t  pbrtumkualo mgdrnkl hgdl mbmlstgdlo cgdljgkrlsg sbjlml
(Ubocgoigolo suau prncud tgcld  klawl prncud  kbrmgoiiu-mgoiiu
cljlm cgpbrtlalodlo plcl suau ltlu yloi cgsgmplo clo tgcld mbrbdlm
 pboygmplolo cg klwla tgoidlt cg mlol cgpbrtlalodlo suau ruloilo sbdgtlr
 prncud)  pltnibo kbrtlalo agcup clo  plcl tgoidlt yloi yloi sbkbolroyl.
tumkua cboilo `bplt. `udup uotud Puau ruloi
mbo`bila sbkbolroyl lcljla
 

 pbrtumkualo sbdgtlr ;9 cbrlhlt

mgdrnkl. jbkga tgoiig clrg yloi
sbalrusoyl,
go`rblsbgoi
Ubmlotlulo suau
tbmpbrltur prncud db
ruloilo sbdgtlr
tgtgd cg mlol kldtbrg
uotud mbmlstgdlo
clplt kbrdbmkloi
 klawl alj gtu
cnbo't mbjbkgag  kgld clo / ltlu
 pbmkusudlo clplt
255 F sbjlml jbkga
tbrhlcg.
clrg < hlm.

Pagppgoi K (Ubrtumkualo Mgdrnkl) Urncud alrus

Urncud alrus 35
35 Urncud tgc
Urncud tgcld
ld :35
:35 F
(pbjlylrlo) Untbosg uotud pbogoidltlo F ltlu durloi sbkbjum
fjnrl kldtbrg clo pltnibo sbkbjum mbogoiiljdlo
botbrgd jlgooyl yloi ldlo mbogoiiljdlo cbrmlil clo
 kbrdbmkloi kgld db tgoidlt  pbocgrglo.  prnjgfbrlsg mgdrnkl
yloi tgcld lmlo plcl prncud mboialsgjdlo sbjlml
 hgdl suau mbogoidlt sbjlml trlospnrtlsg.
[bfrgibrltbc
trlospnrtlsg.
trlospnrtlsg.

Slkbj 2. Drgtbrgl Mutu Cligoi

Ulrlmbtbr Drgtbrgl
Fgsgd Kbotud kujlt aljus, kbrudurlo sbrlilm, kbrsga clo `bmbrjloi,
tgcld duslm, sbcgdgtpuo tgcld tlmpld kbrhlmur ltlu kbrjbocgr.

Ylrol @ndbjlt mucl `brla ltlu sbcgdgt dbmbrlalo ltlu `ndbjlt mucl
lild dbputgalo ltlu lku-lku. Ylrol tbrsbkut mbrltl tlopl
tlopl
wlrol jlgooyl yloi mboiiloiiu
Klu Klu dals cligoi sbilr rbkus cnmgolo tlopl klu tboigd, mlslm
(klsg) ltlu kusud. Klu kumku `udup tlhlm.
[lsl [lsl jbzlt, bold, rlsl cligoi cnmgolo clo rlsl kumku `udup
mbonohnj tbtlpg tgcld kbrjbkgalo. Sgcld tbrclplt rlsl lsgoi
yloi mboiiloiiu.
Sbdstur Sbdstur dnmpld, bjlstgs, dboylj tbtlpg tgcld jglt ltlu mbmklj,

tgcld lcl sbrlt cligoi, tgcld jbmkbd, tgcld klsla kbrlgr clo
tgcld rlpua.
 

Mbourut POG 01<18;5<3

01<18;5<3 (KPO ;5<3) kldsn cligoi
cligoi lcljla prncud mldlolo
 kbrkbotud kujlt ltlu jlgooyl yloi cgpbrnjba clrg `lmpurlo cligoi clo pltg ltlu sbrbljgl
cboilo ltlu tlopl pbolmklalo klalo tlmklalo mldlolo yloi cggzgodlo. Cligoi yloi
clplt cgiuoldlo uotud mbmkult cligoi c
cglotlrloyl
glotlrloyl cligoi slpg, cligoi klkg, cligoi
dbjgo`g, cligoi lylm, cligoi gdlo, ucloi clo `umg.

Slkbj 6. Pylrlt Mutu Cligoi Plpg sbsulg POG 01<1-;5<3

 On Drgtbrgl Rhg Pltulo Pylrlt Kldsn Cligoi

<. Dblcllo
<.< Klu - Onrmlj, dals cligoi
<.; Ylrol - Onrmlj
<.0 [lsl - Onrmlj, dals kldsn
<.3 Sbdstur - Dboylj
; Dlclr Lgr % k/k Mlds 95,5

0 Dlclr Lku % k/k Mlds 0,5

3 Dlclr Urntbgo % k/k Mgo <<,5
2 Dlclr Jbmld % k/k Mlds <5,5
6 @bmlrlo Jnilm
6.< Dlcmgum (`c) Mi/di Mlds 5,0
6.; Sgmklj (Uk) Mi/di Mlds <,5
6.0 Sgmla (Po) Mi/di Mlds 35,5
6.3 Mbrdurg (Ai) Mi/di Mlds 5,50
9 @bmlrlo Lrsbo Mi/di Mlds 5,2

1 @bmlrlo Mgdrnkl
1.< Loidl Jbmpboi Sntlj Dnjnog/i Mlds < x <52
1.; @njgfnrm LUM/i Mlds <5
1.0  Bs`abrg`agl `njg LUM/i :0
1.3 Pljmnobjjl, sp - Obiltgf / ;2i
 
1.2 Ptlpayjn`n``us Dnjnog/i Mlds < x <5
lurbus
1.6 @jnstrgcgum Dnjnog
Dnjnog/i
/i Mlds
Mlds < x <5
 Urgfboibos

Dbjnmpnd Klalyl
On. Klalo / Goirgcgbot Dltbinrg [bsgdn
L K @ C B F
 

  Klalo Mbotla
Lcl kbkbrlpl
<. Cligoi Plpg ∘  ∘  ∘   kldtbrg
mltlalrg,
;. Ilrlm ∘  ∘  dnotlmgolsg
0. Sbpuoi tlpgndl ∘  ∘  ∘  mboiiumplj
3. PSUU ∘  ∘ 
2. Lgr ∘ 
Urnsbs
<. Ubmkbrsgalo ∘  ∘  ∘ 
;. Ubmntnoilo ∘  ∘ 
Uboiigjgoilo
0. cligoi ∘  ∘  ∘ 
3. Ubo`lmpurlo ∘  ∘ 
2. Ubo`btldlo
6. Ubmlsldlo ∘ 
9. Ubogrgslo ∘ 
1. Uboibmlslo

Alsgj
<. Kldsn ∘  ∘ 
;. Dbmlslo ∘ 

L = Mldlolo uotud dnosumbo kbrbsgdn tgoiig (l.j. plsgbo & inj. [bstg)

K = Mboilocuoi klalo yloi sbosgtgf tac klalyl kgnjnigs/dgmgl/fgsgd

@ = Sgcld lcl tlalp
tl alp uotud mbo`bila/mboiagjloidlo klalyl
C = Dbmuoidgolo mboiljlmg dnotlmgolsg dbmkljg sbtbjla pboinjlalo
B = Dbmuoidgolo pboloilolo yloi sljla sbjlml cgstrgkusg /dnosumsg
F = Sgcld lcl `lrl mbo`bila/mboiagjloidlo klalyl njba dnosumbo

0.9 Unano Dbputuslo uotud Mbobotudlo

Mbobotudlo @@U (SDD)
@@U cgcbfgogsgdlo sbklilg sultu tgtgd yloi mbmbrjudlo pboilwlslo drgtgs cg cljlm
ljur prncudsg ploilo cgmujlg clrg klalo kldu yloi cgiuoldlo agoiil slmplg dbplcl prncud
ldagr yloi cgalsgjdlo yloi mbmuoidgodlo tbrhlcgoyl rbsgdn dblmlolo ploilo yloi tgcld
clplt cgtbrgml (Salabbr, ;552). Ygolron (;55;) mbocbfgogsgdlo klawl @@U ltlu tgtgd-tgtgd
drgtgs pboilwlslo lcljla sbtglp tlalp cg cljlm prnsbs cgmlol lplkgjl tgcld tbrlwlsg cboilo