1.

Risk Assessment:

The identification, evaluation & estimation of the levels of risks involved in a situation, their comparison
against benchmarks or standards and determination of acceptable level of risk.

a. Five steps to Risk Assessment:

i. Identify the hazards
ii. Decide who might be harmed & how
iii. Evaluate the risk & decide on precautions
iv. Record your findings & review them
v. Review your assessment & update if necessary

2. HSE Management System

Management system is defined as a structured set of measures taken or recommended to achieve an

initially defined result, guaranteeing stability of this result in order to be able to set even more stringent
results, in other words implementing a process of continual improvement.

The company structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes & resources for implementing
health, safety & environmental management.

HSEMS Plan is a description of achieving health, safety & environmental objectives.

3. Scaffolding Erection & Inspection

A temporary elevated platform (supported or underhung) and its supporting components (including ties)
used for supporting workmen, materials, or both.

Types of scaffolds include:

a. Tube and Coupler Scaffold: A scaffold constructed of steel tubing that serves as posts
(standards), runners (ledgers), bearers (transoms), braces, and ties; a base supporting the posts;
and specially designed scaffold couplers that serve to connect the various members.
b. System Scaffold: A scaffold consisting of posts (standards) with fixed connection points that
accept runners (ledgers), bearers (transoms), and braces that can be interconnected at
predetermined levels.
c. Base-Supported Scaffold: A scaffold with posts (standards) supported at their base (not
underhung).
d. Birdcage Scaffold: A scaffold with more than two lines of posts (standards) or hanger tubes (if
underhung) across the width of the scaffold.
e. Tower Scaffold: A supported scaffold consisting of only four (4) posts (standards) connected
together longitudinally with runners (ledgers) and bearers (transoms) at right angles to each
other, forming a square or rectangular tower. A tower scaffold may be constructed of tube and
coupler, fabricated tubular frame, or system scaffolding.
f. Mobile Scaffold: A rigid scaffold assembly supported by casters that can be manually moved
horizontally.
g. Bracket (Tank Builder’s) Scaffold: A scaffold supported by bracket straps welded to the tank wall.
Upright brackets are hooked to the straps.
 h. Fabricated Tubular Frame Scaffold: A scaffold consisting of platform(s) supported on fabricated
end frames with integral posts, horizontal bearers, and intermediate members.
i. Independent Run (Façade or Independent Tied) Scaffold: A scaffold that has two lines of posts
(standards), one line supporting the outside of the scaffold platform(s) and one line supporting
the inside of the platform(s). The bearers (transoms) are not built into the wall of the building. It
is usually tied to the building for stability.
j. Underhung (Slung or Suspended) Scaffold: A scaffold that is suspended by fixed length wire
ropes (cables) or rigidly attached by scaffold tubes and load bearing couplers to an overhead
structure directly above (not outrigger beams), and having a work platform that cannot be raised
or lowered.

4. Fire Fighting

Fire is a self-sustained combustion reaction that takes place when fuel, heat & oxygen are available in
correct proportion.

Fires are classified as Class A, B, C, D or Special, depending upon the types of materials involved. These
classifications are defined as follows:

a. Class A: Fires in ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, trash, rubber and
plastic.
b. Class B: Fires in flammable liquid, oil, grease, tar, oil-base paint, lacquer and flammable gas.
c. Class C: Fires involving energized electrical equipment or systems, resulting in the extinguishing
media conducting electricity. (When electrical equipment or systems are de-energized,
extinguishers for Class A or B fires can be used safely.)
d. Class D: Fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium
and potassium.
e. Special: Fires in certain reactive chemicals that fall outside the other four classifications and that,
in some cases, require special extinguishing agents or techniques.

5. HSE Training

6. Emergency Evacuation Procedure

Emergency Evacuation Procedure provide the organization guidelines & directions to ensued fast &
effective response in any emergency situation in order to save lives, property & the environment.

7. Excavation Safety

Excavation is defined as any man made cut, cavity or depression in the earth’s surfaces, formed by earth
removal.

Trench: where the length is more than the width but width doesn’t exceed 15 feet.

Excavations shall not be sloped at an angle greater than one and one-half horizontal to one vertical (340
measured from the horizontal).
8. Road Safety

LPR#1 – Journey Management

9. Lifting Operations

Stops lifting when the wind speed exceeds 17 knots / hour

10. Electrical Safety

Hazards: Fire, electrocution

Control Measures: Low Voltage, Earthing, Inspection & Testing, Training & Competency

11. Environmental Issues

12. Hot Work Procedure

13. NDT Procedures

Ionizing radiation is radiation, which interacts with matter to form ions; high-energy electromagnetic
radiation and particle radiation are capable of producing ions in their passage through matter. Types of
ionizing radiation include alpha and beta particles, x-rays, gamma rays, etc.

Very large doses to small part of body have resulted in death or In amputation of damaged tissue, such as
Fingers, hands, legs, etc. and even death.

a. IMMEDIATE EFFECTS
i. Radiation burns
ii. Radiation sickness

b. DELAYED EFFECTS
i. Cancer
ii. Genetic defects in offspring

c. PERSONAL PROTECTION

i. TIME
Limit/control the time spent working with radiation producing equipment and the dose
will be minimized.

ii. DISTANCE
Place as much distance as possible between you and radiation producing equipment.

iii. SHIELDING
Place a barrier of appropriate material between you and the radiation producing
equipment.
14. H2S

Hydrogen sulphide a highly toxic flammable gas is a hazard prevalent throughout ADCO's field areas. The
risk of exposure to this gas is significant and it is not limited to employees and contractors but to any
person who happens to be near an affected facility.

Characteristics of H2S:

o Highly toxic, poisonous gas,

o Colourless,
o Soluble in water
o Characteristic odour of rotten eggs distinct from 0.1 ppm up to 100 ppm (0.01%), causes
o Loss of sense of smell at relatively low concentrations,
o Explosive range by volume in the air: 4.3% - 44.5%,
o Auto-ignition temperature of 260o c (500of),
o Vapour density 1.2 times heavier than air,
o Burns with a blue flame producing sulphur dioxide - another toxic gas,
o Highly corrosive to certain metals.

Effects of H2S at Different Concentrations:

o 0.13 ppm: Little smell;

o 5 ppm: Easily detected, moderate odour;
o 10 ppm: Beginning of eye irritation (tolerance level);
o 100 ppm: Coughing, eye irritation, loss of sense of smell after 2 - 5 minutes;
o 200 - 300 ppm: Marked eye inflammation and respiratory tract irritation after one hour exposure;
o 500 - 700 ppm: Loss of consciousness and possibly death in 30 minutes to one hour;
o 700 - 1000 ppm: Rapid unconsciousness, stopping of pulse or respiration, and death;
o 1000 - 2000 ppm: Unconsciousness at once, with early cessation of respiration and death in a few
minutes. Death may occur even if individual is removed to fresh air at once.

15. Construction in Oil Fields

16. PTW System

An authorizing document approved by management, specifying the required precautions conditions and
duration under which potentially hazardous or interacting activities can take place.