Name: Alyanna L.

Canlas
Subject: Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Topic: Conformity and Deviance
a. Social Control (gossip, social ostracism, laws and punishments)
b. Forms of deviance (ritualism, retreatism, rebellion, and innovation)
Instructor: Mr. Mark Christian Roble Almazan
Conformity
Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in belief or
behavior in order to fit in with a group[ CITATION Sau16 \l 13321 ].
Two types of conformity
 Normative conformity 
Normative conformity is conformity that occurs because of the desire to be liked
and accepted. 

 Informational conformity
Informational conformity is conformity that occurs because of the desire to be
correct.
Social Control
 Sociologist define social control as the way that the norms, rules, laws, and
structures of society regulate human behavior[ CITATION Ash19 \l 13321 ].

 Gossip
Gossip is an informal method of social control, particularly in small scale
societies. Gossip may be seen as a negative or positive form of social control [
CITATION Bar18 \l 13321 ]

 Social Ostracism
Ostracism, the act of ignoring and excluding, is the universal tactic of social
control[ CITATION Car08 \l 13321 ]

 Laws
Social Control entail rules of behavior that should be followed by the members
of society[ CITATION Den06 \l 13321 ]

 Punishment
Some formal sanctions include fines and incarceration in order to deter
negative behavior.
Deviance
 Sociologist define deviance as a behavior that violates rules and
norms[ CITATION Con16 \l 13321 ]
Forms of Deviance
Ritualism
 Ritualism here the person gives up on goals of society, accepting that he/she
will never obtain them, but continues on with the means [ CITATION Bra08 \l
13321 ]

Retreatism
 Retreatism is the rejection of both cultural goals and means [ CITATION Bra08 \l
13321 ]

Rebellion
 Rebellion is when a person rejects culturally and society-defined goals and
means and actively replaces them with culturally unacceptable ones [CITATION
Kar \l 13321 ]

Innovation
 Innovation is when one accepts the cultural goals, but they reject the
traditional or legal means to obtain them[CITATION Kar \l 13321 ].

References

Carter-Sowell, A. R., Chen, Z., & Williams, K. D. (2008, August). Ostracism increases social
susceptibility. Retrieved from Taylor & Francis Group:
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15534510802204868

Contreras, A. P., Dela Cruz, A. D., Erasga, D. S., & Fadrigon, C. C. (2016). Understanding Culture,
Society, and Politics. 927 Quezon Ave., Quezon City: PHOENIX PUBLISHING HOUSE INC.

Crossman, A. (2019, October 13). Definition of Social Control. Retrieved from ThoughtCo:
www.thoughtco.com/social-control-3026587

Gonzales, K. (n.d.). Rebellion in Sociology: Definition & Examples. Retrieved from Study.com:
https://study.com/academy/lesson/rebellion-in-sociology-definition-
examples.html#transcriptHeader

McLeod, S. (2016, January 14). What is Conformity? Retrieved from Simply Psychology:
www.simplypsychology.org/conformity.html

Michael, B. J. (2018, November 11). What is the social value of Gossip? Retrieved from
ResearchGate: www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_social_value_of_Gossip

O'Neil, D. (2006, July 10). Social Control: Law. Retrieved from

ww2.palomar.edu/anthro/control/con_2.htm

Wright, B. (2008, October 14). Merton's Strain Theory, Crime, And My Pants. Retrieved from
Everyday Sociology: https://www.everydaysociologyblog.com/2008/10/merton-strain.html