GRASS CUTTER

MEANING OF PROJECT

P= Planning before carring out the work…

R= Row material required for the work…
O= Organization of the work…
J= Joint efforts put together in the work…
E= Estimation of material required in the work…
C=Costing of the work…
T= Techniques used in performing the work

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ABSTRACT

A Solar grass cutter is a machine that uses sliding

blades to cut a lawn at an even length. Even more
sophisticated devices are there in every field. Power
consumption becomes essential for future. Solar grass
cutter is a very useful device which is very simple in
construction. It is used to maintain and upkeep lawns in
gardens, schools, college ’s etc. We have made some
changes in the existing machine to make its application
easier at reduced cost. Our main aim in pollution control
is attained through this. Unskilled operation can operate
easily and maintain the lawn very fine and uniform
surface look. In our project, ―Solar grass cutter is used
to cut the different grasses for the different application.

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CHAPTER: - 1
INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION
Moving the grass cutters with a standard motor
powered grass cutters is an inconvenience, and no one
takes pleasure in it. Cutting grass cannot be easily
accomplished by elderly, younger, grass cutter moving
with engine create noise pollution due to the loud engine,
and local air pollution due to the combustion in the
engine. Also, a motor powered engine requires
periodic maintenance such as changing the engine oil.
Even though electric solar grass is environmentally
friendly, they too can be an inconvenience. Along with
motor powered grass cutter, electric grass cutters are also
hazardous and cannot be easily used by all. Also, if the
electric grass cutter is corded, mowing could prove to be
problematic and dangerous. The prototype will also be
will be charged from sun by using solar panels.

What is Solar Energy?

Solar energy is radiant energy that is produced by

sun. Every day the sun radiates, or sends out, an

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enormous amount of energy. The sun radiates more

energy in one second than people have used since the
beginning of time!
Where does the energy come from that constantly is
being radiated from the sun? It comes from within the
sun itself. Like other stars, the sun is a big ball of gases-
mostly hydrogen and helium atoms. The hydrogen atoms
in the sun’s core combine to form helium and generate
energy in a process called nuclear fusion.

During nuclear fusion, the sun’s extremely high

pressure and temperature causes hydrogen atoms to come
apart and their nuclei (the central cores of the atoms) to
fuse to become one helium atom. But the helium atom
contains less mass than the four hydrogen atoms that
fused. Some matter is lost during nuclear fusion. The lost
matter is emitted into space as radiant energy.

It takes millions of years for the energy in the sun’s

core to make its way to the solar surface, and then just a
little over eight minutes to travel the 93 million miles to
earth. The solar energy travels to the earth at a speed of

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186,000 miles per second, the speed of light. Solar

energy is very large, inexhaustible source of energy. The
power from the sun interrupted by earth is approximately
1.8/10MW, which are many thousands of times larger
than the present consumption rate on the earth of all
energy sources. The quantum of energy India’s land area
receive from sun is equivalent to 15,000 time sits
consumption requirement (500 billion kWh) as projected
for 2004. In addition to its size, solar energy has two
other factors in its favor. Firstly, unlike fossil fuels and
nuclear power, it is an environmentally clean source of
energy. Secondly, it is free and available in adequate
quantities in almost all parts of the world people live. But
there are some problems associated with its. The real
challenge in utilizing solar energy is of and economic
concern. One has to strive for the development of
cheaper methods of collection and storage so that large
initial investments required at preset in most applications
are reduced, solar energy in India:

A large amount of solar radiation fall on India and

for most of the country very few days are without

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sunshine. India lies within the latitude of 7 N to and 37 N

with annual average intensity of solar radiation as 500 to
600 cal/cm/day with more such insulations available in
arid and semi arid regions. Average solar radiation
falling on India in arid and semiarid regions is 7.5 K w
h/m/day. Solar energy 5× 10 K w h/year potential to
meet basic energy needs of teeming millions who live in
rural India. Solar energy is an important, clean, cheap
and abundantly available renewable energy. The sun
radiates heat and light. The heat, light received from the
sun supports the environment on the earth through the
following well known natural effects.

 Temperature balance on the earth

 Photo-synthesis by biological plants production
of oxygen and organic materials, production of
organic chemicals and bio-mass.
 Wind due to unequal heating of water, land
surfaces.
 Heating of ocean water: ocean thermal energy
(OTEC)

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 Waves in ocean: ocean wave energy

 Tides in ocean: ocean tidal energy (due to
gravitational forces)
The sun produces enormous amount of energy of
heat and light through sustained nuclear fusion reactions.
The solar energy received on the earth in the form of
radiation is used for heating and producing an electrical
energy.
Among the non-conventional sources of energy
solar energy is the most promising. Hence our project is
based on the solar energy conversion to mechanical
energy to run a normal grass cutter.

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SOLAR GRASS
CUTTER ALSO
KNOWN AS
SOLAR
OPERATED
LAWNMOWER

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OBJECTIVES:

 For the manufacturing of a solar grass cutter we

referred various literature, papers etc. The review of
previous method used given below: In this lawn
mower uses an solar based energy source, which is
easie r to use, more advantageous comparing to
other energy source especially for gas based source
of power .But our lawn cutter is based on solar
because this energy is a renewable energy source
and it is easy to work. So we made solar powered
lawnmower.

HISTORY:
 The first lawn mower was invented by Edwin
Budding in 1830 just outside Stroud, in
Gloucestershire, England. Bedding’s mower was
designed primarily to cut the grass on sports
grounds and extensive gardens, as a superior
alternative to the scythe, and was granted a British
patent on August 31, 1830.
 Budding’s first machine was 19 inches (480 mm)

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wide with a frame made of

 wrought iron. The mower was pushed from behind.
Improvement:

 It took ten more years and further innovations to

create a machine that could be drawn by animals,
and sixty years before a steam-powered lawn
mower was built.

 In the 1850s, Thomas Green & Son of Leeds

introduced a mower called the Silens Messor
(meaning silent cutter), which used a chain to
transmit power from the rear roller to the cutting
cylinder.

Rotary mowers:
 Rotary mowers were not developed until engines
were small enough and powerful enough to run the
blades at sufficient speed. Many people
experimented with rotary blade mowers in the late
1920s and early 1930s, and Power Specialties Ltd.
introduced a gasoline-powered rotary mower.

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CHAPTER:- 2
SOLAR GRASS
CUTTER

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The lawn mower or grass cutter is made up of an

induction motor, a battery, an alternator, three collapsible
blades, and a link mechanism. The power and charging
system comprises of an alternator which charges the
battery while in o peration. The D.C. motor forms the
heart of the machine and provides the driving force for
the collapsible blades. This is achieved by the combined
effect of mechanical action of the cutting blades and the
forward thrust of the mower. The system is powered by
an electrical switch which completes the circuit
comprising the induction motor and the battery. The IR
sensor is finding the path to avoid the obstacles and
machine damage. The shaft fitting mechanism with
which the height of cut is altered.

Project description
 Solar Operated Lawnmower
 Our project is a battery powered automatic lawn
mower
 The user will wirelessly control the mower along a
desired path

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Function
 Mower will have the ability to be controlled
remotely
 It will be able to store the desired mowing path in
memory
 It will have wheels that control forward and
backward movement as well as turning
 Wireless interaction between mower, base station,
and control unit
 Solar power to large battery to mower batteries
 Micro-controller to interact with and control other
components (motors for blades/wheels, wireless
component, compass, and power management)

Working:
Coming to the working of solar powered grass cutter, it
has panels mounted in a particular arrangement at an
angle of 45 degrees in such a way that it can receive solar
radiation with high intensity easily from the sun. These
solar panels convert solar energy into electrical energy as

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studied earlier. Now this electrical energy is stored in

batteries by using a solar charger. The main function of
the solar charger is to increase the current from the
panels while batteries are charging, it also disconnects
the solar panels from the batteries when they are fully
charged and also connects to the panels when the
charging in batteries is low. The motor is connected to
the batteries through connecting wires .Between these
two mechanical circuit breaker switch is provided. It
starts and stops the working of the motor. From this
motor, the power transmits to the mechanism and this
makes the blade to slide on the fixed blade and this
makes to cut the grass.

The working principle of solar grass cutter is it has

panels mounted in a particular arrangement at an in such
a way that it can receive solar radiation with high
intensity easily from the sun. These solar panels convert
solar energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy
is stored in batteries by using a solar charger. The main
function of the solar charger is to increase the current
from the panels while batteries are charging, it also

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disconnects the solar panels from the batteries when they

are fully charged and also connects to the panels when
the charging in batteries is low. The motor is connected
to the batteries through connecting wires .Between these
two mechanical circuit breaker switch is provided. It
starts and stops the working of the motor. From this
motor, the power transmits to the mechanism and this
makes the blade to slide on the fixed blade and this
makes to cut the grass. The designed solar powered
lawnmower comprises of direct current (D.C) motor, a
rechargeable battery, solar panel, a stainless steel blade
and control switch. Mowing is achieved by the D.C
motor which provides the required torque needed to drive
the stainless steel blade which is directly coupled to the
shaft of the D.C motor.
The solar powered lawnmower is operated by the
switch on the board which closes the circuit and allows
the flow of current to the motor which in turn drive the
blade used for mowing. The battery recharges through
the solar charging controller. Performance evaluation of
the developed machine was carried out with different
types of grasses.

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CHAPTER:- 3
COMPONENT
DISCRIPTION

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Main parts

1. Solar panels
2. Wiper motor
3. 12 V Battery
4. 9 V Battery
5. Chain drive
6. Blades
7. Frame
8. Wheels
9. Sprockets

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SOLAR PANEL

How Do Solar Panel Work?

A solar panel is a device that collects photons of

sunlight, which are very small packets of electromagnetic
radiation energy, and converts them into electrical
current that can be used to power electrical loads.

Using solar panels is a very practical way to produce

electricity for many applications. The obvious would
have to be off-grid living. Living off-grid means living in
a location that is not serviced by the main electric utility
grid. Remote homes and cabins benefit nicely from solar
power systems. No longer is it necessary to pay huge
fees for the installation of electric utility poles and
cabling from the nearest main grid access point. A solar
electric system is potentially less expensive and can
provide power for upwards of three decades if properly
maintained.

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BATTERY

1 The Battery (Dry Cell)

(How They Generate Electrical Power)

 The common battery (dry cell) is a device that

changes chemical energy to electrical energy. Dry
cells are widely used in toys, flashlights, portable
radios, cameras, hearing aids, and other devices in
common use. A battery consists of an outer case
made of zinc (the negative electrode), a carbon rod
in the center of the cell (the positive electrode), and
the space between them is filled with an electrolyte
paste. In operation the electrolyte, consisting of
ground carbon,

 2 Manganese dioxide, Sal ammoniac, and zinc

chloride causes the electrons to flow and produce
electricity.

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 3 How do batteries work?

 Electricity is the flow of electrons through a circuit

or conductive path like a wire. Batteries have three
parts, an anode (-), a cathode (+), and the
electrolyte. The cathode and anode (the positive and
negative sides at either end of a smaller battery) are
hooked up to an electrical circuit.

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CHAPTER:4
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGE

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ADVANTAGES

 They can be installed and pulled by hand.

 Low maintenance
 Unattended operation
 Long life
 Compact size and portable
 Easy to move from one place to another place
 Operating principle is simple.
 Non-skilled person also operate this machine

DISADVANTAGES

 Solar energy makes use of a renewable natural

resource that is readily available.
 Large time required to remove the grass
 Manually operated
 Difficult to operate in rainy seasons

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CHAPTER: - 6
APPLICATION

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APPLICATION
 For cricket ground.
 The football ground.
 All garden
 All Playground

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FUTURE WORK
We completed our project successfully with the available
sources. But the results and modifications are not up to
the expectations. This can be further improved by
incorporating the following modifications to obtain better
results. The mechanism which we used ie scotch yoke
mechanism does not given excepted eff iciency. This
efficiency can be increased by using some other
mechanism. and speed of motor is reduce because we
have used heavy material and this material can be
replaced by using light weight material .and design of
blades should be done based on types o f grass is used to
cut. The project which we have done surly reaches the
average familes because the grass can be trimmed with
minimum cost and with minimum time Finally this
project may give an inspiration to the people who can
modify and can obtain better results.

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LIST OF REFERENCE
 The solar entrepreneur’s handbook, Wise
publications
 A project report on ―solar tracking system using
hydraulic damper‖ (MeRITS)
 Non Conventional Energy sources by G.D.RAI,
Khanna Publishers
 A project report on‖ solar powered bicycle‖
(MeRITS)
 WWW.solar grasspowered grass cutter.com [on
line]
 www.merits.tech.in

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