A.

Summarize the difference between Batch and Continuous Process in the following item:
Item Batch Continuous
1. Production Batch process involves the operations Continuous process involves the flow of
carried out with discrete quantities of a single unit of product between every
material or a limited number of times step of the process without any break in
through sequence of steps followed in a time, substance or extend. In the
specific order. It is used for many types production, each equipment performs a
of manufacturing that may need smaller certain processing function as they
amounts of production at a time to operate in a steady state.
ensure specific quality standards or
changes in the process.
2. Process Control In batch processing, since entire batches Continuous process control provides an
are processed at once, it’s more difficult ability to easily automate and monitor
to have good quality control. Often, operational variables affecting a finished
defects are not caught until the entire product without interrupting the overall
batch has been completed. production. Since one product is
completed at a time, a check for defects
can be conducted and adjustments could
be made.
3. Product Output The product of a batch process is called Large quantities of products are
a batch. A whole unit of products are obtained as continuous processes allow
produced. the production of a narrow specification
product with higher and consistent
product quality.
4. Efficiency Batch process is good for small amounts Continuous process is good for large
of specialty chemicals as it can make a volumes as it leads to potentially greater
range of products using same equipment yields and allows easy maintenance of
and can schedule inspections in between the product quality. On the downside, it
batches. It is also good for product has high initial cost and relies on critical
development; however, it is not pieces of equipment which could
recommended for bulk chemical potentially stop the entirety of the
production due to batch-to-batch production.
variability.
5. Cost of Equipment Batch processes require low-cost Continuous processes require relatively
equipment. high-cost equipment.
6. Workforce Batch processes require a small Continuous processes are generally
workforce. available in fully automated plants. If
not, large workforce will be necessary.
7. Product Life Span The life span of the product is short, they The life span of the products produced
generally last in one up to two years. through continuous process are
relatively longer than those produced
through batch processes.
8. Workforce Batch processes require a small Continuous processes are generally
workforce. available in fully automated plants. If
not, large workforce will be necessary.

B. Give 5 examples each of Batch and Continuous Process/Production

Batch Processes/ Production

 Beverage Processing
 Biotech Products Manufacturing
 Dairy Processing
 Pharmaceutical Formulations
 Soap Manufacturing

Continuous Processes/ Production

 Sulfuric Acid Production

 Sodium Hydroxide Production
 Oil Refining
 Metal Smelting
 Natural Gas Processing