Name : M.

Rifqy Fakhroni
Nim : E1D020134
Class : 3E

1. Language is the principal method of human communication, consisting of words used

in a structured and conventional way and conveyed by speech, writing, or gesture.
then linguistic is Linguistics is the scientific study of language. It encompasses the
analysis of every aspect of language, as well as the methods for studying and
modelling them. The traditional areas of linguistic analysis include phonetics,
phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics
2.
 Phoneme vs allphones
- Phoneme is any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified
language that distinguish one word from another, for example p, b, d, and t in
the English words pad, pat, bad, and bat.
- Alophones are the linguistically non-significant variants of each phoneme. In
other words a phoneme may be realised by more than one speech sound and
the selection of each variant is usually conditioned by the phonetic
environment of the phoneme. For example, the aspirated t of top, the
unaspirated t of stop, and the tt (pronounced as a flap) of batter are allophones
of the English phoneme /t/.
- The difference between a phoneme and an allophone is that a phoneme is an
individual unit of sound in a word, whereas an allophone is one articulation of
a phoneme.
 Morpheme vs allmorph
- Morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit that has meaning. Morphemes
cannot be divided into smaller forms of language, which can or cannot stand
alone
- Allomorph is a linguistic term for variations in the form of a morpheme due to
the influence of the environment it enters. This variation occurs in sound
changes without changing meaning. In Indonesian, an example of an
allomorph is the morpheme along with me-. Allomorph is a form of
morpheme whose status is known.
- morpheme may have a different set of allomorphs. For example, "-en" is a
second allomorph that marks plural in nouns (irregular, in only three known
nouns: ox/ox+en, child/childr+en, brother/brether+en). The morph "-en" is
linked to the allomorph "-en", which occurs in complementary distribution
with "-s".
 Lexseme vs word form
- A lexeme is the smallest word unit in a language and is usually entered as an
entry or lemma in a dictionary. According to the Vocabularry, the meaning of
the word lexeme is: 1. The basic, abstract lexical unit that underlies various
word forms; 2. The smallest unit in the lexicon
And the example is include walk, fire station, and change of heart
 - word formation is the creation of new words. Word formation is sometimes
contrasted with semantic change, which is a change in the meaning of a single
word
Example :
Monorail,monolingual : mono - means one (prefix)
Terrorism,sexism : -ism and -dom are used to form nouns (suffix)
3. Analyze word form
a. govermental = gov•ern•men•tal /ˌgʌvɚnˈmɛntəl, ˌgʌvɚ-/ adj.
b. over-generalization = o•ver•gen•er•al•i•za•tion (ō′vər jen′ər ə lə zā′shən),
c. standardization = stand•ard•i•za•tion /ˌstændɚdəˈzeɪʃən/ n.
d. cultivate = cul•ti•vate /ˈkʌltəˌveɪt/ v

4. Inflection and darivation

- Derivational morpheme (derivative morpheme / derivative) is a morpheme that changes
the class of words or the meaning of words. This morpheme is in the form of affixes
(affixes), both prefixes (prefixes) and suffixes (suffixes)
example : happiness
happy (adj)
ness (suffix)
- Inflectional morpheme (inflectional morpheme / inflection) is a morpheme that does not
cause a change in word class and word meaning. This morpheme only affects the number
(plurality) and form of time (tenses).
example : dog(noun) +s(plural) = dogs

5.