Name: Helika Estelle A.

Tan Date: October 02, 2021

Princess Jerham Mona Section: BSA1-SEC1
Population Data
SOCIO-ECONOMIC & ENVIRONMENTAL
RANK COUNTRY POPULATION CONDITION
China is now an upper-middle-income
country. China’s GDP growth has averaged
almost 10 percent a year, and more than 800
million people have been lifted out of poverty.
There have also been significant
improvements in access to health, education,
and other services over the same period.
1 China 1,444,216,107
As of 2021, China being world’s largest
source of greenhouse gas emissions in recent
years, it also suffers from notoriously bad air
pollution. Its carbon-intensive industries have
caused additional environmental challenges,
including water scarcity and soil
contamination.

India’s economy had already begun to slow

down before the onset of the COVID-19
pandemic. Between FY17 and FY20, growth
decelerated from 8.3 percent to 4.0 percent,
with weaknesses in the financial sector
compounded by a decline in the growth of
private consumption.

2 India 1,393,409,038 According to a survey by Ipsos, air pollution

was the leading environmental concern with
50 percent, followed by global
warming/climate change at 43 percent in
2020. But, according to Statista Research
Department, India's diverse geography and
climactic conditions have resulted in a variety
of ecosystems such as hot and cold deserts,
highlands, tropical and temperate forests,
grasslands, swamplands, mangroves and
plains to name a few in 2021.
 According to an article recently published by
Santander Trade Markets, The United States
is known to be the world's largest economy,
ahead of China. But after a decade of growth,
the country’s GDP growth rate turned
negative in 2020 (-3.5%; IMF est.) following
the COVID-19 crisis, exacerbated by rising
inequalities and obsolete infrastructure, which
are slowing down potential GDP
growth. Being the third-largest country
globally, the United States of America has
3 United 332,915,073 emerged as one of the significantly affected
States regions from environmental concerns and
issues. But US also has a lot of backups in
addressing their environmental problems.
Environmental policy in the United States
involves governmental actions at the federal,
state, and local level to protect the
environment and conserve natural resources.
Environmental protection is balanced with
other public policy concerns, such as
economic growth, affordable energy, and the
rights of businesses and individuals.

According to World Bank Organization,

Today, Indonesia is the world’s fourth most
populous nation, the world’s 10th largest
economy in terms of purchasing power parity,
and a member of the G-20. Furthermore,
Indonesia has made enormous gains in
poverty reduction, cutting the poverty rate by
more than half since 1999, to 9.78% in 2020.
Prior to the COVID-19 crisis, Indonesia was
able to maintain consistent economic growth,
recently qualifying the country to reach upper
4 Indonesia 276,361,783 middle-income status. 

Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and

archipelagic geography, support the world's
second highest level of biodiversity after
Brazil. But just like all the other countries,
Indonesia also has environmental issues
which includes large-scale deforestation
(much of it illegal) and related wildfires
causing heavy smog over parts of western
 Indonesia. 

Pakistan’s economy has been growing slowly

over the past two decades. Annual per capita
growth has averaged only 2 percent, less than
half of the South Asia average, partly due to
inconsistent macroeconomic policies and an
under-reliance on investment and exports to
drive economic growth.

Environmentalists say Pakistan is particularly

vulnerable to the effects of climate change,
and government efforts addressing forests
5 Pakistan 225,199,937 and greenhouse gas emissions do not go far
enough. Torrential rainfall in Pakistan claimed
more than 100 lives last week, while causing
widespread property and infrastructure
damage.  Climate scientists say Pakistan is
especially vulnerable to wild weather and
other effects of climate change including, sea
intrusion, unusual rain patterns, glacial
melting.
 The COVID-19 pandemic exposed Brazil to
an unprecedented health and economic
challenge. Economic recovery remained weak
and fiscal policy space limited since the peak
of the recession in 2015-2016, with GDP
growth below 2 percent in the following years.

Brazil is the world’s fifth largest country in

terms of both area and population. Brazil also
currently has a high urbanization rate, with
6 Brazil 213,993,437 around 80 percent of Brazilians living in urban
areas, that has caused significant social and
environmental issues to arise both in and
around these cities. Brazil is also home to the
Amazon River Basin, which is the largest rain
forest on Earth. Hot and humid both day and
night, the Amazon River Basin is home to
thousands of known plant and animal species,
as well as countless species that have yet to
be discovered.

Nigeria is highly vulnerable to the global

economic disruption caused by COVID-19,
particularly due to the pronounced decline in
oil prices and spikes in risk aversion in global
capital markets. Nationally, 40 percent of
Nigerians (83 million people) live below the
poverty line, while another 25 percent (53
million) are vulnerable. 

7 Nigeria 211,400,708 Nigeria is faced with environmental problems

such as air pollution, water pollution, lead
exposures, poor waste management,
deforestation, desertification, wind erosion,
and flooding, which has harmed the
population. Nigeria, as a consequence of its
tropical situation, generally has a warm
climate that is more humid in the south 
 According to World Bank Organization data,
Bangladesh has an impressive track record of
growth and development. The World Bank
has partnered with Bangladesh since 1972,
providing more than $35 billion in support. It
has been among the fastest growing
economies in the world over the past decade,
thanks to a demographic dividend, strong
ready-made garment (RMG) exports, and
8 Bangladesh 166,303,498 stable macroeconomic conditions. 

Straddling the Tropic of Cancer, Bangladesh

has a tropical monsoon climate characterized
by heavy seasonal rainfall, high temperatures,
and high humidity. Natural disasters such as
floods and cyclones accompanied by storm
surges periodically affect the country.

COVID-19 has reversed hard-won gains in

poverty reduction in the world, with the
pandemic expected to push over 100 million
people into extreme poverty by the end of
2021. Russian GDP fell by 3.0 percent in
2020 compared to contractions of 3.8 percent
in the world economy, 5.4 percent in
advanced economies and 4.8 percent in
commodity-exporting EMDEs. 

Russia's environmental problems include

9 Russia 145,912,025 water and air pollution, radioactive
contamination, pollution from its space
program, industrial pollution, leaks from oil
and gas pipelines, and declining biodiversity.
In contrast, Russia also has other natural
resources which includes boreal forests that
comprise over 20% of the world's forest
 cover; a vast Arctic tundra; seemingly endless
steppe lands (the 'taiga'); and Lake Baikal, the
world's largest inland lake.

Mexico is among the 15 largest economies in

the world and the second largest economy in
Latin America. The country has strong
macroeconomic institutions, and it is open to
trade.  
 
Over the last three decades Mexico has
underperformed in terms of growth, inclusion,
and poverty reduction compared to similar
10 Mexico 130,262,216 countries. 

The climate in Mexico is tropical with a rainy

and dry season and little temperature
fluctuation from season to season. Research
shows the top three environmental issues in
Mexico are air pollution, lack of clean water,
and deforestation.