ST.

AUGUSTINE UNIVERSITY OF TANZANIA

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & INFORMATION SYSTEMS

DEPARTMENT

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

PRACTICAL TRAINING PROGRAM AT DIT

PRACTICAL REPORT ON POWER ELECTRONICS

GROUP NO: 3

S/N NAME OF STUDENT REG.NUMBER SIGNATURE

1 MICHAEL PENDO BSCEE 59694
2 VAILET MANYERERE BSCEE 60869
3 EMANUEL MRIGO BSCEE 60490
4 DENIS O BILAME BSCEE 66587
5 AMANI D OGOLLA BSCEE 66586
 PRACTICAL REPORT NO 2
AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER

INTRODUCTION

An AC voltage controller is a type of AC converter that use a Thyristors to convert a fixed

voltage, fixed frequency ac input supply to obtain a variable ac output voltage.

The RMS value of the ac output voltage and ac power flow to the load is controlled by
varying the trigger angle

Single phase full wave rectifier uses two SCRs or a single TRIAC. The power flow to the
load can be controlled in both the half cycles by varying the trigger angle.

OBJECTIVES

To study the single phase AC voltage controller circuits.

To construct and analyze the characteristic waveforms and performance parameters of single
phase full wave AC voltage controller using TRIACS.

INSTRUMENTS

 Resistor
 Potentiometer
 Capacitor
 DIAC
 Thyristors
 Dual-trace Oscilloscope
 Digital Multimeter
 Bread board
 Connecting wire

Circuit diagram
 Figure: single phase full wave AC voltage controller circuit diagram
Procedures

i) The components were prepared and connections made as per circuit diagram
ii) The circuit was then powered by an appropriate ac supply
iii) The input and output were fed to the two channels of the oscilloscope
iv) The firing angle was varied through the potentiometer and the values for the voltage
across load for different values of firing angle was recorded and tabulated as shown in
the table below

Table of results

Vin= 23.5V T(sec) = 1/f = 20ms

t(sec )× 360°
Firing Angle(α )α =
T (sec )

Table of results of AC output voltage controller without capacitor

Delay time Delay angle (α in degree) Vac (measured) Vac (calculated)
4.8ms 86.4 12.65 20.84
5ms 90 12.45 20.72
5.2ms 93.6 12.0 20.60
5.4ms 97.2 11.7 20.48
5.6ms 108 11.0 20.36

Table of results of AC output voltage controller with capacitor

Vin= 23.5V T = 1/f = 20ms

Delay angle (degree) Vac (r.m.s) Vac (average) Ripple factor

162 1.63 0.22 6.41
148.5 5.52 1.42 2.88
121.5 10.3 3.94 1.61
90 14.9 7.42 1.01
54 18.3 11.8 0.55
36 19.2 14.0 0.37
18 19.3 15.9 0.21
9 19.3 16.5 0.16

Wave forms

Figure 1: waveform observed when resistive load was connected

PRACTICAL REPORT NO 3
CONTROLLED BRIDGE RECTIFIER

INTRODUCTION
Controlled full wave rectification circuits use bridge circuits which are of two types: -

 Semi controlled, using two SCRs and two diodes.

 Totally controlled, using four SCRs.

In experiment, totally controlled rectifier was done by using using four SCRs. In order to
operate correctly the bridge needs a firing circuit, which delivers input pulses simultaneously
to SCR gates. Current starts decaying and so generates a voltage in the impedance coil from
the circuit diagram, both SCRs are kept in a conducting state until the energy stored in L is
depleted.

OBJECTIVES

Analysis of rectification with a controlled bridge rectifier circuits and analysis of bridge
performance with different loads

Instruments and Equipment used

 Digital multi-meter.
 Dual trace oscilloscope.
 Trainer kit MCM11/EV.
 Connecting jumpers

Circuit diagram
Figure: Graphs for single phase full wave AC voltage controller
Procedures followed

i. Connections were made as per circuit diagram by connecting the required jumpers on
the trainer kit MCM11/EV.
ii. The multi-meter connected (function of VAC) at terminals 33 and 34,to measure the
Vrms value of the output voltage.
iii. Varying the switching angle of the SCRs by SET-POINT power meter and observe
the variation of the voltages displayed on the oscilloscope and measured by multi-
meter.
iv. Setting the multi-meter (function VDC). Measure the Vo voltage across terminals 33
and 34 or the load and record the required values as indicated in the tabular form.
v. Varying the switching angle of the SCRs by SET-POINT power meter and observe
the variation of the voltages measured on the multi-meter and record the required
values as indicated in the tabular form
vi. Plotting the graph of delay angle versus DC output voltage.
Table of results

Table of results with only resistive load

S/N Delay angle α Output voltage Ripple factor

Vac (rms) Vdc (average)
V 2 rms

1 153 3.65 1.37

(r =
√V 2 dc
2.47
– 1)

2 130.5 9.42 4.86 1.66

3 99 14.2 8.6 1.31
4 67.5 18.6 13.3 0.98
5 45 20.2 15.6 0.82
6 27 20.9 17.4 0.67
7 13.5 21.0 18.2 0.58
8 9 21.1 18.4 0.5

Table of results for resistive load and inductive load

S/N Delay angle( α in degree) Output voltage (Volt) Ripple factor

Vac (rms) Vdc (average)
r = √ ¿ ¿ – 1)
1 166.5 2.65 0.45 5.8
2 135 9.47 3.55 2.47
3 108 13.2 6.06 1.94
4 90 15.2 7.87 1.65
5 63 18.2 11.4 1.24
6 36 19.4 13.9 0.97
 7 18 19.7 15.5 0.78
8 9 19.8 16.5 0.42

Post lab questions answers

 4 SCRs are required for a complete controlled rectifier

 At maximum value of supply voltage, the current in the inductor reaches maximum
value
 The current is not at its maximum when the ac voltage reverses polarity because it
depends on the firing angle
 The voltage across the load become part negative because the input voltage is an ac
voltage
 In rectifier with R-L load, the SCRs peak current depends on R and α

Wave forms

Figure: waveform observed when resistive-inductive load was connected

Figure: waveform observed when resistive load was connected