A Synopsis on

Vibration Analysis of Adhesively

Bonded Single Lap Joint

To The Savitribai Phule Pune University

In The Fulfillment for the Award of Degree of
Master of Engineering
In
Mechanical Engineering
(Design Engineering)

Department of Mechanical Engineering

Abstract

Adhesively bonding is an excessive pace fastening method that's convenient for joining
superior lightweight sheet substances which can be varied and tough to weld. This joints
is used recently because now a day we are going for lightweight application and it is very
important for us to build such joint which will not only decrease its weight as per
requirement but will also help in damping the vibrations. From this work we understand
the effect of using neoprene rubber for joining two dissimilar metals, by making use of an
industrial adhesive. After making this joint, experimental analysis is done with the help
of FFT analyzer and validated by ANSYS. By changing the thickness of rubber &
overlap length, different natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained. Experimental
analysis is done by preparing lap joint with aluminum plates and Locktite.407 as
adhesive, and for damping the vibration neoprene rubber used as viscoelastic material.
The effect of thickness of rubber and overlap length on natural frequencies is carrying
out. Adhesive bonds find a large application in the field of aerospace and automotive
industries. There are few aircrafts in market which makes use of adhesives for joining
60% of its body part. This joint ensures a firm structure with a better control over various
modes of frequencies while on the other hand welded joints if used in place of elastic
joint can add stiffness to the joint. The coordination of experimental and FEA techniques
makes it possible to find the efficient tool for studying the dynamic response of single lap
joint.
Keywords – Neoprene rubber, Lap joint, Locktite 407, FFT Analyser, Adhesive Bond.
Problem Definition
As a result of the trend towards lightweight construction in manufacturing, there has been
a significant increase in the use of adhesively bonded joints in engineering structures and
components. Due to the increasing demand for energy-efficient vehicles, there is an
increasing need to design lightweight structure such as aircraft and vehicle body frames.
Because of this factor and due to the increased use of lightweight materials, sheet
material joining techniques have been developed rapidly in recent year for joining
advanced lightweight material that are dissimilar, coated and hard to weld. The subject of
modal analysis primarily concerns determination of natural frequencies and mode shapes
of a dynamic system. Once the modes are determined, they can be used in understanding
the dynamic nature of the systems, and also in design and control. Therefore modal
analysis is extremely important in vibration engineering. Especially when the fatigue
damage is introduced by vibration loads that may weaken the joint strength and affect the
dynamic modal properties of the bonded structure there for fatigue damage is still an
important design consideration in most structural applications of adhesive joints. In the
design of mechanical systems, for minimum vibration response, a specific knowledge of
the damping capacity of the joints is important.To overcome those problems we can use
adhesively bonded single-lap joints and prediction of its dynamic response, in future
application of adhesively bonding by allowing different parameter to be selected to give
as large process window as possible for bonded beam vibration analysis.

Objective
i. To understand the effect of neoprene rubber for joining two similar metals, by
making use of an industrial adhesive.
ii. To find two frequencies i.e. Fundamental Frequency and second mode frequency,
mode shapes.
iii. To determine the effect of thickness of rubber and overlap length on natural
frequencies, mode shapes.
iv. To find the optimum rubber thickness and overlap length for adhesive joint.
v. To find the effect of Young’s modulus (E) and Density (ρ) ratio on natural
frequency of Lap Joints for different materials.
Scope
In scope of this study, the modal analysis of six different joints which are made from
same materials by using same adhesive but by changing the thickness of rubber and
overlap lengths. And find the dynamic nature of different lap joints. Free vibration
characteristics of adhesively bonded single-lap joints and to determine the natural
frequencies and mode shapes of adhesively bonded lap joints effect on rubber thickness
and overlap lengths of adhesive material.

Methodology
In this work neoprene rubber is used as viscoelastic material and Locktite.407 is as
adhesive. The two adherends used are aluminum plates of dimension 150mm long, 25mm
wide, 2.5mm thickness. By changing the overlap length and rubber thickness modal
analysis is carried on FFT analyser. The effect of thickness of rubber and overlap length
on natural frequency is also carried out. An impact with a force transducer is used as an
excitation source and an accelerometer is used as the output. The point of impact and
position of the accelerometer are chosen in such a way that the natural frequencies of the
system can be easily determined by locating peaks of transfer function.ANSYS is an
integrated package of mechanical engineering software tools. ANSYS mechanical family
of product differs a full depth of analysis from concept simulation to advanced analysis.
The software provides simulation tools used widely across industry by designers to
advanced analysis, providing a full complement of nonlinear and linear elements laws
ranging from metal to rubber and the most comprehensive set of solvers available. There
for we can simulate the lap joints on ANSYS and find the natural frequencies and mode
shapes of the lap joints.
Conclusion

The natural frequency of the system increase with the increases in overlap length and
rubber thickness of the joint. This trend is logical because of the tendency of joint system
to become stiff with increasing the overlap length. This particular fact can be used as
design tool to avoid a particular natural frequency.The maximum displacement decreases
with increase in rubber thickness for all modes. Also damping capacity of the joint
appears to be sensitive to changes in the rubber thickness up to 3mm. Furthermore
increasing thickness beyond a 3mm will not yield additional benefits.
References
1. Xiaocong He, “Numerical and experimental investigations of the dynamic
response of bonded beams with a single-lap joint”, Adhesion and Adhesives,37,
(2012) 79-85.
2. Yu Du, Lu Shi, “Effect of vibration fatigue on modal properties of single lap
adhesive joints”, Adhesion and adhesives,53,(2014) 72-79.
3. Xiaocong He, “Finite element analysis of torsional free vibration of adhesively
bonded single-lap joints”, Adhesion and Adhesives,48,(2014),59-66.
4. Xiaocong He,“A review of finite element analysis of adhesively bonded joints”
Adhesive and Adhesions ,31 (2011), 248-264.
5. Saito, H., and Tani, H., "Vibrations of Bonded Beams with a Single Lap Adhesive
Joint," Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1984, Vol. 92, No. 2, pp 299-309.
6. Y. B. Patil, R. B. Barjibhe, “Modal analysis of adhesively bonded joints of
different materials”, IJMER,Vol.3,Issue.2, (2013), pp-633-636.
7. Shailendra Sakharam Wani, “Vibration Analysis of Adhesively Bonded Single
Lap Joint”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology,May
2015,vol 02, Issue 02, p-ISSN: 2395-0072.
8. A Vaziri, H. nayeb-Hashemi& H.R. hamidzadeh, “Experimental & Analytical
investigation of the dynamic response of Adhesively bonded single lap joints”
Journal of Vibration & Acoustics,2004, Vol. 126, pp 84-91
9. Mehdi Asgharifar, Fanrong Kong, Blair Carlson, Radovan Kovacevic, “Dynamic
analysis of adhesively bonded joint under solid projectile impact”, International
Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives, 2014, Vol 50, pp 17-31.
10. A. Akhavan-Safar , M.R. Ayatollahi , L.F.M. da Silva , “Strength prediction of
adhesively bonded single lap joints with different bondline thicknesses: A critical
longitudinal strain approach”, InternationalJournal of Solids and Structures,
(2017).
11. Recep Gunesa, M. Kemal Apalaka,_, Mustafa Yildirim, “The free vibration
analysis and optimal design of an adhesively bondedfunctionally graded single lap
joint”, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 49 (2007) pp. 479–499.
12. F. Heidarpour, M. Farahani and P. Ghabezi, “Experimental Investigation of the
Effects of Adhesive Defects on the Single Lap Joint Strength”, International
Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, (2017).
13. M. Bhusnar, S.S. Sarawade “Modal Analysis of Rectangular Plate with lap joint
to find natural frequencies and Mode Shapes”, IOSR Journal of Mechanical
Engineering, pp 06-14.
14. M Kemal APalak, RecepEkici “Free Vibration analysis and optimal design of an
adhesively bonded double containment cantilever joint”. Journal of scientific and
industrial research, vol 67, oct-2008, pp. 797-806.