Malea Bacon

Math 1040-Signature assignment

Data Collection
Math 1040 Skittles Project
Number of Red Number of Number of Number of Number of
Skittles Yellow Skittles Purple Skittles Orange Skittles Green Skittles
20 15 10 10 9
31.25 % 23.44% 15.63% 15.63% 14.06%
0.3125 0.2344 0.1563 0.1563 0.1406
Total number of skittles 64

Frequency of Skittle Colors in a 2.7oz Bag

25

20

15

10

0
Red Yellow Purple Orange Green

A. What is the most common category and least common category? Red is the most common. Green is the
least common
B. What is the relative frequency for red Skittles? Note: this is the value for p^p^ that you will use in part E.
below. 20/64= 0.3125
C. Conjecture the number of individuals in the most common category if there were 5,000 individuals
included. 0.3125*5000= 1563 Red skittles Approximately 31.25% of 5000

D. Were the Skittles you used a random sample? Explain. No, this is a convenience sample.

E. Carry out a simulation for red Skittles. Assume a sample of size 100 and p=0.2p=0.2. Complete 50 trials
of the simulation using the Rossman/Chance applet (Links to an external site.). Take a snip or screenshot
of the resulting dot plot. Compute a two-sided p-value for the proportion of red Skittles in your bag.
Based on your p-value, what is the appropriate conclusion for a test of these hypotheses:

H0:p=0.2
HA:p≠0.2 Reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the
proportion of red skittles differs from 20%.
Malea Bacon
Math 1040-Signature assignment

Orange actually represents the red candies in my bag. I couldn’t change the color.
 Malea Bacon
Math 1040-Signature assignment
A. Suppose you are interested in the true proportion of red Skittles. Since the CBE course has students submitting work at
different times, you will use this Skittles dataset to complete the rest of the project: Class Skittles Data.xlsx Download
Class Skittles Data.xlsx. Check the conditions for computing a 95% confidence interval for p. State whether or not the
conditions are met and whether you believe the results you obtain in step B. will be valid.
1) Random Sample: Yes
2) Are the observations independent? 3226 ≤ 0.05 (All Bags of skittles) = 3226/0.05 =There the minimum
sample size is less than 5% of all 64,520 skittles in the world.
3) Is the sample size large enough? 3226 × 0.2086= 672.94 ≥ 10 and 3226 (1 - 0.2086) = 2553.06 ≥ 10

N=3226
P^=0.2086
Z*=1.96

B. Compute and interpret the confidence interval. Show your work (include the technology inputs you used).

I put the problem exactly like the above picture into my TI-30XS

There is 95% confidence that the interval between 0.1946 and 0.2226 captures the true proportion of red skittles in all
bags of skittles.

Refer to your bar plot from Part I. What was the proportion of red Skittles in your bag? Based on your confidence interval,
was your proportion a likely value for the true proportion of red Skittles? Explain.

Number of Red
Skittles
20
31.25 %
0.3125
No, My proportion was not captured by the confidence interval. It was higher (0.3125)

C. Check the conditions for carrying out a two-sided test of whether p=0.2. State whether or not the conditions are met and
whether you believe the results you obtain in part E. will be valid. Note: two of the conditions are the same as the ones
you checked in part A., but one condition will require a different calculation.
 Malea Bacon
Math 1040-Signature assignment
D. Show all the steps for the hypothesis test and state your conclusion in context. Show your work (include the technology
inputs you used).

State Hypothesis:
H0:p=0.2
HA:p≠0.2

Check Requirements:
1) Random- Yes
2) N ≤ 0.05 = 3226 ≤ 0.05 = 3226/0.05 =64,520 ≤ 5% of the total population
3) 3226 (0.2) ≥ 10 = 645.2 / 3226 (1 - 0.2) ≥ 10 = 2580.8
Compute Test Statistic:

Draw Conclusions: Fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence to reject the claim that the
proportion of red skittle is 20%.
Explain what the p-value means:
About 222 in 1000 samples will give a sample proportion as far away from the claimed value or further than the one
obtained if the null hypothesis is true.

E. Compare your hypothesis test results to the ones you obtained using simulation in Part I. Include the image of your
results from Part I again in this part. How similar were they? Using your results when you checked the conditions in step
D. above, explain the similarities or differences between your results in Part I and Part II. Is one more valid than the
other? Why?

My results for the tests were the opposite. I think the sample size was too small for the first test. I think the second test
is more accurate because the sample is larger for the second set.

Part 1:
H0:p=0.2
HA:p≠0.2 Reject the null hypothesis. There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the proportion of red skittles
differs from 20%.
Malea Bacon, Skittles II

Part 2:
H0:p=0.2
HA:p≠0.2 Fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is not sufficient evidence to reject the claim that the proportion of red
skittle is 20%.

From Skittles I

Orange actually represents the red candies in my bag. I couldn’t change the color.
Malea Bacon- Signature assignment part III

Average # of Skittles !

A)
The number of Skittles per bag in the class
 Skittles Project part IV

Red Orange Yellow Green Purple Bag Total

My Bag 20 15 10 10 9 64
Student 1 8 14 10 12 16 60
Student 2 12 12 10 8 11 53
Total 40 41 30 30 36 177

Using the contingency table you created, show your work to compute the following probabilities:

1. The probability that a randomly selected skittle is red or yellow. 70/177 = 0.395
2. The probability that a randomly selected skittle is red. 40/177 = 0.226
3. The probability that a randomly selected skittle is red and from your bag. 20/64 = 0.313
4. The probability that a randomly selected skittle is from your bag, given it is red. 20/40 = 0.50
5. The probability that three randomly selected skittles (without replacement) are all green from the 1st other
student in your table. (12/60)^3 = 0.008

Ho - P = 20
Ha - P ≠ 20

Ho – The amount of red skittles per bag is 20.

Ha – The amount of red skittles per bag is different than 20.

Use a 0.05 significance level.

P = 0.0171 < α so we Reject the Null.

There is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a difference in the number of red skittles in my bag and
student 1’s bag.