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Mathematics For E&BE (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) Mathematics For E&BE (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)
Mathematics For E&BE (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) Mathematics For E&BE (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)
Mathematics For E&BE (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) Mathematics For E&BE (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen)
- An=a*a*a
- A0=1 if a≠0
- An-1=1/An
- Ar*As=Ar+s
- (Ar)s=Ar*s
- (a/b)m=am/bm
Compound interest or any calculation with growth factor:
Make sure that when you factor you put the biggest common factor outside.
3xy-5x2y3. Then 3xy and 5x2y3 are the terms. 3 and -5 are the numerical expressions.
1.4 Fractions*
a/b, then a is the numerator and b the denominator.
a*c÷b*c=a÷b
a÷c+b÷c=(a+b)÷c
a+(b÷c)=(a*c+b)÷c
(a÷b)*(c÷d)=(a*c)÷(b*d)
a-1/2= √a if a≥0
√ab= √a* √b
√(a/b)= √a/ √b
a1/n=n √a
a(p/q)=(a1/q)p=(q √a)p
Note:
1. √a+b≠ √a+ √b
2. A square doesn’t have a negative
1.6 Inequalities*
! If two sides of an inequality are multiplied by a negative number the direction of the inequality is
reversed.
To find the solution we use sign diagrams.
When using sign diagrams also note what X isn’t allowed to be. Cause you can’t divide by zero!
Chapter 2 Equations
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
1. Solve one of the equations for one of the variables in terms of the other and then substitute
2. Multiply so that you can add or substract one of the two variable out of the formula
Week 37
Chapter 4 Functions of one variable
4.1 Introduction
One variable is a function of another if the first variable depends upon the second.
Y= f(x). Then we call x the independent variable, or the argument of f. Whereas y is called the
dependent variable.
a= (y2-y1)/(x2-x1) x1≠x2
Y-Y1=a*(x-x1)
Use the substitute from the formula above.
Example Sketch in the xy plane the set of all pairs of number (x,y) that satisfy the inequality 2x+y≤4.
Using set notation: {(x,y) : 2x+y≤4}
4.7 Polynomials
F(x)=ax3+bx2+cx+d (a,b,c and d are constants; a≠0)
Note:
The difference between f(x)=ax and g(x)=xa
Note:
Sometimes the notation exp(u), or even exp u is used instead of eu.
Week 38
Chapter 4 Functions of one variable
4.10 Logarithmic Functions*
Is eu=a, then we call u the natural logarithm of a. And we write u=ln(a)
1. Ln(xy)=Ln(x)+Ln(y)
2. Ln(x/y)=Ln(x)-Ln(y)
3. Ln(xp)=pLn(x)
4. Ln(1)=0 Ln(e)=1
ln(x)
x=e Ln(ex)=x
1. If replaced by y=f(X)+c then the graph moves upwards is c>0 (if c<0 it shifts
downwards.
2. If replaced by y=f(x+c) the graph moves to the left if c>0 and to the right if c<0.
3. If replaced by y=cf(x) the graph is sketched vertically is c>0 (and reflected about
the x axis if c<0
4. If replaced by y=f(-X) the graph is reflected about the y axis
Y=f(g(x))
Here we call g(x) the kernel or the interior function, while f is called the exterior function.
Note:
(f ○ g)(x)= F(g(x)) and (g ○ f)(x) = g(f(x))
Are two very different functions!
Note:
1/x2+x+c and x2+x+c are note inverses, but reciprocals!
When two functions are the inverse of each other than they are symmetric about the line y=x.
Chapter 6 Differentiation
Notation:
F(x)=ax2+bx+c f’(x)=2ax+b