ST.

JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO

COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY
AND TOURISM
MANAGEMENT

Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached

SCP-THC100 | 1
 SCP-TOPICS: FINAL PERIOD TOPICS

Week 14 International Regional & National Tourism Organizations

Classification of Tourism Organization
5. International
Lesson Title 6. Regional
7. National

3. Investigate the positive and negative impacts of the

hospitality and tourism industry on the local, regional,
Learning Outcome(s)
national and international environments.

LEARNING INTENT!
Terms to Ponder
Tourism and Travel Organization the travel and
tourism industries technically cater for slightly different groups of
people, but they are extremely closely linked. In both cases, they
consist of organizations within the transportation, accommodation,
entertainment, and food and beverage sectors, along with several
related industries.
Local organization means an organization whose
activities are limited to this state or to a specific geographical area
within this state.
An international organization can be defined, following
the International Law Commission, as an 'organization established
by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and
possessing its own international legal personality'. They both make
international law and are governed by it.
Essential Content
International
UNWTO or UNITED NATIONS WORLD TOURISM
ORGANIZATION
 Has 156 member countries and headquarters is located in
Madrid, Spain
 The Secretariat is led by Secretary – General Taleb Rifai of
Jordan
 Intergovermental technical body which deals with all aspects of
tourism.
 Market research and statistics is its most significant
contribution.
 Provides an international forum where tourism officials can
discuss problems and exchange their ideas.
 Only organization whose activities covers all sectors of tourism
on a world – wide basis.
 Ministers of Tourism call for intra – governmental coordination
to address visas and air connectivity held 08 Nov 2012.
 UNNWTO calls for support to the Philippines held 12 Nov 2013

ICAO or INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION

 Adapts international standards and to recommend practices

for regulating air navigations.
 Encourage the improvement of the art of aircraft design and
operation for peaceful purposes.

IATA or INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION

 Aims to promote safe, regular and economical air transport,

faster air commerce and study problems connected with
the industry.
 Involves standardizing of tickets, prices, airline air way bills,
baggage checks and other documents.
 WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL

 The only global forum whose member are the top decision
makers in the travel and tourism industry.
 The 150 members are the CEO, President or Chairman of
airlines, airports, hotels, cruise lines, travel agencies, tour
operators and travel technology suppliers
 The only body representing the private sector in all parts of the
industry worldwide.
 WTTC campaigns on three strategic priorities which it has
identified as impeding the successful development of Travel &
Tourism now and in the future – Freedom to Travel; Policies for
Growth; and Tourism for Tomorrow.
 The WTTC retains a professional staff in its London office, under
the leadership of President & CEO, David Scowsill. This
organization is headed by a board of executive directors, who
have responsibility for guiding the work of the Council in the
fulfillment of its mission.
 The World Travel & Tourism Council is a not – for – profit
organization, registered as a UK company limited by
guarantee.

D. O. – Development Organizations

 The World Bank (US)

 OPEC Fund for International Development (Austria)
 Asian Development Bank (Philippines)
 Islamic development Bank (Saudi Arabia)
Regional
OECD or ORGANIZATION of ECONOMIC COOPERATION and
DEVELOPMENT

 Designed to achieve the highest sustainable economic

growth and employment and raise standards of living of
member countries.
 Country Assistance Program Evaluation 26194 June 2008
Philippines Country Assistance Program Evaluation:
Increasing Strategic Focus for Better Results

PATA or PACIFIC ASIA TRAVEL ASSOCIATION

 Develops, promotes and facilitates travel in the Pacific

Areas
 Early leader in recognizing the need for environmental
ethics
 Initiated the PATA Code for Environmental Tourism

CTA or CARRIBEAN TOURISM ASSOCIATION /

ORGANIZATION

 Encourages and Assists in the development of tourism

throughout the Caribbean Area
 APEC or ASIA – PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION

 Aims to establish coordination of national economies for

the benefit of countries in the Asia – Pacific region.
 Permanent Secretariat is located in Singapore., which
serves as the coordinating body and central repository
for all APEC documents

OAS or ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES

 Strengthen relations between American States by

providing advisory services and training programs in many
fields including tourism
 Philippines also is an observer to the Organization of
American States.

The Hospitality & Tourism Educators

Asia – Pacific CHRIE (Council on Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional

Education

 Asia Pacific CHRIE or better known as APacCHRIE is

a Federation of the I-CHRIE. Members of ApacCHRIE
constitute all countries at the Pacific Rim who must
also be a registered member of I-CHRIE. The
 Geographical boundary of ApacCHRIE can be
segmentised to 4 areas as following:
 Area I: East Asia (PRC, Taiwan, Korea & Japan),
Area II: Southeast Asia (ASEAN member countries &
Indo
– China), Area III: Oceania (Australia, New Zealand
& the Pacific Islands), Area IV: Indian Sub- continent
(India, Pakistan, Bangladesh & Sri Lanka)
 APaCHRIE chapter was formed in 2002to promote
academic and research exchange among hospitality,
foodservice and tourism educators and industry
practitioners in Asia Pacific.

National

DOT – Depart of Tourism

 Primary government agency charged with the

responsibility to formulate tourism policies, plans and
projects for the development of tourism as an engine of
socioeconomic and cultural growth
 Spread the benefits of tourism to a wider segments of the
population.
 Ensure the safe, convenient and enjoyable stay and travel
of the foreign and local tourists in the country.

Tourism Slogans

 Visit Philippines
 WOW Philippines
 PILIPINAS Kay Ganda
 It’s more fun in the Philippines (2012 – present)
CURRENT SECRETARY OF DOT: Ramon R. Jimenez Jr.
 TPB or TOURISM PROMOTIONS BOARD

 Formerly known as PCVC or Philippine Convention and

Visitor’s Corporation
 It is an attached agency of DOT which is primarily
responsible for implementing an integrated domestic and
international promotions and marketing program for the
Philippines as a tourism destination as well as for
tourism investments

IA or INTRAMUROS ADMINISTRATION

 Sponsors, conducts and supports festivals and cultural

activities in INTRAMUROS
 Give grants, contributions and donations for the
restoration, repair and maintenance of historic structures
of INTRAMUROS

NPDC or NATIONAL PARKS DEVELOPMENT COMMITTTEE

 Undertake development of new parks

 Upgrade and maintain park facilities
  Facilitate private sector participation in appropriate
aspects of parks development and maintenance

TIEZA or TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURED AND ENTERPRISE

ZONE AUTHORITY

 Formerly known as PTA or Philippine Tourism Authority.

 Develop, manage and supervise tourism infrastructure project
in the country; the primary objective of encouraging
investments in TEZ’s (Tourism Enterprise Zone).
Principal agency responsible for the timely collection of travel
taxes.

 (50%) of the products from travel tax collections shall accrue to

the TIEZA.
 (40%) goes to CHED provided that they shall give priority to
tourism – related educational programs and courses.
 (10%) share for the National Commission for Culture and the
Arts

OTHER PHIL TOURISM ORGANIZATION

 PTAA
 HRAP
 TESCU
 COHREP
 AARMEI
 TIBFI
 PHILTOA

PTAA or PHILIPPINE TRAVEL AGENCIES ASSOCIATION

 Aims to foster unity in the travel industry and to promote the

welfare of its members and the travelling public
 Uphold dignity and the ethics of the travel and tour businesses.
 To cultivate friendly relations between the Philippines and other
countries
COHREP or COUNCIL OF HOTEL AND RESTAURANT
EDUCATORS OF THE PHILIPPINES

 Pursuit of higher levels of excellence in hospitality

educations;
 Keeping abreast with advances in hospitality management
and technology;
 Partnering harmoniously with stakeholders;
 Commitment to the ideals of the teaching profession.

The International character of modern tourism and the

growing international agencies in various fields are shown in the
growth of international cooperation and organizations in tourism.
Some countries and regions have felt the need to band together to
strengthen their respective tourism programs.

Countries that are often visited by tourists have established a

national tourism office that regulates and promotes tourism activities
(DOT).
Search Indicator

https://www.slideshare.net/charliezabala7/tourism-organizations-
43376252

Principles of Tourism. Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D. PartI, Reveised Edition

https://www.revfine.com/travel-and-tourism/

https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/local- organization#:~:text=Local
%20organization%20means%20an%20organizati on%20whose%20activi%2D
%20ties%20are%20limited,geographical%20are a%20within%20this%20state.

https://www.peacepalacelibrary.nl/research-guides/international-
organisations-and-relations/international- organizations/#:~:text=An
%20international%20organization%20can%20be, its%20own
%20international%20legal%20personality'.&text=They%20both
%20make%20international%20law%20and%20are%20governed%20by%20
it.
LET’S INITIATE!
Activity 1. Let us try to check your understanding of the topics. Write your
answers to the space provided below every after the questions.

1. In what way is PATA unique among regional tourist’s organizations?

2. Explain the primary responsibility of a national tourism office.

3. Discuss the organizational set – up of the Department of Tourism in the

Philippines.
LET’S INQUIRE!
Activity 1. In this activity, you are required to expound your answer on
each of the question below.

2. Differentiate the World Tourism Organization (WTO) from the Pacific

Asia Travel Association (PATA). Explain briefly.

2. How do the regional tourist’s organizations promote tourism? Explain

briefly.
 I
LET’S NFER!
Activity: Analyze the objectives of the International Tourism
Organizations. What are your interpretation about these objectives.
 Week 15 Current and Future Hospitality Industry Trends
3. Global Tourism Business
4. Modern Traveler
Lesson Title
5. Hospitality Industry Trends with a Focus on the Hotel
Business
3. Investigate the positive and negative impacts of the
hospitality and tourism industry on the local, regional,
Learning Outcome(s)
national and international environments.

LEARNING INTENT!
Terms to Ponder

Hospitality Industry Trends in general terms, hotel

industry trends or hospitality trends generally look at new
consumer behaviour, new technology, and the new business
theories that are powered largely by the former two factors.
Sometimes though, the more things change the more they stay the
same.

Modern travelers is usually to live the travel experience

in the best way, share stories, meet friends, explore new places, and
bring back memories and knowledge. This access to travel is what's
shaping a new generation of travel products, especially in the age of
social media and millennials.

Essential Content

Global Tourism Business

 According to the World Travel & Tourism Council, the Travel and
Tourism industry is currently among the largest and fastest –
growing industries worldwide, forecasted to support 328 million
jobs, or 10% of the workforce, by 2022.
 Emerging markets – including the Middle East, Africa, Asia and
the Pacific – are the new tourist destinations that are increasingly
drawing crowds.
 For example, China is now the third most – visited country around
 the world, and the number of Chinese traveling to other countries
is increasingly developing.
 Modern Traveler

Millennials

 Millennials will become the core customers within the hospitality

and travel industries over the next five to ten years.
 Within this group of Gen Y travelers, there are many different
markets considering the fact that exploration, interaction and
experience are the major focus of Millennials.
 Gen Y travelers are looking for an overall gourmet experience for a
reasonable price, that will cause the industry to revamp their lobby
bars, restaurants and food service.

Experience Impact
 As people travel more and become more experienced tourists, they
are increasingly looking for diverse experiences on their trips.

Technology Impact
 Trends show that travelers now rely on technology for every step of
their vacation, from booking airfare online to sharing their travel
experience on social networking sites.
 Money & Quality Impact
 Travelers are progressively seeking value for their money.

Modern travel
 They strive to experience a better quality of life during leisure
travel.
 They will focus more on the emotional value to their trip
 Instead of opting for cost – effective getaways, they will look for a
better experience and begin to place high value on splurging.
 The trend of overnight leisure trips shall continue, there will be a
sharp increase in travel spending.
 Travelers are looking for healthy eating options.

 They will be more demanding in terms of quality ingredients and

will prefer healthy food with organic ingredients.

Hospitality Industry Trends with Focus on Hotel Business

1. Advanced Technology
 Intelligent hotels with advanced technology using the guest’s
virtual fingerprint in order to perform all the operations
(check – in, check – out, etc.).

2. Electronics and Ergonomic Support

 “Modern guests” travel with two, three or more devices, so
electronics (adequate and easy – to – reach plug, bandwidth
capabilities, free Wi-Fi) and ergonomic support (seating and
surfaces) for guests becomes essential for hotels.
3. Direct Bookings
 Today’s hotel website needs fresh content, updated
promotions, and rich media.
 All of this content needs to be marketed across all channels
(desktop web site, the mobile site, social media profiles).

4. Mobile Bookings
 Now mobile booking is available as an app for
Smartphones, android tablets, and iPod…
 Mobile booking is available for booking hotel rooms,
restaurant reservations flights, rental cars, etc.
5. WOW customer service – the only way to ensure repeat
business.

Room Service Reinvented

o With room service revenue drastically decreasing.
Therefore some hotels are giving up on this service, but
the majority of hotels are dedicated to reinventing the
concept.

6. Sustainability
o More hotels will become completely self – sufficient by
supplying their own energy, especially those in rural
areas.

7. More green and eco – lodgings

8. Development of mega hotels (multi – purpose facilities with

casino, shops, theatre, theme park, etc.).

9. More boutique hotels.

10. Increasing employee salaries in order to retain

the existing staff.

o By 2020 about half of all world workers will be

Millennials. Millennials increasingly want to work for
employers that serve a greater purpose, contribute to
society and provide space and time for staff to take the
initiative in trying to do their best.
 Expectations of modern tourist are changing the face of
tourism and hospitality.
 In order to meet the needs of consumer hotels modernizing
their offer, therefore the main new trends are:

 Developing advanced technology with adequate support

 Modern property sites with direct booking option

 Providing better customer service

 Investing in ancillary facilities.

SELF-SUPPORT: You can click the URL Search Indicator below to help you further understand the lessons.
f

Search Indicator
https://www.slideshare.net/sfskatarina12/hospitality-industry-trends
Principles of Tourism. Zenaida L. Cruz, Ph.D. Part I Revised Edition
https://www.siteminder.com/r/hotel-trends-hotel-hospitality-
industry/#:~:text=In%20general%20terms%2C%20hotel%20industry,mor e
%20they%20stay%20the%20same.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesagencycouncil/2018/12/11/three-
tips-on-designing-products-for-the-modern-traveler/?sh=422ea8ea19fb
 At SJPIICD, I Matter!
LET’S INITIATE!
Activity 1. Let us try to check your understanding of the topics. Write your
answers on the space provided below after every question.

1. Give and explain the new trends in the hospitality industry.

2. What is the future of hospitality? Explain briefly.

3. What is a global event in tourism business? Explain briefly.

_
 I
LET’S NQUIRE!
Activity 1. In this activity, you are required to expound your answer
on each of the question below.
1. How does tourism affect business?

5. Why is tourism important for business?

 I
LET’S NFER!
Activity 1. Research about the current issues, challenges, and future
trends in the hospitality industry. Give some recommendations about this
current issues.
 Week 16 Ecotourism (Introduction)
1. Definition of Ecotourism
2. Importance of Ecotourism
3. Protected Area
4. Biodiversity
Lesson Title
5. Sustainable Tourism
6. Recreational Zones
7. Natural Areas
8. Ecotourism – The Activity
3. Establish respect for cultural diversity in hospitality and
Learning Outcome(s)
tourism industry.

LEARNING INTENT!
Terms to Ponder

Ecotourism according to The International Ecotourism Society

(TIES), ecotourism can be defined as “responsible travel to natural
areas that conserve the environment, sustains the well-being of the
local people, and involves interpretation and education”.

Biodiversity the term “biodiversity” refers to the variety of living

organisms. Biodiversity brings together the different species and forms
of life (animal, plant, entomological and other) and their variability, that
is to say, their dynamics of evolution in their ecosystems.

Essential Content

Ecotourism. According to Hector Ceballos Lascurain:“Ecotourism

is a type of tourism that consist of traveling to relatively undisturbed
or uncontaminated natural areas with the specific objective of
studying, admiring and enjoying the scenery and its wild plants and
animals, as well as any existing cultural manifestations, both past and
present, found in this areas”

If tourism is not properly planned and implemented, it can:

 Destroy vegetation;
 Create congestion
 Pollute beaches;
 Cause housing problems;
 Litter tourist areas;
 Ignore the needs of local community

Importance of Ecotourism
 An important economic activity in natural areas
 Give economic value to ecosystem services
  Generate direct income for the conservation of protected areas
 Generate direct and indirect income for local stakeholders
 Promote sustainable use of natural resources
 Reduce threats to biodiversity

 A low Impact, environmentally – sound and community –

participatory tourism activity in a given natural environment that
enhance the conservation of bio – physical and cultural diversity,
promotes environmental understanding and education, and yields
socio – economic benefits to the concerned community.

Protected Area
 Identified portion of the land and water set side by reason of their
unique physical and biological significance, managed to enhance
biological diversity and protected against destructive human
exploitation

Biodiversity
 The variety and variability among living organisms and ecological
complexes in which said organisms occur.
 Sustainable Tourism
 Modern form of economic development that is designed to improve
the quality of life of the host community, provide a high quality of
experience for the visitors, and maintain the quality of the
environment which on which both the community and the visitors
depend.
 Recreational Zones
 Areas of high recreational, tourism, educational and / or
environmental values where ecotourism could be allowed

Natural Areas
 Areas that remain relatively undisturbed by human activities and
remain in their natural site thus maintaining biodiversity and
ecological processes.
 Ecotourism – The Activity
 Ecotourism is usually centered on activities related to nature.
Before ecotourism was introduced, these activities were called
special interest, nature tourism, and green tourism.
 Some ecotourism activities have been identified as possible for
the Philippines and are currently undergoing development. These
are: mountaineering / trekking, birdwatching, photo safari, scuba
diving, spelunking, and whale and dolphin watching.

Mountaineering / Trekking
 Among all ecotourism activities, mountaineering and trekking are
perhaps the most famous.
 In 1996, the Philippines attracted a total of 2,049,367 tourists.
 The Philippines has 34 national parks, 23 of which are located in
mountain areas.
 Climbers’ Responsibilities
1. If there is an established trail, walk in a single line.
2. Do not take anything from the forests as souvenir
3. Avoid disturbing wildlife
4. Never leave garbage along the trail or at the campsite.
5. For human waste, each climber can dig his own ”TOILET”.
6. Bring along camping equipment
7. Do not bathe or wash dishes along the river.
8. Learn the locals’ culture
9. Be sensitive to the values of local people.
10. Avoid the old practice of digging trenches.
11. Do not buy souvenir items made from rare animal or plant species.
12. Find out the maximum capacity of the trekking area.
13. Always register.
14. Avoid giving money or token candies to the children in areas visited.
15. Make sure that health measures are taken into account.
16. Always hire a guide.

Bird Watching
 The Philippines treasures about 557 species of birds and about 300 –
400 subspecies distributed throughout the archipelago.
 The species and subspecies together comprise about 950 kinds of birds.
 Of this total 800 are residents and 150 are migrants or irregular visitors.
 Possible Sites for Birdwatching
 Olango Island (Off Mactan island Cebu)
 Philippine Eagle Nature Research Center (Malagos, Davao City)
 Calauit Island (Northern Palawan)
 Mt. Makiling (Los Banos, Laguna)
 Scuba Diving
 Deemed the most successful ecotourism activity in the country
because of the hundreds of establishments directly and indirectly
involved in business of scuba diving.
 The main factor is simple – the Philippines has one of the most
diverse marine life in the world.
 Diving has been one of the reasons why coral reef areas survived
total damage from destructive fishing.
 Although hailed as a true ecotourism activity, scuba diving can
also damage the marine resources on which it is based. This has
resulted in complex environment ethics issues affecting the
diving community. Some of these are:
1. Spearfishing
2. Feeding
3. Touching
4. Agitating
5. Playing

Some of the Dive sites in the Philippines:

 Anilao (Batangas)
 Puerto Galera (Mindoro Oriental)
 El Nido (Northern Palawan)
 Moalboal (Cebu)
 Balicasag Island (Bohol)
 Whale Watching
 Until 1993, very few people realize that whale and dolphin
watching is possible in the Philippines.
 For a long time, and with the most destructive consequences,
whales and dolphins have been killed in waters around the world,
both internationally and “accidentally” by catch.

Caving
 Caving is one sport where one will have to be really careful not to
make any damage to the delicate limestone formations.
 One of the most dangerous sports to have if one does not take into
consideration all the safety procedures before and during the
exploration of caves.
 Safety Measures which can be used for Tourist and Sport Caving:
 Light is the most important tool.
 Never enter a cave alone.
 Never enter a cave without proper equipment, especially in sport
caving.
 Always tell somebody where the team will go and what time it is
expected to be back.
 Look for tell – tale signs of flash – flooding, like mud on the wall
 Unless the team is composed of professional cave explorers, never enter
a cave without a competent guide.
 Never touch an animal inside a cave.
 Never touch delicate limestone formation.
 Do not leave anything on the cave even biodegradable wastes.
 Never write or vandalize the cave formations on the wall.
 Never take anything, however small, as souvenir
SELF-SUPPORT: You can click the URL Search Indicator below to help you further understand the less

Search Indicator
Principles of Tourism.Victor R. Vibal
https://www.slideshare.net/MikeOdias/ecotourism-introduction
https://youmatter.world/en/definition/ecotourism/
https://youmatter.world/en/definition/definitions-biodiversity-
what-is-it-definition-protection-loss-and-csr-
commitments/#:~:text=Scientific%20Biodiversity%20Definition,of%
20evolution%20in%20their%20ecosystems.
 At SJPIICD, I Matter!

I
LET’S NITIATE!
Activity 1. Let us try to check your understanding of the topics. Write your
answers on the space provided below after every questions.

1. Explain what makes ecotourism sustainable?

2. Is ecotourism good or bad? Justify your answer

3. Give and explain the main disadvantages of ecotourism.

 I
LET’S NQUIRE!
Activity 1. In this activity, you are required to expound your answer on
each of the question below.

1. Why is the code of ethics and guidelines on ecotourism important?

2. How does ecotourism benefit the local community?

 I
LET’S NFER!
Activity 1. How can you promote ecotourism? Give recommendations to
promote ecotourism.
 Week 17 The International Travel Experience
9. Passports
10. Traveler’s Health and Safety
11. Customs Regulations
Lesson Title 12. International Check – In Procedures
13. Security
14. Immigration Regulations
15. Jet lag
3. Investigate the positive and negative impacts of the
Learning Outcome(s) hospitality and tourism industry on the local, regional,
national and international environments.

LEARNING INTENT!
Terms to Ponder

Travel Internationally it means going —usually on vacation

— to a foreign country. It also implies going on vacation to a
destination overseas, rather than to a neighboring country. It means
going —usually on vacation — to a foreign country. It also implies
going on vacation to a destination overseas, rather than to a
neighboring country

Travelling is to experience things which you wouldn't

otherwise. It is to experience the culture of people, understand their
traditions, listen to their stories, try out their cuisines and experience
things which will stay with you forever as a memory.

Essential Content
Passports. Passport is a travel document, usually issued by a
country's government to its citizens, that certifies the identity and
nationality of its holder primarily for the purpose of international
travel.

Types of Passports
There are three types of passports namely:

1. Diplomatic – issued to diplomats going overseas on official business.

2. Official – for government employees traveling on government
business.
3. Regular – for people traveling for personal or business reasons.
How to Obtain a Passport
The first time applicant must appear in person before a passport
agent- who has been selected to accept passport applications. The
following must company the completed application form:

1. Proof of citizenship such as a birth certificate with raised seal, a

certificate of naturalization, a previous passport or any official
certificate stating the place of birth if a birth certificate is not
available. If no birth certificate exists, applicant must submit
statements issued by appropriate authorities that no records
exist and present secondary documents to establish a claim of
citizenships such as baptismal certificate, a hospital certificate,
early school or census records or other documents created after
birth and one or more affidavits from persons with personal
knowledge of the birth.
2. Two recent, identical 2-by-2 inch color or black and white
photographs showing a full frontal view of the applicant’s face.
The applicant should dress in decent attire. Collarless T-shirts are
not allowed.
3. Passport fees and validity of passports vary from one country to
another.

Visas. A visa is an endorsement or stamp placed in a passport by

official of an intended country of visit. The visa specifies the conditions
under which a traveler may enter that country. The visa requirements
vary from country to country.

Traveler’s Health and Safety. Travelers need some type of

medical assistance while away from home. Planning is necessary to
prevent illness and promote a speedy recovery. If travelers need
special drugs or medications, they should pack adequate quantities of
their prescription medicine and make sure they have the necessary
documents to present to domestic and foreign customs officials to
prove that the medication is legal. Several countries have regulations
about AIDS. The embassy or consulate of a country is the best source of
health information.
 Vaccination Certificates. There are two types of vaccinations –
the required and the recommended vaccinations. Required
immunizations are those legally required by the destination to protect
its citizens from the importation of the disease. Recommended
immunizations protect travelers from diseases found at the
destination. Yellow fever is the most prevalent disease that requires
vaccination certificate. If travelers cannot prove that they have been
properly inoculated, they may be turned away, held in quarantine for
ten days or given the shot upon arrival at the airport. The vaccination
certificate issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) is the
format accepted by members of the United Nations and is distributed
by carriers and public health services.

Travel Advisories. Travel advisories warn people going abroad

about dangerous conditions in specific countries. There are three types
of advisories: warnings, public announcements and consular
information sheets. Warnings recommend that travelers avoid travel to
a particular country. Public announcements may cover a specific
country, a region or the entire world. Consular information sheets alert
travelers about health risks, crime, entry laws, security problems,
unusual currency regulations, poor road conditions and driving laws.
The sheets also include information about the location of the embassy
or consulate in a particular country.
 Customs Regulations. Customs regulations are restrictions
imposed by a certain country in the value and kind of items that can be
brought into and taken out of its territory. Travelers must declare all
articles acquired abroad and in their possession at the time of their
return. Customs declaration forms are distributed on ships and planes
are filled up in advance for presentation to the immigration and
customs inspector upon arrival. The declaration is usually acceptable
unless the person has exceeded duty – free importation.

Foreign Exchange. Foreign exchange refers to the fluctuating

rate in which the money of one country can be exchanged for the
money of another. The money used in a particular country is called its
local currency. When the currency of one country is worth more than
the currency of another, citizens with the more valuable currency can
afford to travel in style and buy more luxuries.

Currency Exchange. The currency exchange rate is what the

currency of travelers is worth in the local currency. Exchange rates are
found in CRSs, on the Internet and in metropolitan newspapers. A buy
rate is the amount of foreign currency customers get in exchange for
their dollars when they buy foreign currency. A sell rate is the amount
of customers get when they exchange leftover foreign back to dollars. A
traveler can re – exchange leftover paper money but not leftover coins.

Where to Get Foreign Currency. Big city banks do it as a service

to their customers but they usually handle only the most popular
currencies in limited quantities. Abroad, banks are the best places to
change money. Foreign currency can be bought at international
airports that have currency exchanges. Exchange firms and banks
charge a fee for exchanging money.

Ways to Carry Money. Money can be carried as cash, traveler’s

checks, personal checks and credit cards. Although it is dangerous,
carrying cash is a travel necessity. Foreign currency is cash. Hard
currencies such as U.S. dollars, Euro dollars and Japanese yen are very
much desired in countries where the local currency is weak.
Banks sell traveler’s checks for a fee or provide them free to their
depositors. Traveler’s check are available in the major international
currencies such as U.S. dollar, Australian dollar, Canadian dollar,
English pound, the Euro, Japanese yen, etc. Traveler’s checks are
accepted for accommodations and merchandise as well as in exchange
for currency.
Major credit cards such as American Express, Master Card and
Visa are accepted throughout the world. Gasoline company credit cards
are not. Small stores and restaurants may not accept credit cards.
Other are choosy about the cards they accept. The traveler using a
credit card is billed in home – country currency. Credit card exchange
rates are generally based on interbank rates.
 International Taxes. Taxes of varying amounts add to the cost of
travel. Throughout the world, every travel expense costs 2 to 33
percent more than is listed on the room rate, menu or airline ticket. In
some places, the city and country each tax a hotel room. In other areas,
additional fees are imposed to promote tourism. Taxes are the hidden
cost of travel.
Value – added taxes (VATS) are excise taxes that act as sales taxes
on the consumer. Some European countries offer a refund of VATS to
encourage tourists. The refunds are on good only, not on services.
The rules for refunds differ from country to country.
Several countries have departures taxes. The taxes are flat fees
per person collected on the airline ticket in advance or at the airport
before the traveler departs.

Check – in Procedures. International flights require passengers

to check in two hours ahead of the plane’s scheduled departure time.
Airlines with strict security procedures require more processing time.
Experienced travelers usually arrive ahead of time to complete
formalities.

Documentation. A documentation check for international

departures is handled by an airline service representative at check – in
to see if a passenger has an up–to– date passport and the proper visas.
The airline does not accept responsibility for the validity of this check.
If documentation is incomplete and the counter agent allows the
passenger to board the plane, the passenger could be refused entry at
the destination. The airline must fly the person back to the city of
origin at the airline’s expense.
 Baggage. For international travel, the baggage allowance is one
piece of luggage not to exceed 20 kilos for check –in and one hand –
carry not to exceed 7 kilos that would fit in the overhead compartment
or under the plane seat. All airports have strict security measures since
the September 11 tragedy. It is therefore advised that no sharp objects
such as scissors, metal nail files, even nail – cutters be placed in hand-
carried luggage. They should be checked-in together with
hair/perfume sprays. Passengers should tag bags both inside and out
and watch the airline employee put on the destination code to avoid
lost or mislaid luggage. International passengers are advised to travel
light.

Security. International airports have electronic security devices.

After the passengers have checked in themselves and their bags at the
counter, they proceed through passport control to the departure area
near the plane. They may be asked to identify their suitcases again
before the bags are loaded on the plane. Security officials want to make
sure passengers and the bags they checked in fly on the same plane.
Before actual boarding, passengers might be subject to more questions
and body search.

Immigration Regulations. Immigration law refers to the

national statutes, regulations, and legal precedents governing
immigration into and deportation from a country. Strictly speaking, it
is distinct from other matters such as naturalization and citizenship,
although they are often conflated.

Passport Control. When departing, travelers go through the host

country’s passport control. When they arrive home, they go through
their own country’s passport control and customs. Citizens and aliens
go through different lines and face different procedures.
 Customs. International travelers are requested to open their bags
by the customs agents to prevent contraband from entering their
country. Most travelers dislikes the procedure but they have to accept
it for security reasons.

Transit Lounges. Passengers making connecting flights or

refueling stops wait in transit lounges between flights at international
airports. If passengers wish to leave the transit area, they must go
through the country’s immigration formalities.

Reconfirmation. Calling the airline 48 hours before departure to

reconfirm a reservation is mandatory with most airlines abroad.
Failure to reconfirm can result in the cancellation of the passenger’s
reservation not only on the departure flight but also on all subsequent
flights on that particular journey.

Amenities. Airlines use their largest planes and most

experienced crews on international routes. Headphones and alcoholic
beverages are free on international flights. Blankets and pillows are
supplied. Some airlines provide eyeshades.

In- flight Shopping. Flight attendants operates small in-flight,

duty-free shops on international flights. It provides a traveler his last
chance to buy a gift for someone at home.
 Documentations. Flight attendants distribute landing cards and
customs immigration forms. There are different forms for citizens and
international visitors.

Jet Lag. Refers to the sleeping, waking and concentrating

problems travelers experience when they fly long distances. Human
beings have daily, weekly, monthly and seasonal biological rhythms
which are part of their biological clocks. People become aware of this
when they fly to a different time zone. The biological clock will reset itself
but it may take several days. The rule is to allow 24 hours for each time
zone crossed.

.
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 At SJPIICD, I Matter!

LET’S INITIATE!
Activity 1. Let us try to check your understanding of the topics. Write your
answers on the space provided below after every question.

1. Discuss the documentation requirements for international travel.

2. Explain the health requirements for international travellers.

3. Describe the international check-in procedures, security and

immigrations regulations.
 I
LET’S NQUIRE!
Activity 1. In this activity, you are required to expound your
answer on each of the question below.

6. How is money carried when travelling abroad?

7. Why is reconfirmation necessary in international travel?

 I
LET’S NFER!
Activity 1. Define travel advisory and its importance. Give some
recommendations on what to do before a person travels abroad.