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Fire and Smoke Detection Using Image Recognition System
Fire and Smoke Detection Using Image Recognition System
A Capstone Project
Presented to the Faculty
of College of Teacher Education and Technology (CTET)
In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Information Technology
Prepared by:
LOREFE D. BUAL
Adviser
January 2020
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Project Context
Fire is one of mankind’s greatest discoveries but can also be a great source of
danger in accidents. The risk has fortunately been addressed by governments which
have continuously adjusted fire safety strategies. The objective of measures for fire
(Akhimien, 2018).
List of fire safety work practices addressing many fire hazards found in the roofing
In the Philippines, The Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) estimates that fire
incidents nationwide totalled more than 17,000 in 2015, resulting in over P3 billion in
damages. Data from the BFP also show that fire incidents have increased by 51%
from 2011 to 2015. Fortunately, economics may also provide the country with a clear
path to better fire standards as the same economic growth behind the booming real
structures. Harish Vellat, vice president, security and fire, at Honeywell, a global
manufacturer of security and automation solutions said that the solutions come in the
form of advanced fire and safety protection such as smoke detectors, motion
sensors, closed circuit security cameras or CCTVs, amd gas sensors, among others
(Schnabel, 2019).
recognize fire or smoke in visual scenes. Most of the traditional fire and smoke
detection methods use sensor-based tools, which are supposed to detect the
presence of the smoke or flame. The main disadvantage of such sensors is that they
can generally only recognize fire or flame near the places where they are installed,
and this limits their effectiveness in large covered areas. Moreover, flame or smoke
detection sensors cannot provide enough information about the direction, initial
The most basic alarm system does not include detection. It has manual pull
stations and sounds only a local alarm. This level of system is not what is typically
used; it relies on an occupant to discover the fire, which can cause a significant
delay. The more quickly you want to be notified of the fire, the more costly the
system you must install. Speed of detection is expensive. The slowest system to
detect a fire is a heat detector, which is also the least expensive. An air-aspirating
smoke detection system provides the most rapid indication of fire, but these systems
In the stated problem above, the team proposes a system that is capable of
detecting fire and smoke through the use of CCTV. This system can help the owner
The purpose of this study is to develop a low-cost system that would detect
the fire and smoke when occurred. Fire and Smoke Detection using Image
Recognition System uses CCTV which provides a reliable result about the immediate
system is designed for a working place and even in the home for fire prevention and
for the safety of the people who live and work there. This system is for all because it
is a budget-friendly system, unlike others that have an expensive system that only
The system features have a notification and it’s a real-time system. In the
notification feature, it will send SMS immediately to alert the desired persons if there
is a fire detected. The desired persons or recipients of the notification are the
owners, closest neighbors, local authorities, fire departments, and rescuers. The
This study aims to develop a system that can immediately alert or notify
Owner
Closest neighbours
Local authorities
Fire Departments
Rescuers
Fire Detection using Image Recognition System is intended to detect fire and
smoke through CCTV. It serves as a tool for fast determined the occurred fire and
smoke.
The system will immediately send an alert if it recognizes fire and smoke in
the area range. Since it is SMS, all of the desired recipients must be able to receive
simultaneously and instantaneously. The desired recipients are the owner, closest
neighbors, local authorities, fire departments, and rescuers. The information about
the notification provides the exact location of the fire. The system has a specific area
The limitation of the system is that if the area is not covered by the camera
range and if there is an object that would block the camera. The brightness of the
CHAPTER II
This chapter presents relevant literature and related systems which have
bearing to the present system.
Related Literature
Security is very important thing in today’s life. In order to maintain peace and
provide security to people now a day’s CCTV surveillance system (close circuit
television) is used. Supermarkets, hotels, schools, factories are having their own
CCTV for 24/7 monitoring. It gives real time monitoring, provides surveillance
footage, and allows the authorities to have evidence against illegal activities. It can
Early fire detection has a crucial role in fire spreading and extinguishing.
great fire incidents, which have caused heavy material losses with even greater
Existing solutions are based on ultraviolet and infrared sensors, and usually
explore the chemical properties of fire and smoke in particle samplings. However,
the main constraint of these solutions is that sensors must be set near to the fire
source, which brings complexity and cost of installation and maintenance, especially
in large open areas. Alternative to sensors, cameras can provide visual information
Research on video analysis for fire detection has become a hot topic in
models and features vector to classify whether a frame is fire or not. These features
are difficult to define and depend largely on the kind of fire observed. The outcome
leads to low detection rate and high false-alarm rate. A different approach for this
problem is to use a learning algorithm to extract the useful features instead of using
an expert to build them. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used for identifying
fire in videos. Convolutional neural network are shown to perform very well in the
area of object classification. This network has the ability to perform feature extraction
and classification within the same architecture. Tested on real video sequences, the
conventional video fire detection methods and indicates that using CNN to detect fire
The above literatures can help in developing the system. The system is a
desktop application that detect fire and smoke through the use of CCTV and can be
used in home and even in the workplace for immediate response if there is fire
occurred.
Related Systems
The following are the systems that are related to the present study.
the University of Dhaka (2012), the project work suggests a method to use
camera range. In this project, two methods are proposed for fire detection in
video images using color and motion properties of fire. The first approach uses
only color segmentation. The second approach finds the boundary of the moving
region in the color segmented image and calculate the amount of fire pixels in
this area. This fire detection system is developed based on these methods to
detect fire efficiently to save life and property from fire hazard.
Figure 2.1 shows that there is fire in the monitored area and system can detect it.
the concept of Image Processing and Internet of Things (IoT) in order to get the
as the device in active condition, the camera will continue to monitor the
conditions in the room. If there is a fire detected by the camera, then the fire
image will be processed using Image Processing then the result is a data string
sent to the server and forwarded to the user's smartphone (using the concept of
IoT) as a warning (alert) there is fire in the room (Pranamurti et al., 2019).
Figure 2.2 Fire Detection Use CCTV with Image Processing Based Raspberry Pi
Figure 2.2 shows that the distance does not determine the level of
accuracy but the intensity of light is very influential towards the accuracy of
measurements.
detection system while taking advantage of the CCTV system already installed
inside the building. The web interface of the Fire Detection System allows the
Building Administrator to manage Building Occupants, edit Fire Department
information,set alert levels and receive sound and message alerts from the
Figure 2.3 shows the landing page when the Building Administrator enters the
The study at the University of the Philippines presents a method for smoke
detection in video using multiple features. In this method, it is assumed that the
camera that captures the video is stationary. The presence of smoke in an image
increases the luminance of an image region while dark smoke decreases the
luminance value. Contrast starts to decrease as smoke gets in the way. The
edges of objects within the image loose their sharpness and the color
detects the presence of smoke in each region (Templadoet and Mariano, 2008).
Figure 2.3 A Multi-Feature Approach to Smoke Detection
Figure 2.3 shows how the smoke was recognized and detected unlike other
Table 2.1 shows the comparison of features of the related systems. It shows
the similarities and differences to the system. All of the system is a desktop
application. The unique feature of the system is that it can detect both fire and
smoke.
Desktop
Applicatio
n
Real-time
Fire
Detection
Real-time
Smoke
Detection
Uses
CCTV
Sends
SMS
Technical background
The project’s desktop application utilizes CCTV to record the video only. In
developing the system, the developer uses OpenCV and Image Recognition for the
detection of fire and smoke because it mainly aimed to identify and detect an object
or a feature in a digital image or video. The algorithm used in this system is deep
design of the application the developer will be using a multimedia application which
is the Adobe Photoshop cs6. In sending the sms text message, developer will be
which can take in an input image, assign importance (learnable weights and biases)
to various aspects/objects in the image and be able to differentiate one from the
Neurons in the Human Brain and was inspired by the organization of the Visual
Software Requirements
The software listed below are necessary requirements needed for the
development of the Fire and Smoke Detection using Image Recognition System.
SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
company JetBrains.
Adobe Photoshop The designing tool applied for user
Table 2.2 shows the different software that will assist in developing the
system. This software’s are essential in creating different functions and features of
Hardware Requirements
application.
Table 2.3 Hardware Tools in the Development
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
place.
SMS.
capture fire.
Table 2.3 shows the hardware specification that used in developing of the
User Classifications
The users of this desktop application are anyone who wants safety measures.
USER DESCRIPTION
Administrator The one who can add, edit and delete
the notification system and receives SMS
alert.
Authorities These are the persons who will receive
SMS alert.
Table 2.3 explains the administrator’s role and authorities that will benefit from
System Architecture
This system architecture will show the interaction between the users and the
system.
Figure 2.1 Shows that the CCTV will capture the video and the system will
analyse the video. The user or the administrator will add, edit or delete the
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methods involved in developing the system. The
developers will be using these methods to ensure correctness of data and processes
the most popular Agile methodologies that is known to be fast, flexible and effective
in delivering potential product quickly. The said approach allows the developer to
inspect the working software repeatedly so the project’s real capacity will be visible
Figure 3.1 shows the steps of the SCRUM method. This method is applicable
when the developer need to review their work to ensure correctness of data and
Part of the Scrum development team is the product owner. The product owner
is responsible for the product vision. In this case, the administrator will serve as the
product owner. As for this capstone, two developers are designated to take every
important role such as Scrum master and the team, the one will play as the Scrum
master while the other will take the responsibility of the team.
Product Backlog
effectiveness of the desktop application, the developers have set and made their
plans by estimating and prioritizing the backlogs to its highest possible value. . The
Table 3.1 Functional Requirements of Fire and Smoke Detection using Image
Recognition System
___________________________________________________________________
T1 Record video
T2 Input information
responsible authorities O
T3 Notification
Table 3.1 shows the task that will be executed. It is rated by (M, D, O) basis if
To describe a set of actions, happen in the system. The use cases diagram
of the system.
Figure 3.2 Use Case Diagram of Fire and Smoke Detection using Image
Recognition System
Figure 3.2 shows that the system will analyse the video, after that if the
system detects fire or smoke the system will send a notification to the authorities.
Use Case Description for Fire and Smoke Detection using Image Recognition
system
The tables below describe each case that the application had. It consists of
Component Description
Component Description
Component Description
Scenario The user will input the numbers of every
designated authority.
Triggered Event The data will be saved in the database and the
system will use the information to notify the
authorities.
Brief Description This use case explained how the system will use
the data of every authority that is being saved by
the user.
Actors User
Basic Flow This use case will occur before the system is being
activated.
7. The system will use the information given by the user to notify the authorities.
8. The system will save the video to the storage.
Alternative Flows Analyse video
Exceptional Flows
9. If the system did not recognize a fire and smoke motion.
Special Requirements None
Pre-conditions None
Post-conditions
10. If the use case is successful, the application will use the given numbers to notify
the authorities.
Extension Points None
Component Description
Scenario The system will send information and the user will
receive emergency notification.
Triggered Event The system will detect a fire and smoke motion.
The following diagram illustrates the flow and the process along with the
Figure 3.3 shows how the user interacts with the application. It shows the
System Flowchart
Figure 3.5 System Flow Chart of the System
Figure 3.5 this figure shows the flow of the application in how the system operates.
Level 1 Data Flow Diagram shows the main process within the Application.
This reflects more detailed flow of data shown within the context data flow diagram
above.
1.0
Capture Video
2.0
1.0 Convolutional
Owner Contact Details Layers
Verify and save data
Pooling Layers
Contacts
4.0
Fully connected
Layers
5.0
Check if there is fire
or smoke or none
6.0
Show Result
Figure 3.7 shows that the process is divided into approach that is more
specific and which together, provides all the functionality of the application as a
whole.
reports.
Figure 3.8 shows how the system operates and represents the manual
procedures and program modules for ensuring the successful completion of the
process.
Activity Diagram
application.
Figure 3.9 shows how the Desktop Application runs. The system will analyse
the video and it will show process of detecting smoke or fire. The black circle
represents the starting point of the activity. The rounded rectangle symbolizes the
activity of the application. The arrows represent the transition of the activities. The