QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY

DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

FIRST SEMESTER 2021-

THC 102
2022

Risk Management as
Applied to Safety,
Security and Sanitation

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

…UNLEASHING WORK SKILLS….
 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE

IN

THC 102
Risk Management as Applied to Safety, Security
and Sanitation

Prepared by:

GOLDY GRACE P. ESTRADA

A.Y. 2020-2021

Executed by:

JEFFERSON N. CURAMMENG, MSHM

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence and prime Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino Province and appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of
Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Unleashing Work skills”

1 | Page
 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

MODULE 3
Topic 1 ESTABLISHING A SAFE AND SECURE WORK PLACE
1. Determine the principles of Health and Protection
2. Identify and discuss the responsibilities of employer and employees in the workplace
Competencies
3. Review the different policies and procedures in establishing a safe and secure workplace
Discussion ESTABLISHING A SAFE AND SECURE
WORKPLACE
Creating and maintaining a safe work environment
should be a high priority for organizations. Indeed,
under Occupational Health and Safety (OSH) law,
employers have a responsibility to create and maintain a
safe workplace.
Organizations need to actively foster and promote a
strong culture of safety. This means not only making
safety one of the organization’s main values, it means
taking concrete steps to make sure employees have a safe
work environment and are constantly striving to improve
safety in the workplace.
PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH AND SAFETY PROTECTION
All people are given the highest level of health and safety protection that is reasonably
practicable:
1. Those who manage or control activities that give rise, or may give rise, to risks to health
or safety are responsible for eliminating or reducing health and safety risks, so far as is
reasonably practicable.
2. Employers and self-employed people should be proactive and take reasonably practicable
measures to ensure health and safety in their business activities.
3. Employers and employees should exchange information about risks to health or safety and
measures that can be taken to eliminate or reduce those risks.
4. Employees are entitled, and should be encouraged, to be represented on health and safety
issues.
EMPLOYER/EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE WORKPLACE
I. EMPLOYER RIGHTS, OBLIGATIONS, AND RESPONSIBILITIES
A. Employer responsibilities may include:
✔ Providing safety training and clear safety rules
✔ Encouraging a Health and Safety Committee – the aim of the committee is to identify
areas in the workplace where changes should be made so as to create a safer working
environment.
✔ Maintaining an injury register - so that accidents are logged for insurance and monitoring
purposes
✔ Adhering to all workplace agreements
✔ Providing information and written instructions in all appropriate languages
✔ Providing all necessary safety equipment to perform the required work - this may include
gloves, masks, ear protectors, goggles, protective clothing and footwear
✔ Maintaining a safe workplace for their employees and monitoring health and safety issues
✔ Maintaining machinery & equipment in order to conform to safety standards
✔ Providing well-lit and ventilated places to work
✔ Providing first aid to all employees when and where necessary. This covers employees
when they are coming to and from work, provided the accident is not self-inflicted or of a
malicious or willful nature.
B. Extent of responsibilities
The OHS responsibilities extend a “duty of care” to all employers, employees and all
customers of the establishment.
Duty of care means employers have a legal responsibility, in addition to the responsibility
and obligations imposed by legislation, to provide a reasonable standard of care in relation to
actions (such as work practices) that could possibly cause harm to people.
The employer must therefore:
✔ Ensure the health, safety and welfare of all customers, delivery drivers, suppliers and

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence and prime Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino Province and appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of
Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Unleashing Work skills”

2 | Page
 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

visitors to the venue

✔ Provide safe access to the venue
✔ Provide information, training and supervision when and where required.
C. Duties of employers to monitor health and safety conditions
Employers must:
✔ Monitor the health of their employees and the conditions of the workplaces under their
management and control
✔ Keep records on the health and safety of their employees
✔ Employ or engage the services of a person suitably qualified in OHS to provide advice on
the health and safety of their employees.
II. EMPLOYEES RIGHTS, OBLIGATIONS, AND RESPONSIBILITIES
These include:
✔ Working in a way that ensures personal safety, and the safety of others including
colleagues and customers
✔ Using safety equipment in accordance with the manufacturer‘s instructions
✔ Using all safety equipment when and where required and in a correct manner (such as
goggles, masks, gloves, guards)
✔ Following all occupational health and safety regulations in-line with establishment
requirements
✔ Reporting accidents, injuries or illness to the appropriate person
✔ Reporting any equipment in need of repair
✔ Adhering to all workers compensation laws and regulations
✔ Not interfering or getting in the way of a person who is trying to assist another in need.
A. Extent of responsibilities
The employee must:
✔ Cooperate with the employer
✔ Act professionally and responsibly at all times
✔ Enforce health and safety issues to others in the
workplace
✔ Inform the employer of any breaches of the
regulations
✔ Ensure a hygienic and safe environment in
accordance with the individual’s responsibility and
authority

POLICIES AND PROCEDURES IN

ESTABLISHING A SAFE AND SECURE WORK PLACE
IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
✔ Health and safety policies and procedures are part of a framework for effective health and
safety management.
✔ Whilst it is important to have policies and procedures pertaining to all areas of the
operation, the first step is to establish a general health and safety policy which is the
primary safety document for the organization.
✔ A general health and safety policy states management‘s intention to provide a safe and
healthy workplace, and states the health and safety goals of a workplace. It should also
demonstrate the employer‘s acknowledgment of their legal duties and their intention to
voluntarily comply with those duties.
✔ Specific policies and procedures address particular issues or hazards. They are
administrative measures to control workplace hazards and should be used together with
other hazard control measures to eliminate or reduce the risk of workplace illness or
injury.
1. Developing and maintaining framework to
maintain workplace health, safety and security
✔ Prepare job descriptions that incorporate health,
safety and security responsibilitiess;
✔ Establish working relationship with management;
✔ Create health, safety and security reporting
structure;
✔ Disseminate information on health, safety and
security
✔ Initiate workplace health, safety and security
training; and
✔ Develop health, safety and security records and
allied documentation.
2. Implement procedures for identifying health, safety and security hazards and risks

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence and prime Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino Province and appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of
Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Unleashing Work skills”

3 | Page
 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

The goal of any workplace health and safety strategy is to eliminate or reduce, as far
as reasonably practicable, all workplace risks. This can be achieved by setting standards in
accordance with current occupational health and safety legislation, implementing
measures to meet those standards, monitoring that the measures are maintained, and
having a program of regular health and safety review and improvement.

What is a HAZARD?
✔ A hazard is anything that has the potential to cause injury or illness to employees, visitors
or the public
✔ A hazard may also have the potential to cause damage to property or the environment.
1. Encourage staff to report workplace hazards and risks
Some common techniques include:
✔ Remind staff – let the importance of safety be a daily message in a shift briefing session.
✔ Allocate specific risk daily – management may pick one topic in which to bring to the
attention of staff on a daily basis.
✔ Allocate areas of responsibility – management may give each staff member one type of
hazard for which they must investigate and determine how to control.
✔ Remind staff of benefits – the benefits of having fewer hazards is quite obvious. Not
only does it help to reduce injuries, but makes the tasks performed by staff easier to
undertake as they have the necessary working equipment and environment in which to
work.
✔ Ask staff – at the end of each shift, whether in a personal conversation or in a debrief
session if they identified any hazards during the day
✔ Thank and reward staff – there should be some sort of incentive scheme for eliminating
hazards in the workplace.
2. Analysis of internal records
When identifying health, safety and security risks, conducting workplace inspections is
normally the most effective method used in collecting information to current risks. That said,
conducting a review of internal records will also be able to shed light on hazards and risks
including:
✔ Historical risks and hazards – which were the most common and in which departments?
✔ Frequency and time line of risks or hazards – how often did they occur? Were they
seasonal or linked to a specific time of year or event?
✔ Reasons for risks or hazards –why did they occur?
✔ Resulting impact – what injury resulted? What impact or loss of revenue resulted?
✔ Steps taken to control risks or hazards – what did we do previously to resolve the
issue?
3. Address risk identification at planning and purchasing stages
The best way to control hazards and risks is to address them when planning operational
activities and purchasing equipment and supplies in conducting these activities.
There is a good chance that whatever activities a hospitality business is planning on
doing, it has already been done before.
Therefore some background information on potential risks exist. If not, it is a case of
carefully reviewing what needs to take place and trying to identify possible risks and how to
control them.
4. Monitor industry sources of workplace hazards and risks
Most workplace hazards and risks are not unique or isolated to one specific property. Due
to location or nature of the business activities, the problems affecting one business, are likely
to affecting others.
This is reassuring in the fact that:
✔ The problem is not unique
✔ Reasons for specific risks and hazards can be discussed with others
✔ A solution may already exist.
5. Evaluate the Organization’s health, safety and security effectiveness
A formal review of health and safety performance within a hospitality organization is
essential. It enables management and the Health and Safety Committee to determine whether
the essential health and safety systems, including the role of leadership, staff involvement,
implementation, assessment and review, has been successfully incorporated and followed in
the workplace. More importantly it indicates the effectiveness of the current system. It tells
you whether your system is effective in managing risk and protecting people.
Furthermore, regular reviews of safety performance will lead to a culture of continuous
improvement. As with all systems, just because control or management systems have been put
into place, doesn’t mean it will remain effective or require updating? Violating or not have
safety and health procedures in place can have a tremendous impact on your business.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence and prime Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino Province and appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of
Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Unleashing Work skills”

4 | Page
 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

ESTABLISHING A SAFE AND SECURE WORK PLACE IN THE TOURISM AND

HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

Guest and clientele must feel secured and protected whenever they would like to pamper
themselves through the enjoyment of the beauty of nature and the world of tourism. It is
necessary, therefore, for the management of the business to make a plan addressing this
paramount concern of the guests and clientele. Potential crises must be anticipated to design a
strategy to confront it. Hence, damage may be mitigated, if not entirely avoided it.

The following are some of the essential guidelines to manage the risks confronting
the tourism sector
1. Risks identification
2. Creation of a management plan to address risks that could affect the tourism business
3. Collaboration with the stakeholders
4. Provide training for the staff
5. Test the plan
6. Provide transparent and honest crisis communication
7. Revival of the business after a crisis
8. Re-position of the business after a crisis

1. Risk Identification
✔ As discussed previously, the hazard is something that could cause harm while risk is the
tendency to cause somebody harm.
✔ In most of the activities pertinent to tourism, the susceptibility of the risk harming people
and damaging property varies, depending on the preparedness of the management in their
encounter with the risks.
✔ As a way of risk mitigation, if not avoidance, the manager should have made an
identification of the eminent risks based on his/her inventory of potential hazards attaching
the tourism-related activities.

The risk identification could concern any of the following:

A. Natural hazards
B. Civil or political hazards
C. Technological hazards
D. Biological hazards

A. NATURAL HAZARD
✔ It is an extreme event that occurs naturally and causes harm to humans-or to other things
that we care about, though usually, the focus is on humans.
✔ It escalates into a natural disaster when an extreme event caused harm in significant
amounts and overwhelms the capability of people to cope and respond.
✔ e.g. Typhoon, Volcanic eruption

B. CIVIL or POLITICAL HAZARD

✔ These are caused by circumstances in the society that could vastly affect the society as a
whole.
✔ An example of civil or political hazard is terrorist attack because of its tendency of being
present in highly touristic places. Media mileage that the different tourism activities in the
world could be highly attractive to terrorists.
✔ There is political risk when there is a likelihood that events or conditions and decisions
arising from politics would result in losses. Decisions of the government to adopt the
TRAIN law imposing new taxes in the form of excise taxes on sweetened beverages and
non-essential services.

C. TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARD
✔ It may be considered as beneficial to the tourism industry in most of its aspect, this
technology, however, could produce negative impact to the industry as a whole if not

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence and prime Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino Province and appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of
Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Unleashing Work skills”

5 | Page
 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

utilized correctly and with necessary discipline.

✔ The other side of technology could be treated as hazard because it is an effect of
globalization of production, an increase of industrialization, and a certain level of risk
accidents connected with production, processes, transportation, and a waste management.
✔ The famous island of Boracay in the Philippines could be a perfect example of tourism
destination which experienced technological hazards. There were indications of water
pollution, and deteriorating water conditions as water along beaches have experienced
algal bloom.

D. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
✔ Also called “biohazard”, is a biological substance that poses a threat to the health of
living organisms, primarily humans. This could include a sample of a microorganism,
virus or toxin that can adversely affect human health.
✔ Biohazards are risk factors that could directly affect the tourism industry.

HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Effective controls protect workers from workplace hazards; help avoid injuries, illnesses,
and incidents; minimize or eliminate safety and health risks; and help employers provide
workers with safe and healthful working conditions.
✔ To effectively control and prevent hazards, employers should:
✔ Involve workers, who often have the best understanding of the conditions that create
hazards and insights into how they can be controlled.
✔ Identify and evaluate options for controlling hazards, using a "hierarchy of
controls."
✔ Use a hazard control plan to guide the selection and implementation of controls, and
implement controls according to the plan.
✔ Develop plans with measures to protect workers during emergencies and non-
routine activities.
✔ Evaluate the effectiveness of existing controls to determine whether they continue to
provide protection, or whether different controls may be more effective. Review
new technologies for their potential to be more protective, more reliable, or less
costly.
Enrichment ACTIVITY 1
Activities

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence and prime Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino Province and appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of
Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Unleashing Work skills”

6 | Page
 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

VENN DIAGRAM: Using the Venn diagram, identify the duties and responsibilities of
employer/employees in the workplace. Determine the duties/responsibilities which are alike.

RUBRIC FOR ACTIVITY 1

Approaching
Unsatisfactory At the Standard Proficient
  Standard
3 points 8 points 10 points
5 points
Similarities The identified The student The identified The identified
character traits highlights 3 or less character traits character traits are
provided is 1 or character traits and are 4 or more 5 or more and do
less. does not repeat. and do not not repeat. They
They include well repeat. They include well
described include well described
examples. described examples.
examples.
Differences The identified The student The identified The identified
character traits highlights 3 or less character traits character traits are
provided is 1 or character traits and are 4 or more 5 or more and do
less. does not repeat. and do not not repeat. They
They include well repeat. They include well
described include well described
examples. described examples.
examples.
Organization The Venn The Venn Diagram The Venn The Venn
Diagram is very is very sloppy and Diagram is Diagram is very
sloppy and it takes away from legible and neat and well
unreadable. the content. organized. organized.

ACTIVITY 2
DISCUSSION: Answer the following questions briefly. Use the space provided for your

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence and prime Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino Province and appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of
Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Unleashing Work skills”

7 | Page
 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

answers. WRITE LEGIBLY.

1. What are the rights and responsibilities of employee and employers in regard to health
and safety?

2. What is the importance of knowing your rights and responsibilities in the workplace?

Criteria 10 Expert 8 Accomplished 5 Capable 3 Beginner

Quality of Very Somewhat Gives some new Gives no new

Writing informative informative and information but information and very
and well- organized. poorly organized. poorly organized
organized.

Grammar, Virtually no Few spelling and A number of So many spelling,

Usage & spelling, punctuation spelling, punctuation and
Mechanics punctuation errors, minor punctuation or grammatical errors
or grammatical grammatical that it interferes with
grammatical errors. errors. the meaning.
errors.

RUBRIC FOR ACTIVITY 2

Comprehension SELF CHECK 1

Check TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and FALSE if the statement is
incorrect.
___________1. Health and safety policies and procedures are part of a framework for
effective health and safety management.
___________2. Under ISO, employers have a responsibility to create and maintain a safe
workplace.
___________3. Risk refers to anything that has the potential to cause injury or illness to
employees, visitors or the public.
___________4. The goal of any workplace health and safety strategy is to eliminate or reduce,
as far as reasonably practicable, all workplace risks.

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence and prime Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino Province and appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of
Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Unleashing Work skills”

8 | Page
 QUIRINO STATE UNIVERSITY
DIFFUN CAMPUS
Diffun, 3401 Quirino
COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY MANAGEMENT

___________5. A general health and safety policy states management‘s intention to provide a
safe and healthy workplace, and states the health and safety goals of a
workplace.
SELF CHECK 2
KEY TERMS: Define the following terminologies in your own words.

1. OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH AND SAFETY

2. BIOLOGICAL HAZARD

3. CIVIL/POLITICAL
HAZARD

4. TECHNOLOGICAL
HAZARD

Reference Book:
Caluza, Cristina 0., Maranan, Jovid Maricar H.,Maranan, Mario H., Risk Management for
Tourism & Hospitality, Mindshapers Publishing Co. Inc., 2018
Online References:
www.informationvine.com/Hazard+Topics
https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/.../14054-common-workplace-safety-hazard
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health
https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/
https://www.researchgate.net/.../11343362_Occupational_health_in_the_Philippines
https://laborlawphilippines.wordpress.com/.../occupational-safety-health-standard/
https://www.iso.org/iso-31000-risk-management.html

VISION MISSION
The leading center for academic and technological excellence and prime Develop competent and morally upright professionals and generate
catalyst for a progressive and sustainable Quirino Province and appropriate knowledge and technologies to meet the needs of
Southern Cagayan Valley. Quirino Province and Southern Cagayan Valley.

“Unleashing Work skills”

9 | Page