PRADEEP.

Need for reactive power compensation:

Reactive power is either generated or consumed by load or source with the help of capacitor
or a reactor during a quarter of a cycle and in the next quarter of the cycle. Therefore, the
reactive power oscillates between the AC source and the capacitor or reactor at particular
frequency equal to two times the rated value (50 Hz or 60 Hz). So, to avoid the circulation of
reactive power between the load and source it needs to be compensated and it is plays a major
role to maintain the power factor and voltage stability.
Real power flow and reactive power flow:
Figure 1 shows the simple model to represent the real and reactive power flow in the system.
In that the cable should be connected between two similar grids, each grid is rated as
110kV.Let us consider three following cases to know about real & reactive power flow,
Case 1: Same voltage profile at both the grid.
Case 2: Different voltage profile at the grid.
Case 3: Same voltage profile and different angle at grid.

Figure 1-Simulation of the P & Q

From the simulation results, it is observed that,

• Case 1 represents the same voltage profile in both grid and flows a small amount of reactive power
because of the transmission line impedance.
• Case 2 represents different voltage profile in grid and the reactive power flows from the high
voltage side to the lower voltage side (P<Q) and also the circulating current flows from the higher
voltage side to the lower voltage side.
• Case 3 represents the Same voltage profile in both grid but different voltage angle, some amount
of reactive power flows from the lower voltage angle side to the higher voltage angle side.