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Program Studi Pengelolaan Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Sebelas
Program Studi Pengelolaan Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Sebelas
Cambium
Xylem (wood)
Ontogeny of young tree stem
c : cortex
d : epidermis
e : epidermis
pc : procambium
p : pith
pp : primary phloem
px : primary xylem
vc : vascular cambium
sp : secondary phloem
sx : secondary xylem
Representation of
developing stem
2. Growth in Plants
Specific regions of growth:
meristems
§ stem cells: perpetually
embryonic tissue
§ regenerate new cells
§ Apical shoot meristem
§ growth in length
§ primary growth
§ Apical root meristem
§ growth in length
§ primary growth
§ Lateral meristem
§ growth in girth
§ secondary growth
Primary
Primary
• Woody plants grow in height phloem Epidermis
Lateral
from tip meristems
– primary growth
– apical meristems
• Woody plants grow in diameter
from sides Primary
Secondary
xylem
phloem Primary
Secondary
– secondary growth phloem
xylem
– lateral meristems
• vascular cambium
– Makes phloem & xylem
• cork cambium
– makes bark Annual
growth Bark
layers
Meristems apical
A meristem at the tip of a plant shoot or root that causes
the shoot or root to increase in length.
D: cell division
E: cell elongation
M: cell maturation
Meristems: annual growth can also be seen in the branching
patterns of many tree species (esp. conifers)
Meristems lateral
D: cell division
E: cell elongation
M: cell maturation
2. Kambium
• Pada setiap musim tumbuh
kambium membentuk
lapisan xylem baru (ke arah
dalam) dan lapisan floem
baru (ke arah luar)
• Pembentukan lapisan
xylem dan floem ini terjadi
diseluruh batang pohon
Bark
Mature phloem
Differentiating phloem Maturing phloem
Radially enlarging phloem
Dividing phloem (phloem
mother cells)
Cambium Cambial initial (dividing)
Differentiating xylem Dividing xylem (xylem mother
cells)
Radially enlarging xylem
Maturing xylem
Mature xylem
Pith
Hormones--- nature, occurrence and effects
Hormone Chemical Sites of Transport Primary Effects
nature Biosynthesis
Auxins Indole-3- Apicalbud Cell to cell Apical
acetic acid unidirectional dominance
(down) promotion of
cambial activity
Cytokinin Phenylurea Roots tips Via xylem from Cell division,
compounds roots to shoots delay of leaf
senescence
Gibberelins Gibberellic Young tissues of Via xylem and Hyperelongation
acid shoot and developing phloem of shoots,
seeds induction of seed
germination
Ethylene Ethylene Most tissues in By diffusion Fruit ripening leaf
response to stress from its site of and flower
during senescence or synthesis senescence
ripening
Abscisic acid Synthesized Mature leaved in Via the phloem Stomatal closure,
from response to water induction of
mevalonic stress photosynthate
acid transport
4. Pertumbuhan vs Riap
Pertumbuhan dan riap memiliki pengertian yang
berbeda.
Kayu awal
Gambar penampang melintang batas kayu awal dan kayu akhir pada
kayu jati (Tectona grandis)
Kayu akhir Kayu awal
• Spesies
• Laju pertumbuhan
• Kualitas tempat tumbuh
• Letak lingkaran tumbuh dalam batang
Spesies
Laju Pertumbuhan