Homework- Moles 1C, 1D, 1E

Calculating the Relative Formula Mass

The relative mass of 1 oxygen atom is 16.

The relative mass of 1 hydrogen atom is 1.

The relative mass of 1 molecule of water (H2O) is 18 (1+1+16=18)

So the relative formula mass (Mr/ r.f.m) is 18.

Use your periodic table to work out the relative formula mass of;

1. CO2 (carbon dioxide)

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2. NaOH (sodium hydroxide)

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3. CH4 (methane)
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4. MgSO4 (Magnesium sulfate)

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5. (NH4)2SO4 (Ammonium sulfate)

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MOLES

1 mole of a substance will have a mass of grams equal to the relative atomic/formula
mass.

e.g. Carbon has an atomic mass of 12, so1 mole of carbon weighs 12g

Nitrogen gas (N2) has an atomic mass of 28 (14x2), so 1 mole of Nitrogen gas
weighs 28g.

Carbon dioxide has an relative formula mass of 44, so 1 mole of carbon

dioxide weighs 44g.

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 1 Mole of a substance has 6 x 1023 atoms/molecules/particles in it.

(Avogadro's Constant)

So 1 mole of carbon has 6 x 1023 atoms and weighs 12g.

1 mole of carbon dioxide has 6 x 1023 molecules and weighs 44g.

Questions

1. How much does 1 mole of sodium (Na) weigh? _____________________________

2. How much does 1 mole of Methane (CH4) weigh? ______________________

3. How much does 1 mole of water (H2O) weigh? __________________________

There are billions of atoms taking place in reactions. We use the mole to simplify the
numbers, the substance is weighed and then we say how many moles of that substance
there are. To find the number of moles we use this equation

MOLES = MASS (g) / relative mass (Mr)

Questions

example;

1. How many moles are there in 66g of carbon?

Moles = 66/12

Moles = 6

2. How many moles are there in 22g of carbon dioxide (CO 2)?
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3. How many moles are there in 2.4g of carbon (C)?

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4. How many moles in 80g of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?

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You can rearrange the equation if you have the amount in moles but not the mass;

mass = no. of moles x Mr (relative mass)

Example;

1. What is the mass of 0.5 moles of H2O?

mass = 0.5 x 18

mass = 9g

Questions

2. What is the mass of 0.25 moles of calcium (Ca)?

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3. What is the mass of 0.1 moles of sodium (Na)?

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4. What is the mass of 0.2 moles of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)?

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5. What is the mass of 0.3 moles of hydrochloric acid (HCl)?

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6. What is the mass of 0.75 moles of copper sulfate (CuSO 4)?

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1 mole of a gas occupies 24 000 cm3 (24 dm3) at room temperature and pressure
(R.T.P).

Volume of gas = moles of a gas x 24

Questions

Example

1. What is the molar volume of 4.5 moles of chlorine at R.T.P?

volume = 4.5 x 24

volume = 108 dm3

2. What is the molar volume of 0.8 moles of carbon dioxide at R.T.P?

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3. What is the molar volume of 0.25 Hydrogen gas at R.T.P?

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If we know the mass but not the moles of a gas we can first work out the number of
moles (moles = mass/Mr) and then substitute this value into the equation.

Example

1. What is the molar volume of 11.0g of carbon dioxide?

First work out the number of moles; moles = mass/Mr

moles = 11/44, so moles = 0.25.

volume = 0.25 x 24, so molar volume of CO2 is 6.0 dm3

2. What is the molar volume of 64.0g of oxygen?

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3. What is the molar volume of 12.0g methane (CH4)?
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If we know the number of moles but not the volume we can still use the formula if we
rearrange it.

Number of moles = Volume of gas (dm3) / 24

( No. of moles = volume of gas (cm3) /24 000

Questions

Example

1. What is the number of moles of methane in 225.6 dm3 ?

No. of moles = 225.6 / 24

No. of moles = 9.4

2. How many moles in 2.4 dm3 of Nitrogen gas?

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3. How many moles in 120 cm3 of oxygen gas?

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Answers

Formula mass (pg 1)

1) 48 2) 40 3) 16 4) 120 5) 100

Moles weight (pg 2)

1) 23g 2) 16g 3) 18g

Number of moles = mass/Mr Pg 2)

1) 0.46g 2) 0.2 moles 3) 2 moles

Mass = moles x Mr (pg 3)

2) 6g 3) 2.3g 4) 8g 5) 10.95g 6) 119.625g

Molar volume (pg 4)

2) 19.2 dm3 3) 6dm3

molar volume from mass (pg 4)

2) 96 dm3 3) 18 dm3

No. of moles from volume (pg 5)

1) 0.1 moles 2) 0.005 moles

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